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Ocola PL, Dimitrova I, Grinkemeyer B, Guardado-Sanchez E, Đorđević T, Samutpraphoot P, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Control and Entanglement of Individual Rydberg Atoms near a Nanoscale Device. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:113601. [PMID: 38563952 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Coherent control of Rydberg atoms near dielectric surfaces is a major challenge due to the large sensitivity of Rydberg states to electric fields. We demonstrate coherent single-atom operations and two-qubit entanglement as close as 100 μm from a nanophotonic device. Using the individual atom control enabled by optical tweezers to study the spatial and temporal properties of the electric field from the surface, we employ dynamical decoupling techniques to characterize and cancel the electric-field noise with submicrosecond temporal resolution. We further use entanglement-assisted sensing to accurately map magnitude and direction of electric-field gradients on a micrometer scale. Our observations open a path for integration of Rydberg arrays with micro- and nanoscale devices for applications in quantum networking and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma L Ocola
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ivana Dimitrova
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Brandon Grinkemeyer
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Tamara Đorđević
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Vladan Vuletić
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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2
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Qin Q, Zhang JZ, Yang YH, Xu XB, Zeng Y, Wang JQ, Zou CL, Guo GC, Lin XM, Ye MY. Numerical analysis of on-chip acousto-optic modulators for visible wavelengths. Appl Opt 2024; 63:1719-1726. [PMID: 38437271 DOI: 10.1364/ao.516362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
On-chip acousto-optic modulators that operate at an optical wavelength of 780 nm and a microwave frequency of 6.835 GHz are proposed. The modulators are based on a lithium-niobate-on-sapphire platform and efficiently excite surface acoustic waves and exhibit strong interactions with tightly confined optical modes in waveguides. In particular, a high-efficiency phase modulator and single-sideband mode converter are designed. We found that for both microwave and optical wavelengths below 1 µm, the interactions at the cross-sections of photonic waveguides are sensitive to the waveguide width and are significantly different from those in previous studies. Our designed devices have small footprints and high efficiencies, making them suitable for controlling rubidium atoms and realizing hybrid photonic-atomic chips. Furthermore, our devices have the potential to extend the acousto-optic modulators to other visible wavelengths for other atom transitions and for visible light applications, including imaging and sensing.
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3
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Tabares C, Muñoz de Las Heras A, Tagliacozzo L, Porras D, González-Tudela A. Variational Quantum Simulators Based on Waveguide QED. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:073602. [PMID: 37656849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide QED simulators are analog quantum simulators made by quantum emitters interacting with one-dimensional photonic band gap materials. One of their remarkable features is that they can be used to engineer tunable-range emitter interactions. Here, we demonstrate how these interactions can be a resource to develop more efficient variational quantum algorithms for certain problems. In particular, we illustrate their power in creating wave function Ansätze that capture accurately the ground state of quantum critical spin models (XXZ and Ising) with fewer gates and optimization parameters than other variational Ansätze based on nearest-neighbor or infinite-range entangling gates. Finally, we study the potential advantages of these waveguide Ansätze in the presence of noise. Overall, these results evidence the potential of using the interaction range as a variational parameter and place waveguide QED simulators as a promising platform for variational quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tabares
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz de Las Heras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Tagliacozzo
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Porras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Tudela
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Hu Y, Jia WZ, Yan CH. Single-photon switches, beam splitters, and circulators based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. Opt Express 2023; 31:11142-11155. [PMID: 37155756 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon devices such as switches, beam splitters, and circulators are fundamental components to construct photonic integrated quantum networks. In this paper, two V-type three-level atoms coupled to a waveguide are proposed to simultaneously realize these functions as a multifunctional and reconfigurable single-photon device. When both the two atoms are driven by the external coherent fields, the difference in the phases of the coherent driving induces the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. Based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect and setting the two-atom distance to match the constructive or destructive interference conditions among photons travelling along different paths, a single-photon switch is achieved since the incident single photon can be controlled from complete transmission to complete reflection by adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields. When properly changing the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields, the incident photons are split equally into multiple components as a beam splitter operated with different frequencies. Meanwhile, the single-photon circulator with reconfigurable circulation directions can also be obtained.
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5
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Zhou X, Tamura H, Chang TH, Hung CL. Coupling Single Atoms to a Nanophotonic Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator via Optical Guiding. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:103601. [PMID: 36962011 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient optical guiding technique for coupling cold atoms in the near field of a planar nanophotonic circuit, and realize large atom-photon coupling to a whispering-gallery mode in a microring resonator with a single-atom cooperativity C≳8. The guiding potential is created by diffracted light on a nanophotonic waveguide that smoothly connects to a dipole trap in the far field for atom guiding with subwavelength precision. We observe atom-induced transparency for light coupled to a microring, characterize the atom-photon coupling rate, extract guided atom flux, and demonstrate on-chip photon routing by single atoms. Our demonstration promises new applications with cold atoms on a nanophotonic circuit for chiral quantum optics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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6
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Deist E, Gerber JA, Lu YH, Zeiher J, Stamper-Kurn DM. Superresolution Microscopy of Optical Fields Using Tweezer-Trapped Single Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:083201. [PMID: 35275676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.083201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We realize a scanning probe microscope using single trapped ^{87}Rb atoms to measure optical fields with subwavelength spatial resolution. Our microscope operates by detecting fluorescence from a single atom driven by near-resonant light and determining the ac Stark shift of an atomic transition from other local optical fields via the change in the fluorescence rate. We benchmark the microscope by measuring two standing-wave Gaussian modes of a Fabry-Pérot resonator with optical wavelengths of 1560 and 781 nm. We attain a spatial resolution of 300 nm, which is superresolving compared to the limit set by the 780 nm wavelength of the detected light. Sensitivity to short length scale features is enhanced by adapting the sensor to characterize an optical field via the force it exerts on the atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Deist
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Justin A Gerber
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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Yoo SM. Optical cooperative effects of multiemitters in a one-dimensional (1D) dense array. Opt Express 2021; 29:35314-35326. [PMID: 34808968 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically explore cooperative effects of equally spaced multiemitters in a 1D dense array driven by a low-intensity probe field propagating through a 1D waveguide by modeling the emitters as point-like coupled electric dipoles. We calculate the collective optical spectra of a number of 1D emitter arrays with any radiation-retention coefficient η using both exact classical-electrodynamics and mean-field-theory formalisms. We illustrate cooperative effects of lossless 1D emitter arrays with η = 1 at the emitter spacings, which are displayed by steep edges accompanied by a deep minimum and Fano resonances in the plots of transmissivities as a function of the detuning of the incident light from the emitter resonance. Numerical simulation of the full width of such optical bandgaps reveals that cooperativity between emitters is greater in a small array of size N ≤ 8 than in a larger one of size N > 8. For a lossy 1D emitter array in which the radiation retention coefficient is equal to or less than 0.1 the transmissivity obtained by exact-electrodynamics scheme exhibits no bandgap structures, being in good agreement with the mean-field-theory result. We propose that a 1D multiemitter array may work as a nanoscale filter blocking transmission of light with a frequency in the range of optical bandgaps.
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8
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Pscherer A, Meierhofer M, Wang D, Kelkar H, Martín-Cano D, Utikal T, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Single-Molecule Vacuum Rabi Splitting: Four-Wave Mixing and Optical Switching at the Single-Photon Level. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:133603. [PMID: 34623836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A single quantum emitter can possess a very strong intrinsic nonlinearity, but its overall promise for nonlinear effects is hampered by the challenge of efficient coupling to incident photons. Common nonlinear optical materials, on the other hand, are easy to couple to but are bulky, imposing a severe limitation on the miniaturization of photonic systems. In this Letter, we show that a single organic molecule acts as an extremely efficient nonlinear optical element in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We report on single-photon sensitivity in nonlinear signal generation and all-optical switching. Our work promotes the use of molecules for applications such as integrated photonic circuits operating at very low powers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pscherer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daqing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hrishikesh Kelkar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diego Martín-Cano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Utikal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Ðorđević T, Samutpraphoot P, Ocola PL, Bernien H, Grinkemeyer B, Dimitrova I, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Entanglement transport and a nanophotonic interface for atoms in optical tweezers. Science 2021; 373:1511-1514. [PMID: 34385353 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The realization of an efficient quantum optical interface for multi-qubit systems is an outstanding challenge in science and engineering. Using two atoms in individually-controlled optical tweezers coupled to a nanofabricated photonic crystal cavity, we demonstrate entanglement generation, fast non-destructive readout, and full quantum control of atomic qubits. The entangled state is verified in free space after being transported away from the cavity by encoding the qubits into long-lived states and using dynamical decoupling. Our approach bridges quantum operations at an optical link and in free space by a coherent one-way transport, potentially enabling an integrated optical interface for atomic quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ðorđević
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Polnop Samutpraphoot
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paloma L Ocola
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brandon Grinkemeyer
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ivana Dimitrova
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. .,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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10
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Xie T, Zhao Z, Kong X, Ma W, Wang M, Ye X, Yu P, Yang Z, Xu S, Wang P, Wang Y, Shi F, Du J. Beating the standard quantum limit under ambient conditions with solid-state spins. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/32/eabg9204. [PMID: 34362736 PMCID: PMC8346219 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of entangled sensors improves the precision limit from the standard quantum limit (SQL) to the Heisenberg limit. Most previous experiments beating the SQL are performed on the sensors that are well isolated under extreme conditions. Here, we demonstrate a sub-SQL interferometer at ambient conditions by using a multispin system, namely, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond. We achieve two-spin interference with a phase sensitivity of 1.79 ± 0.06 dB beyond the SQL and three-spin interference with a phase sensitivity of 2.77 ± 0.10 dB. Besides, a magnetic sensitivity of 0.87 ± 0.09 dB beyond the SQL is achieved by two-spin interference for detecting a real magnetic field. Particularly, the deterministic and joint initialization of NV negative state, NV electron spin, and two nuclear spins is realized at room temperature. The techniques used here are of fundamental importance for quantum sensing and computing, and naturally applicable to other solid-state spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xi Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaoyi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Groiseau C, Elliott AEJ, Masson SJ, Parkins S. Proposal for a Deterministic Single-Atom Source of Quasisuperradiant N-Photon Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:033602. [PMID: 34328761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single-atom, cavity quantum electrodynamics system, compatible with recently demonstrated, fiber-integrated micro- and nanocavity setups, for the on-demand production of optical number-state, 0N-state, and binomial-code-state pulses. The scheme makes use of Raman transitions within an entire atomic ground-state hyperfine level and operates with laser and cavity fields detuned from the atomic transition by much more than the excited-state hyperfine splitting. This enables reduction of the dynamics to that of a simple, cavity-damped Tavis-Cummings model with the collective spin determined by the total angular momentum of the ground hyperfine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Groiseau
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Alexander E J Elliott
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Scott Parkins
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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12
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Abstract
The possibility of detuned spins displaying synchronous oscillations in local observables is analysed in the presence of coupling, collective dissipation and incoherent pumping. We show that there exist two distinct scenarios in which synchronization can emerge, related respectively to the presence of a non-degenerate long-lived eigenmode and to the presence of a single-frequency regime. Both scenarios can arise by tuning parameters in this system, owing to the presence of coalascence. The former, known as transient synchronization, is here generalized in the presence of incoherent pumping, and is due to long-lasting coherences leading to a progressive frequency selection. On the other hand, in spite of the spins detuning, the dynamics can be governed by a single frequency. Still, we show that synchronization can be established only after a transient, when phase-locking arises. Spectral features of synchronization in these two scenarios are analysed for two-time correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabot
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gian Luca Giorgi
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Roberta Zambrini
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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13
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Kelly SP, Rey AM, Marino J. Effect of Active Photons on Dynamical Frustration in Cavity QED. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:133603. [PMID: 33861099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the far-from-equilibrium dynamical regimes of a many-body spin-boson model with disordered couplings relevant for cavity QED and trapped ion experiments, using the discrete truncated Wigner approximation. We focus on the dynamics of spin observables upon varying the disorder strength and the frequency of the photons, finding that the latter can considerably alter the structure of the system's dynamical responses. When the photons evolve at a similar rate as the spins, they can induce qualitatively distinct frustrated dynamics characterized by either logarithmic or algebraically slow relaxation. The latter illustrates resilience of glassylike dynamics in the presence of active photonic degrees of freedom, suggesting that disordered quantum many-body systems with resonant photons or phonons can display a rich diagram of nonequilibrium responses, with near future applications for quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P Kelly
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jamir Marino
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Ren W, Liu W, Song C, Li H, Guo Q, Wang Z, Zheng D, Agarwal GS, Scully MO, Zhu SY, Wang H, Wang DW. Simultaneous Excitation of Two Noninteracting Atoms with Time-Frequency Correlated Photon Pairs in a Superconducting Circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:133601. [PMID: 33034504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of simultaneous excitation of two noninteracting atoms by a pair of time-frequency correlated photons in a superconducting circuit. The strong coupling regime of this process enables the synthesis of a three-body interaction Hamiltonian, which allows the generation of the tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state in a single step with a fidelity as high as 0.95. We further demonstrate the inhibition of the simultaneous two-atom excitation by continuously measuring whether the first photon is emitted. This work provides a new route in synthesizing many-body interaction Hamiltonian and coherent control of entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ren
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100190, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100190, China
| | - Girish S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Departments of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Marlan O Scully
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Departments of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, USA
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100190, China
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15
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Ruddell SK, Webb KE, Takahata M, Kato S, Aoki T. Ultra-low-loss nanofiber Fabry-Perot cavities optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. Opt Lett 2020; 45:4875-4878. [PMID: 32870880 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-low-loss, all-fiber Fabry-Perot cavities that contain a nanofiber section, optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. By continuously monitoring the finesse and fiber radius during the fabrication of a nanofiber between two fiber Bragg gratings, we were able to precisely evaluate taper transmission as a function of radius. The resulting cavities have an internal round-trip loss of only 0.31% at a nanofiber waist radius of 207 nm, with a total finesse of 1380, and a maximum expected internal cooperativity of ∼1050 for a cesium atom on the nanofiber surface. Our ability to fabricate such high-finesse nanofiber cavities may open the door for the realization of high-fidelity scalable quantum networks.
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16
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Sumetsky M. Optical bottle microresonators with axially uniform eigenmode field distribution. Opt Lett 2020; 45:4116-4119. [PMID: 32735237 DOI: 10.1364/ol.394467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that the fundamental eigenmode of a shallow optical bottle microresonator (also called a SNAP microresonator) can be made exceptionally uniform along its axial length. The introduced microresonator has effective radius variation resembling the contour of a bat with ears and wings. Remarkably, reduction of the axial size of this microresonator achieved by cutting the wings does not alter the uniformity of its fundamental eigenmode. Being of general interest, our findings pave a way for improving the perceptibility of micro/nanoparticle sensing. These results also suggest a bottle microresonator suitable for accurate assembling of quantum emitters near the maximum of its eigenmode to be important in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
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17
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Meng Y, Liedl C, Pucher S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P. Imaging and Localizing Individual Atoms Interfaced with a Nanophotonic Waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:053603. [PMID: 32794877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single particle-resolved fluorescence imaging is an enabling technology in cold-atom physics. However, so far, this technique has not been available for nanophotonic atom-light interfaces. Here, we image single atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using an optical nanofiber. Near-resonant light is scattered off the atoms and imaged while counteracting heating mechanisms via degenerate Raman cooling. We detect trapped atoms within 150 ms and record image sequences of given atoms. Building on our technique, we perform two experiments which are conditioned on the number and position of the nanofiber-trapped atoms. We measure the transmission of nanofiber-guided resonant light and verify its exponential scaling in the few-atom limit, in accordance with Beer-Lambert's law. Moreover, depending on the interatomic distance, we observe interference of the fields that two simultaneously trapped atoms emit into the nanofiber. The demonstrated technique enables postselection and possible feedback schemes and thereby opens the road toward a new generation of experiments in quantum nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Meng
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Liedl
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Pucher
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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