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Baudis L. Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230083. [PMID: 38104624 PMCID: PMC10725769 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (Xe-TPCs) have emerged as some of the most powerful detectors in the fields of astroparticle physics and rare-event searches. Developed primarily towards the direct detection of dark matter particles, experiments presently operating deep underground have reached target masses at the multi-tonne scale, energy thresholds of approximately 1 keV and radioactivity-induced background rates similar to those from solar neutrinos. These unique properties, together with demonstrated stable operation over several years, allow for the exploration of new territory via high-sensitivity searches for a plethora of ultra-rare interactions. These include searches for particle dark matter, for second-order weak decays, and the observation of astrophysical neutrinos. We first review some properties of xenon as a radiation detection medium and the operation principles of dual-phase Xe-TPCs together with their energy calibration and resolution. We then discuss the status of currently running experiments and of proposed next-generation projects, describing some of the technological challenges. We end by looking at their sensitivity to dark matter candidates, to second-order weak decays and to solar and supernova neutrinos. Experiments based on dual-phase Xe-TPCs are difficult and, like all good experiments, they are constantly pushed to their limits. Together with many other endeavours in astroparticle physics and cosmology they will continue to push at the borders of the unknown, hopefully to reveal profound new knowledge about our cosmos. This article is part of the theme issue 'The particle-gravity frontier'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
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Aprile E, Abe K, Agostini F, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, D'Andrea V, Decowski MP, Di Gangi P, Di Pede S, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Gallo Rosso A, Galloway M, Gao F, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kato N, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Messina M, Miuchi K, Mizukoshi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Paetsch B, Palacio J, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Pizzella V, Plante G, Qi J, Qin J, Ramírez García D, Singh R, Sanchez L, Dos Santos JMF, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Takeda A, Tan PL, Terliuk A, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M, Zhu T. First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:041003. [PMID: 37566859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment, which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of 5.9 ton. During the (1.09±0.03) ton yr exposure used for this search, the intrinsic ^{85}Kr and ^{222}Rn concentrations in the liquid target are reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of (15.8±1.3) events/ton yr keV in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between 3.3 and 60.5 keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.58×10^{-47} cm^{2} for a WIMP mass of 28 GeV/c^{2} at 90% confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - K Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - F Agostini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - L Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J R Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - V C Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - D Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - F Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A L Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - L Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E J Brookes
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - R Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - T K Bui
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - C Cai
- Department of Physics & Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J M R Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A P Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | | | - J P Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - V D'Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M P Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Di Pede
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - K Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - A D Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - M Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics & Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - R Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - C Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N F Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini," University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Joy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - N Kato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - S Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - G Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - A Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - F Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - R F Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - S Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Liu
- Department of Physics & Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J A M Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - A Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Marignetti
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini," University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - K Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - D Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Mastroianni
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini," University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - K Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Mizukoshi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - A Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - U Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - J Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - V Pizzella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | - R Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J M F Dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - P Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - E Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - P-L Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - A Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Toschi
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - C Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - F Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - D Wenz
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V H S Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - D Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Li S, Wu M, Abdukerim A, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Fu C, Fu M, Geng L, Giboni K, Gu L, Guo X, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang Y, Huang Z, Hou R, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shaheed N, Shang C, Shang X, Shen G, Si L, Sun W, Tan A, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Xia J, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xie P, Yan B, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Y, Yao Y, You Z, Yu C, Yuan J, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Zeng X, Zhang D, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Search for Light Dark Matter with Ionization Signals in the PandaX-4T Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:261001. [PMID: 37450819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.261001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the search results of light dark matter through its interactions with shell electrons and nuclei, using the commissioning data from the PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector. Low energy events are selected to have an ionization-only signal between 60 to 200 photoelectrons, corresponding to a mean nuclear recoil energy from 0.77 to 2.54 keV and electronic recoil energy from 0.07 to 0.23 keV. With an effective exposure of 0.55 tonne·year, we set the most stringent limits within a mass range from 40 MeV/c^{2} to 10 GeV/c^{2} for pointlike dark matter-electron interaction, 100 MeV/c^{2} to 10 GeV/c^{2} for dark matter-electron interaction via a light mediator, and 3.2 to 4 GeV/c^{2} for dark matter-nucleon spin-independent interaction. For DM interaction with electrons, our limits are closing in on the parameter space predicted by the freeze-in and freeze-out mechanisms in the early Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Abdusalam Abdukerim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zihao Bo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhaokan Cheng
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengting Fu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lisheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linhui Gu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Chencheng Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changda He
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruquan Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yonglin Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianglai Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyin Luo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunyang Luo
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yugang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Meng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xuyang Ning
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ningchun Qi
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Nasir Shaheed
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Changsong Shang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Si
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Andi Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yuehuan Wei
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingkai Xia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pengwei Xie
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyu Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jijun Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yukun Yao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhengyun You
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chunxu Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jumin Yuan
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Minzhen Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qibin Zheng
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jifang Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Ma W, Abdukerim A, Cheng C, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Fu C, Fu M, Geng L, Giboni K, Gu L, Guo X, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang Y, Huang Z, Hou R, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li S, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma Y, Mao Y, Shaheed N, Meng Y, Ning X, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shang C, Shang X, Shen G, Si L, Sun W, Tan A, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu M, Wu W, Xia J, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xie P, Yan B, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Y, Yu C, Yuan J, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Zeng X, Zhang D, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Search for Solar ^{8}B Neutrinos in the PandaX-4T Experiment Using Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:021802. [PMID: 36706410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A search for interactions from solar ^{8}B neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei using PandaX-4T commissioning data is reported. The energy threshold of this search is further lowered compared with the previous search for dark matter, with various techniques utilized to suppress the background that emerges from data with the lowered threshold. A blind analysis is performed on the data with an effective exposure of 0.48 tonne year, and no significant excess of events is observed. Among the results obtained using the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, our results give the best constraint on the solar ^{8}B neutrino flux. We further provide a more stringent limit on the cross section between dark matter and nucleon in the mass range from 3 to 9 GeV/c^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Abdusalam Abdukerim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zihao Bo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhaokan Cheng
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changbo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengting Fu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lisheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linhui Gu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Chencheng Han
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changda He
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruquan Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yonglin Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianglai Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyin Luo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunyang Luo
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yugang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nasir Shaheed
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Meng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xuyang Ning
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ningchun Qi
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Changsong Shang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Si
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Andi Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuehuan Wei
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingkai Xia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pengwei Xie
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyu Yan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jijun Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunxu Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jumin Yuan
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Minzhen Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qibin Zheng
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jifang Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
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5
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Akimov D, An P, Awe C, Barbeau PS, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Blackston MA, Bock C, Bolozdynya A, Browning J, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chernyak D, Conley E, Daughhetee J, Detwiler J, Ding K, Durand MR, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Gallo Rosso A, Galindo-Uribarri A, Green MP, Heath MR, Hedges S, Hoang D, Hughes M, Johnson T, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Link JM, Liu J, Mann K, Markoff DM, Mastroberti J, Mueller PE, Newby J, Parno DS, Penttila SI, Pershey D, Rapp R, Ray H, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich GC, Ross J, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat DJ, Salyapongse AM, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Snow WM, Sosnovstsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Tolstukhin I, Ujah E, Vanderwerp J, Varner RL, Virtue CJ, Visser G, Wongjirad T, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J. Measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Cross Section on CsI by COHERENT. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:081801. [PMID: 36053683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We measured the cross section of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) using a CsI[Na] scintillating crystal in a high flux of neutrinos produced at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. New data collected before detector decommissioning have more than doubled the dataset since the first observation of CEvNS, achieved with this detector. Systematic uncertainties have also been reduced with an updated quenching model, allowing for improved precision. With these analysis improvements, the COHERENT Collaboration determined the cross section to be (165_{-25}^{+30})×10^{-40} cm^{2}, consistent with the standard model, giving the most precise measurement of CEvNS yet. The timing structure of the neutrino beam has been exploited to compare the CEvNS cross section from scattering of different neutrino flavors. This result places leading constraints on neutrino nonstandard interactions while testing lepton flavor universality and measures the weak mixing angle as sin^{2}θ_{W}=0.220_{-0.026}^{+0.028} at Q^{2}≈(50 MeV)^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akimov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Awe
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B Becker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - V Belov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - I Bernardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M A Blackston
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Bock
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Bolozdynya
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Browning
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | - D Chernyak
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - E Conley
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Daughhetee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Ding
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M R Durand
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Y Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A Galindo-Uribarri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M P Green
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - M R Heath
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Hedges
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hoang
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Khromov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Konovalov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - E Kozlova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - A Kumpan
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Liu
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Mann
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - D M Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Mastroberti
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Newby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D S Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S I Penttila
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Rapp
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Raybern
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - O Razuvaeva
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - D Reyna
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G C Rich
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Ross
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - D Rudik
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A M Salyapongse
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - K Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Shakirov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Simakov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - G Sinev
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Sosnovstsev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - B Suh
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Tayloe
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - I Tolstukhin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Ujah
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C J Virtue
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Visser
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Zettlemoyer
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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6
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Amarasinghe C, Coronel R, Huang D, Liu Y, Arthurs M, Steinfeld S, Lorenzon W, Gaitskell R. Feasibility study to use neutron capture for an ultralow energy nuclear-recoil calibration in liquid xenon. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Aprile E, Abe K, Agostini F, Ahmed Maouloud S, Alfonsi M, Althueser L, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cichon D, Cimmino B, Clark M, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, D'Andrea V, Decowski MP, Gangi PD, Pede SD, Giovanni AD, Stefano RD, Diglio S, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Fischer H, Fulgione W, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Galloway M, Gao F, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Higuera A, Hils C, Hiraide K, Hoetzsch L, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Kato N, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Manfredini A, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Messina M, Miuchi K, Mizukoshi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Ni K, Oberlack U, Palacio J, Peres R, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Pizzella V, Plante G, Qi J, Qin J, Ramírez García D, Reichard S, Rocchetti A, Rupp N, Sanchez L, Dos Santos JMF, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Lavina LS, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Takeda A, Tan PL, Terliuk A, Therreau C, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Wei Y, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Westermann J, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhu T, Zopounidis JP, Laubenstein M, Nisi S. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:599. [PMID: 35821975 PMCID: PMC9270421 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{222}$$\end{document}222Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim $$\end{document}∼17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{222}$$\end{document}222Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$\end{document}-0.7+0.5) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\upmu $$\end{document}μBq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - K Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - F Agostini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Ahmed Maouloud
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Alfonsi
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - E Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J R Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V C Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - F Arneodo
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A L Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Biondi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Bruno
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - R Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - C Capelli
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J M R Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Cimmino
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - A P Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J J Cuenca-García
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J P Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - V D'Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M P Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Di Pede
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Di Giovanni
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Di Stefano
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - S Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - A Elykov
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - A D Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy.,INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - C Hils
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Hiraide
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - L Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Y Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - J Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Kato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - P Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.,Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - G Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Kopec
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - R F Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - F Lombardi
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.,LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J A M Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - C Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Manenti
- Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Manfredini
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Marignetti
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - K Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - J Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Mastroianni
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - K Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - K Mizukoshi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - A Molinario
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - K Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Y Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Murra
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - U Oberlack
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M Pierre
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - V Pizzella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - D Ramírez García
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Reichard
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Rocchetti
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Rupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J M F Dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Scotto Lavina
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Shagin
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - E Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - M Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - P L Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Therreau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F Toschi
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - F Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y Wei
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - C Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Wenz
- Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Westermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Wittweg
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka Hida, Gifu 506-1205 Japan
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - G Zavattini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,INFN, Sez. di Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, Edificio C, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Y Zhang
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - T Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J P Zopounidis
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - M Laubenstein
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Aprile E, Abe K, Agostini F, Ahmed Maouloud S, Alfonsi M, Althueser L, Angelino E, Angevaare J, Antochi V, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Baxter A, Bellagamba L, Bernard A, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Capelli C, Cardoso J, Cichon D, Cimmino B, Clark M, Colijn A, Conrad J, Cuenca-García J, Cussonneau J, D’Andrea V, Decowski M, Di Gangi P, Di Pede S, Di Giovanni A, Di Stefano R, Diglio S, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella A, Fischer H, Fulgione W, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Galloway M, Gao F, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kato N, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Landsman H, Lang R, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes J, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Manfredini A, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Messina M, Miuchi K, Mizukoshi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Paetsch B, Palacio J, Peres R, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Pizzella V, Plante G, Qi J, Qin J, Ramírez García D, Reichard S, Rocchetti A, Rupp N, Sanchez L, dos Santos J, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Takeda A, Tan PL, Terliuk A, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Wei Y, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhu T, Zopounidis J. Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Billard J, Boulay M, Cebrián S, Covi L, Fiorillo G, Green A, Kopp J, Majorovits B, Palladino K, Petricca F, Roszkowski Chair L, Schumann M. Direct detection of dark matter-APPEC committee report. Rep Prog Phys 2022; 85:056201. [PMID: 35193133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening overview and recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Billard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I-Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mark Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susana Cebrián
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Covi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giuliana Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi 'Federico II' di Napoli and INFN Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Green
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Kopp
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kimberly Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leszek Roszkowski Chair
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Schumann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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O'Hare CAJ. New Definition of the Neutrino Floor for Direct Dark Matter Searches. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:251802. [PMID: 35029419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.251802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The neutrino floor is a theoretical lower limit on WIMP-like dark matter models that are discoverable in direct detection experiments. It is commonly interpreted as the point at which dark matter signals become hidden underneath a remarkably similar-looking background from neutrinos. However, it has been known for some time that the neutrino floor is not a hard limit, but can be pushed past with sufficient statistics. As a consequence, some have recently advocated for calling it the "neutrino fog" instead. The downside of current methods of deriving the neutrino floor are that they rely on arbitrary choices of experimental exposure and energy threshold. Here we propose to define the neutrino floor as the boundary of the neutrino fog, and develop a calculation free from these assumptions. The technique is based on the derivative of a hypothetical experimental discovery limit as a function of exposure, and leads to a neutrino floor that is only influenced by the systematic uncertainties on the neutrino flux normalizations. Our floor is broadly similar to those found in the literature, but differs by almost an order of magnitude in the sub-GeV range, and above 20 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran A J O'Hare
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, New South Wales 2006, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Dark matter is a milestone in the understanding of the Universe and a portal to the discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model of particles. The direct search for dark matter has become one of the most active fields of experimental physics in the last few decades. Liquid Xenon (LXe) detectors demonstrated the highest sensitivities to the main dark matter candidates (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles, WIMP). The experiments of the XENON project, located in the underground INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, are leading the field thanks to the dual-phase LXe time projection chamber (TPC) technology. Since the first prototype XENON10 built in 2005, each detector of the XENON project achieved the highest sensitivity to WIMP dark matter. XENON increased the LXe target mass by nearly a factor 400, up to the 5.9 t of the current XENONnT detector installed at LNGS in 2020. Thanks to an unprecedentedly low background level, XENON1T (predecessor of XENONnT) set the world best limits on WIMP dark matter to date, for an overall boost of more than 3 orders of magnitude to the experimental sensitivity since the XENON project started. In this work, we review the principles of direct dark matter detection with LXe TPCs, the detectors of the XENON project, the challenges posed by background mitigation to ultra-low levels, and the main results achieved by the XENON project in the search for dark matter.
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