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Li B, Zhang J, Yan Z, Feng M, Yu Z, Wang L. Pressure-Induced Dimerization of C60 at Room Temperature as Revealed by an In Situ Spectroscopy Study Using an Infrared Laser. Crystals 2020; 10:182. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using in situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, the polymerization and structure evaluation of C60 were studied up to 16 GPa at room temperature. The use of an 830 nm laser successfully eliminated the photo-polymerization of C60, which has interfered with the pressure effect in previous studies when a laser with a shorter wavelength was used as excitation. It was found that face-centered cubic (fcc) structured C60 transformed into simple cubic (sc) C60 due to the hint of free rotation for the C60 at 0.3 GPa. The pressure-induced dimerization of C60 was found to occur at about 3.2 GPa at room temperature. Our results suggest the benefit and importance of the choice of the infrared laser as the excitation laser.
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Yang F, Lin Y, Baldini M, Dahl JEP, Carlson RMK, Mao WL. Effects of Molecular Geometry on the Properties of Compressed Diamondoid Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4641-4647. [PMID: 27801594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diamondoids are an intriguing group of carbon-based nanomaterials, which combine desired properties of inorganic nanomaterials and small hydrocarbon molecules with atomic-level uniformity. In this Letter, we report the first comparative study on the effect of pressure on a series of diamondoid crystals with systematically varying molecular geometries and shapes, including zero-dimensional (0D) adamantane; one-dimensional (1D) diamantane, [121]tetramantane, [123]tetramantane, and [1212]pentamantane; two-dimensional (2D) [12312]hexamantane; and three-dimensional (3D) triamantane and [1(2,3)4]pentamantane. We find the bulk moduli of these diamondoid crystals are strongly dependent on the diamondoids' molecular geometry with 3D [1(2,3)4]pentamantane being the least compressible and 0D adamantane being the most compressible. These diamondoid crystals possess excellent structural rigidity and are able to sustain large volume deformation without structural failure even after repetitive pressure loading cycles. These properties are desirable for constructing cushioning devices. We also demonstrate that lower diamondoids outperform the conventional cushioning materials in both the working pressure range and energy absorption density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yu Lin
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Maria Baldini
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jeremy E P Dahl
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert M K Carlson
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Wendy L Mao
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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Wang L, Liu B, Li H, Yang W, Ding Y, Sinogeikin SV, Meng Y, Liu Z, Zeng XC, Mao WL. Long-Range Ordered Carbon Clusters: A Crystalline Material with Amorphous Building Blocks. Science 2012; 337:825-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Álvarez-Murga M, Bleuet P, Garbarino G, Salamat A, Mezouar M, Hodeau JL. "Compressed graphite" formed during C60 to diamond transformation as revealed by scattering computed tomography. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:025502. [PMID: 23030177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.025502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The collapsing of C60 into polycrystalline diamond has been studied after nonhydrostatic pressurization at ambient temperature using x-ray scattering computed tomography. Using this selective structural probe we provide evidence of concentric coexistence of "compressed graphite" (d(00l)∼3.09-3.11 Å), sp2-graphitelike phase (d(00l)∼3.35-3.42 Å), and sp3-like amorphous carbon surrounding polycrystalline diamond (a∼3.56-3.59 Å). The so-called "compressed graphite" exhibits a collapsed c axis and is textured with disordered layers. This latter phase is better described as a short interlayered carbon phase with buckled sp2-sp3 layers with possible interlayer bonding. Additionally, our 3D maps of phase distribution and of the residual stress retained in the polycrystalline diamond phase support the importance of stressed synthesis conditions for diamond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Álvarez-Murga
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble F-38043 France and Institut Néel, CNRS, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Le Parc R, Levelut C, Haines J, Davydov V, Rakhmanina A, Papoular R, Belova E, Chernozatonskii L, Allouchi H, Agafonov V. In situ X-ray powder diffraction study of one-dimensional polymeric C60 phase transformation under high-pressure. Chem Phys Lett 2007; 438:63-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sood AK, Chandrabhas N, Mumu DVS, Hariharan Y, Bharathi A, Sundar CS. Pressure-induced band gap reduction, orientational ordering and reversible amorphization in single crystals of C70: Photoluminescence and Raman studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418639408240211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Sood
- a Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , 560 012 , India
- c Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , IISc Campus, Bangalore , India
| | - N. Chandrabhas
- a Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , 560 012 , India
| | - D. V. S. Mumu
- a Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , 560 012 , India
| | - Y. Hariharan
- b Material Science Division , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam , 603 102 , India
| | - A. Bharathi
- b Material Science Division , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam , 603 102 , India
| | - C. S. Sundar
- b Material Science Division , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam , 603 102 , India
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Moseler M, Riedel H, Gumbsch P, Stäring J, Mehlig B. Understanding of the phase transformation from fullerite to amorphous carbon at the microscopic level. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:165503. [PMID: 15904241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.165503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the shock-induced phase transformation from fullerite to a dense amorphous carbon phase by tight-binding molecular dynamics. For increasing hydrostatic pressures P, the C60 cages are found to polymerize at P<10 GPa, to break at P approximately 40 GPa, and to slowly collapse further at P>40 GPa. By contrast, in the presence of additional shear stresses, the cages are destroyed at much lower pressures (P<30 GPa). We explain this fact in terms of a continuum model, the snap-through instability of a spherical shell. Surprisingly, the relaxed high-density structures display no intermediate-range order.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moseler
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM, Wöhlerstrasse 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Recent high-pressure studies reveal a wealth of new information about the behavior of molecular materials subjected to pressures well into the multimegabar range (several hundred gigapascal), corresponding to compressions in excess of an order of magnitude. Under such conditions, bonding patterns established for molecular systems near ambient conditions change dramatically, causing profound effects on numerous physical and chemical properties and leading to the formation of new classes of materials. Representative systems are examined to illustrate key phenomena, including the evolution of structure and bonding with compression; pressure-induced phase transitions and chemical reactions; pressure-tuning of vibrational dynamics, quantum effects, and excited electronic states; and novel states of electronic and magnetic order. Examples are taken from simple elemental molecules (e.g. homonuclear diatomics), simple heteronuclear species, hydrogen-bonded systems (including H2O), simple molecular mixtures, and selected larger, more complex molecules. There are many implications that span the sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hemley
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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Meletov KP, Christofilos D, Ves S, Kourouklis GA. Pressure-induced orientational ordering in C60 single crystals studied by Raman spectroscopy. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:10090-10096. [PMID: 9980056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hirai H, Kondo K. Changes in structure and electronic state from C60 fullerene to amorphous diamond. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:15555-15558. [PMID: 9978515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Chandrabhas N, Sood AK, Muthu DV, Sundar CS, Bharathi A, Hariharan Y, Rao CN. Reversible pressure-induced amorphization in solid C70: Raman and photoluminescence study. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 73:3411-3414. [PMID: 10057374 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hodeau JL, Tonnerre JM, Bouchet-Fabre B, Capponi JJ, Perroux M. High-pressure transformations of C60 to diamond and sp3 phases at room temperature and to sp2 phases at high temperature. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:10311-10314. [PMID: 9975115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Heggie MI, Latham CD, Jones R, Briddon PR. Instability of tetrahedral bonding for the C100 molecule. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:5937-5940. [PMID: 9976962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hess BC, Forgy EA, Frolov S, Dick DD, Vardeny ZV. High-pressure study of picosecond exciton dynamics in solid C60. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:4871-4874. [PMID: 9976799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Iwasa Y, Arima T, Fleming RM, Siegrist T, Zhou O, Haddon RC, Rothberg LJ, Lyons KB, Carter HL, Hebard AF, Tycko R, Dabbagh G, Krajewski JJ, Thomas GA, Yagi T. New Phases of C
60
Synthesized at High Pressure. Science 1994; 264:1570-2. [PMID: 17769600 DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5165.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The fullerene C(60) can be converted into two different structures by high pressure and temperature. They are metastable and revert to pristine C(60) on reheating to 300 degrees C at ambient pressure. For synthesis temperatures between 300 degrees and 400 degrees C and pressures of 5 gigapascals, a nominal face-centered-cubic structure is produced with a lattice parameter a(o) = 13.6 angstroms. When treated at 500 degrees to 800 degrees C at the same pressure, C(60) transforms into a rhombohedral structure with hexagonal lattice parameters of a(o) = 9.22 angstroms and c(o) = 24.6 angstroms. The intermolecular distance is small enough that a chemical bond can form, in accord with the reduced solubility of the pressure-induced phases. Infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies show a drastic reduction of icosahedral symmetry, as might occur if the C(60) molecules are linked.
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Ludwig HA, Fietz WH, Hornung FW, Grube K, Wagner B, Burkhart GJ. C60 under pressure-bulk modulus and equation of state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01313282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yu J, Bi L, Kalia RK, Vashishta P. Intermolecular and intramolecular phonons in solid C60: Effects of orientational disorder and pressure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:5008-5019. [PMID: 10011436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kosowsky SD, Hsu C, Chen NH, Moshary F, Pershan PS, Silvera IF. X-ray study of pressure-collapsed fullerite. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:8474-8475. [PMID: 10007052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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