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Du XD, Hong RJ, Heidbrink WW, Jian X, Wang H, Eidietis NW, Van Zeeland MA, Austin ME, Liu Y, Crocker NA, Rhodes TL, Särkimäki K, Snicker A, Wu W, Knolker M. Multiscale Chirping Modes Driven by Thermal Ions in a Plasma with Reactor-Relevant Ion Temperature. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:025001. [PMID: 34296897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A thermal ion driven bursting instability with rapid frequency chirping, considered as an Alfvénic ion temperature gradient mode, has been observed in plasmas having reactor-relevant temperature in the DIII-D tokamak. The modes are excited over a wide spatial range from macroscopic device size to microturbulence size and the perturbation energy propagates across multiple spatial scales. The radial mode structure is able to expand from local to global in ∼0.1 ms and it causes magnetic topology changes in the plasma edge, which can lead to a minor disruption event. Since the mode is typically observed in the high ion temperature ≳10 keV and high-β plasma regime, the manifestation of the mode in future reactors should be studied with development of mitigation strategies, if needed. This is the first observation of destabilization of the Alfvén continuum caused by the compressibility of ions with reactor-relevant ion temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Du
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - R J Hong
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W W Heidbrink
- University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - X Jian
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - H Wang
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - N W Eidietis
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M A Van Zeeland
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - M E Austin
- University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Y Liu
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - N A Crocker
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T L Rhodes
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Särkimäki
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A Snicker
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - W Wu
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - M Knolker
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
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Dai QP, Hu S. Multiple Branches of Discrete Alfvén Eigenmodes in Tokamak Plasmas with Negative Magnetic Shear. J Fusion Energ 2014; 33:8-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-013-9630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Van Zeeland MA, Boivin RL, Brower DL, Carlstrom TN, Chavez JA, Ding WX, Feder R, Johnson D, Lin L, O'Neill RC, Watts C. Conceptual design of the tangentially viewing combined interferometer-polarimeter for ITER density measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:043501. [PMID: 23635190 DOI: 10.1063/1.4798602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the systems planned for the measurement of electron density in ITER is a multi-channel tangentially viewing combined interferometer-polarimeter (TIP). This work discusses the current status of the design, including a preliminary optical table layout, calibration options, error sources, and performance projections based on a CO2/CO laser system. In the current design, two-color interferometry is carried out at 10.59 μm and 5.42 μm and a separate polarimetry measurement of the plasma induced Faraday effect, utilizing the rotating wave technique, is made at 10.59 μm. The inclusion of polarimetry provides an independent measure of the electron density and can also be used to correct the conventional two-color interferometer for fringe skips at all densities, up to and beyond the Greenwald limit. The system features five chords with independent first mirrors to reduce risks associated with deposition, erosion, etc., and a common first wall hole to minimize penetration sizes. Simulations of performance for a projected ITER baseline discharge show the diagnostic will function as well as, or better than, comparable existing systems for feedback density control. Calculations also show that finite temperature effects will be significant in ITER even for moderate temperature plasmas and can lead to a significant underestimate of electron density. A secondary role TIP will fulfill is that of a density fluctuation diagnostic; using a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode as an example, simulations show TIP will be extremely robust in this capacity and potentially able to resolve coherent mode fluctuations with perturbed densities as low as δn∕n ≈ 10(-5).
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Wang X, Briguglio S, Chen L, Di Troia C, Fogaccia G, Vlad G, Zonca F. Nonlinear dynamics of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode driven by energetic particles. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:045401. [PMID: 23214643 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.045401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear saturation of a beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode, driven by slowing down energetic particles via transit resonance, is investigated by the nonlinear hybrid magnetohyrodynamic gyrokinetic code. Saturation is characterized by frequency chirping and symmetry breaking between co- and counter-passing particles, which can be understood as the evidence of resonance detuning. The scaling of the saturation amplitude with the growth rate is also demonstrated to be consistent with radial resonance detuning due to the radial nonuniformity and mode structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Van Zeeland MA, Kramer GJ, Austin ME, Boivin RL, Heidbrink WW, Makowski MA, McKee GR, Nazikian R, Solomon WM, Wang G. Radial structure of Alfvén eigenmodes in the DIII-D tokamak through electron-cyclotron-emission measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:135001. [PMID: 17026039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatial structure of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes and reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes in DIII-D is obtained from electron-cyclotron-emission measurements. Peak measured temperature perturbations are of similar magnitude for both toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes and reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes and found to be deltaT(e)/T(e) approximately equal to 0.5%. Simultaneous measurements of density fluctuations using beam-emission spectroscopy indicate deltan(e)/n(e) approximately equal to 0.25%. Predictions of the measured temperature and density perturbation profiles as well as deltaT(e)/deltan(e) from the ideal magnetohydrodynamic code NOVA are in close agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Van Zeeland
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, USA.
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