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Leverne L, Roach T, Perreau F, Maignan F, Krieger-Liszkay A. Increased drought resistance in state transition mutants is linked to modified plastoquinone pool redox state. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:3737-3747. [PMID: 37614199 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Identifying traits that exhibit improved drought resistance is highly important to cope with the challenges of predicted climate change. We investigated the response of state transition mutants to drought. Compared with the wild type, state transition mutants were less affected by drought. Photosynthetic parameters in leaves probed by chlorophyll fluorescence confirmed that mutants possess a more reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool, as expected due to the absence of state transitions. Seedlings of the mutants showed an enhanced growth of the primary root and more lateral root formation. The photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, leading to an oxidised PQ pool, inhibited primary root growth in wild type and mutants, while the cytochrome b6 f complex inhibitor 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzoquinone, leading to a reduced PQ pool, stimulated root growth. A more reduced state of the PQ pool was associated with a slight but significant increase in singlet oxygen production. Singlet oxygen may trigger a, yet unknown, signalling cascade promoting root growth. We propose that photosynthetic mutants with a deregulated ratio of photosystem II to photosystem I activity can provide a novel path for improving crop drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leverne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - François Perreau
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. Plant J 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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3
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Krieger-Liszkay A, Shimakawa G. Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022:BST20211246. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/BST20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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Fantuzzi A, Allgöwer F, Baker H, McGuire G, Teh WK, Gamiz-Hernandez AP, Kaila VRI, Rutherford AW. Bicarbonate-controlled reduction of oxygen by the Q A semiquinone in Photosystem II in membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116063119. [PMID: 35115403 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116063119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Photosystem II (PSII), O2 reduction by QA•− is often discussed but has not been demonstrated. Here, we show in PSII membranes that QA•− can reduce O2 to superoxide, but only when bicarbonate is absent from its binding site on the nonheme Fe2+. Bicarbonate’s role in PSII was recently shown to involve a regulatory/protective redox-tuning mechanism linking PSII function to CO2 concentration. A key aspect is the presence of stable QA•− causing release of bicarbonate from its site on Fe2+. Here, we show that under these conditions, O2 binds to the empty site on the Fe2+ and is reduced by QA•−. This unexpected reaction may be a further indication of cross-talk between the regulation of PSII and CO2 fixation. Photosystem II (PSII), the water/plastoquinone photo-oxidoreductase, plays a key energy input role in the biosphere. QA•−, the reduced semiquinone form of the nonexchangeable quinone, is often considered capable of a side reaction with O2, forming superoxide, but this reaction has not yet been demonstrated experimentally. Here, using chlorophyll fluorescence in plant PSII membranes, we show that O2 does oxidize QA•− at physiological O2 concentrations with a t1/2 of 10 s. Superoxide is formed stoichiometrically, and the reaction kinetics are controlled by the accessibility of O2 to a binding site near QA•−, with an apparent dissociation constant of 70 ± 20 µM. Unexpectedly, QA•− could only reduce O2 when bicarbonate was absent from its binding site on the nonheme iron (Fe2+) and the addition of bicarbonate or formate blocked the O2-dependant decay of QA•−. These results, together with molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, indicate that electron transfer from QA•− to O2 occurs when the O2 is bound to the empty bicarbonate site on Fe2+. A protective role for bicarbonate in PSII was recently reported, involving long-lived QA•− triggering bicarbonate dissociation from Fe2+ [Brinkert et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 12144–12149 (2016)]. The present findings extend this mechanism by showing that bicarbonate release allows O2 to bind to Fe2+ and to oxidize QA•−. This could be beneficial by oxidizing QA•− and by producing superoxide, a chemical signal for the overreduced state of the electron transfer chain.
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Dang Z, Jia Y, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Huang L, Liang C, Lockhart PJ, Matthew C, Li FY. Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression Plasticity in Stipa grandis in Response to Grazing Intensity Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111882. [PMID: 34769324 PMCID: PMC8611654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved effective and distinct adaptive strategies to survive. Stipa grandis is a representative species for studying the grazing effect on typical steppe plants in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Although phenotypic (morphological and physiological) variations in S. grandis in response to long-term grazing have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations and plastic responses remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to investigate changes in gene expression of S. grandis under four different grazing intensities. As a result, a total of 2357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the tested grazing intensities, suggesting long-term grazing resulted in gene expression plasticity that affected diverse biological processes and metabolic pathways in S. grandis. DEGs were identified in RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses that indicated the modulation of the Calvin–Benson cycle and photorespiration metabolic pathways. The key gene expression profiles encoding various proteins (e.g., ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, glycolate oxidase, etc.) involved in these pathways suggest that they may synergistically respond to grazing to increase the resilience and stress tolerance of S. grandis. Our findings provide scientific clues for improving grassland use and protection and identifying important questions to address in future transcriptome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Dang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1514-802-6396
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Yunyun Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
| | - Jiabin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Lei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Cunzhu Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
| | - Peter J. Lockhart
- School of Fundamental Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Cory Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Frank Yonghong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (F.Y.L.)
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Trubitsin BV, Milanovsky GE, Mamedov MD, Semenov AY, Tikhonov AN. The Interaction of Water-Soluble Nitroxide Radicals with Photosystem II. Appl Magn Reson 2021; 53:1053-1067. [PMID: 34522067 PMCID: PMC8428495 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the redox transients of a number of water-soluble spin labels upon their interactions with Photosystem II (PS II) core complexes isolated from spinach leaves. We have found that the reactivity of nitroxide radicals, determined by the rate of their reduction upon illumination of PS II, depends on the chemical structure of radicals and the capability of their coming close to low-potential redox centers of photoactive PS II complexes. An enhanced capability of nitroxide radicals to accept electrons from PS II correlates with their chemical structure. Nitroxide radicals NTI (2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-nitromethylene-3-imidazolidine-N-oxyl) and Tacet (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-acetate), containing polar groups, appear to be most efficient acceptors of electrons donated by PS II compared to neutral (TEMPOL, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) or positively charged (Tamine, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl) spin labels. We assume that enhanced reactivities of polar nitroxide radicals, NTI and Tacet, are determined (1) by their relatively high redox potentials, providing the possibility to accept electrons from PS II, and (2) by their affinities to the closest binding sites on the surface of PS II in the vicinity of the primary plastoquinone acceptor PQA (12-14 Å) or/and in the intraprotein cavity for the secondary plastoquinone PQB (~ 22 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. E. Milanovsky
- Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. D. Mamedov
- Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Yu. Semenov
- Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. N. Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Leverne L, Krieger-Liszkay A. Moderate drought stress stabilizes the primary quinone acceptor Q A and the secondary quinone acceptor Q B in photosystem II. Physiol Plant 2021; 171:260-267. [PMID: 33215720 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought induces stomata closure and lowers the CO2 concentration in the mesophyll, limiting CO2 assimilation and favoring photorespiration. The photosynthetic apparatus is protected under drought conditions by a number of downregulation mechanisms like photosynthetic control and activation of cyclic electron transport leading to the generation of a high proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. Here, we studied photosynthetic electron transport by chlorophyll fluorescence, thermoluminescence (TL), and P700 absorption measurements in spinach exposed to moderate drought stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction and decay kinetics were slowed down. Under drought conditions, an increase of the TL AG-band and a downshift of the maximum temperatures of both, the B-band and the AG-band, were observed when leaves were illuminated under conditions that maintained the proton gradient. When leaves were frozen prior to the TL measurements, the maximum temperature of the B-band was upshifted in drought-stressed leaves. This shows a stabilization of the QB /QB •- redox couple in accordance with the slower fluorescence decay kinetics. We propose that during drought stress, photorespiration exerts a feedback control on photosystem II via the binding of a photorespiratory metabolite at the non-heme iron at the acceptor side of photosystem II. According to our hypothesis, an exchange of bicarbonate at the non-heme iron by a photorespiratory metabolite such as glycolate would not only affect the midpoint potential of the QA /QA •- couple, as shown previously, but also that of the QB /QB •- couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leverne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Cell Biology (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Cell Biology (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Shevela D, Do HN, Fantuzzi A, Rutherford AW, Messinger J. Bicarbonate-Mediated CO 2 Formation on Both Sides of Photosystem II. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2442-2449. [PMID: 32574489 PMCID: PMC7467574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of bicarbonate (HCO3-) on photosystem II (PSII) activity was discovered in the 1950s, but only recently have its molecular mechanisms begun to be clarified. Two chemical mechanisms have been proposed. One is for the electron-donor side, in which mobile HCO3- enhances and possibly regulates water oxidation by acting as proton acceptor, after which it dissociates into CO2 and H2O. The other is for the electron-acceptor side, in which (i) reduction of the QA quinone leads to the release of HCO3- from its binding site on the non-heme iron and (ii) the Em potential of the QA/QA•- couple increases when HCO3- dissociates. This suggested a protective/regulatory role of HCO3- as it is known that increasing the Em of QA decreases the extent of back-reaction-associated photodamage. Here we demonstrate, using plant thylakoids, that time-resolved membrane-inlet mass spectrometry together with 13C isotope labeling of HCO3- allows donor- and acceptor-side formation of CO2 by PSII to be demonstrated and distinguished, which opens the door for future studies of the importance of both mechanisms under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shevela
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hoang-Nguyen Do
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Fantuzzi
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. William Rutherford
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular
Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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Timm S, Hagemann M. Photorespiration-how is it regulated and how does it regulate overall plant metabolism? J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3955-3965. [PMID: 32274517 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under the current atmospheric conditions, oxygenic photosynthesis requires photorespiration to operate. In the presence of low CO2/O2 ratios, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) performs an oxygenase side reaction, leading to the formation of high amounts of 2-phosphoglycolate during illumination. Given that 2-phosphoglycolate is a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic carbon fixation, it must be immediately removed through photorespiration. The core photorespiratory cycle is orchestrated across three interacting subcellular compartments, namely chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria, and thus cross-talks with a multitude of other cellular processes. Over the past years, the metabolic interaction of photorespiration and photosynthetic CO2 fixation has attracted major interest because research has demonstrated the enhancement of C3 photosynthesis and growth through the genetic manipulation of photorespiration. However, to optimize future engineering approaches, it is also essential to improve our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of photorespiration. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding the steps that control carbon flux in photorespiration, eventually involving regulatory proteins and metabolites. In this regard, both genetic engineering and the identification of various layers of regulation point to glycine decarboxylase as the key enzyme to regulate and adjust the photorespiratory carbon flow. Potential implications of the regulation of photorespiration for acclimation to environmental changes along with open questions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Rostock, Germany
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Huihui Z, Yue W, Xin L, Guoqiang H, Yanhui C, Zhiyuan T, Jieyu S, Nan X, Guangyu S. Chlorophyll synthesis and the photoprotective mechanism in leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings under NaCl and NaHCO 3 stress revealed by TMT-based proteomics analyses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110164. [PMID: 31927191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) and effective photoprotective mechanism are important prerequisites to ensure the photosynthetic function of plants under stress. In this study, the effects of 100 mmol L-1 NaCl and NaHCO3 stress on chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic function of mulberry seedlings were studied by physiological combined with proteomics technology. The results show that: NaCl stress had little effect on the expression of Chl synthesis related proteins, and there were no significant changes in Chl content and Chl a:b ratio. However, 13 of the 15 key proteins in the process of Chl synthesis were significantly decreased under NaHCO3 stress, and the contents of Chl a and Chl b were significantly decreased (especially Chl a). Although stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased significantly under NaCl stress, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and electron transfer rate (ETR) did not change significantly, but under NaHCO3 stress, not only Gs decreased significantly, PSII activity and photosynthetic carbon were the same. In the photoprotective mechanism under NaCl stress, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent cyclic electron flow (CEF) enhanced, the expression of related proteins subunit, ndhH, ndhI, ndhK, and ndhM, the key enzyme of the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) were up-regulated, the ratio of (A + Z)/(V + A + Z) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was increased. The expressions of proteins FTR and Fd-NiR were also significant up-regulated under NaCl stress, Fd-dependent ROS metabolism and nitrogen metabolism can effectively reduce the electronic pressure on Fd. Under NaHCO3 stress, the expressions of NDH-dependent CEF related proteins subunit (ndhH, ndhI, ndhK, ndhM and ndhN), VDE, ZE, FTR, Fd-NiR and Fd-GOGAT, were significant down-regulated, and ZE, CP26, ndhK, ndhM, Fd-NiR, Fd-GOGAT and FTR genes expression also significantly decreased, the photoprotective mechanism, like the xanthophyll cycle,CEF and Fd-dependent ROS metabolism and nitrogen metabolism might be damaged, resulting in the inhibition of PSII electron transfer and carbon assimilation in mulberry leaves under NaHCO3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Huihui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xin
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Guoqiang
- Mudanjang Tobacco Science Research Institute, Mudanjang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Che Yanhui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Teng Zhiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shao Jieyu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Nan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Sun Guangyu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Hui-Hui Z, Guang-Liang S, Jie-Yu S, Xin L, Ma-Bo L, Liang M, Nan X, Guang-Yu S. Photochemistry and proteomics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings under NaCl and NaHCO 3 stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 184:109624. [PMID: 31487570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the response and adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings to saline-alkali stress. Photosynthetic activity, and the response of related proteomics of M. alba seedling leaves under NaCl and NaHCO3 stress were studied by using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange technique combined with TMT proteomics. The results showed that NaCl stress had no significant effect on photosystem II (PSII) activity in M. alba seedling leaves. In addition, the expressions of proteins of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEE3-1 and PPD4) and the LHCII antenna (CP24 10A, CP26, and CP29) were increased, and the photosystem I (PSI) activity in the leaves of M. alba seedlings was increased, as well as expressions of proteins, such as PsaF, PsaG, PsaH, PsaL, PsaN, and Ycf4. Under NaHCO3 stress, the activity of PSII and PSI and the expression of their protein complexes and the electron transfer-related proteins significantly decreased. NaCl stress had little effect on RuBP regeneration during dark reaction in the leaves and the expressions of glucose synthesis related proteins and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) did not decrease significantly. The leaves could adapt to NaCl stress by reducing stomatal conductance (Gs) and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). Under NaHCO3 stress, the expression of dark reaction-related proteins was mostly down-regulated, while Gs was reduced, which indicated that non-stomatal factors can be responsible for inhibition of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui-Hui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Guang-Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shao Jie-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xin
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma-Bo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Sun Guang-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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12
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Taubert A, Jakob T, Wilhelm C. Glycolate from microalgae: an efficient carbon source for biotechnological applications. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1538-1546. [PMID: 30637910 PMCID: PMC6662103 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolate is produced in autotrophic cells under high temperatures and Ci -limitation via oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. In unicellular algae, glycolate is lost via excretion or metabolized via the C2 cycle by consuming reductants, ATP and CO2 emission (photorespiration). Therefore, photorespiration is an inhibitory process for biomass production. However, cells can be manipulated in a way that they become glycolate-producing 'cell factories', when the ratio carboxylation/oxygenation is 2. If under these conditions the C2 cycle is blocked, glycolate excretion becomes the only pathway of photosynthetic carbon flow. The study aims to proof the biotechnological applicability of algal-based glycolate excretion as a new biotechnological platform. It is shown that cells of Chlamydomonas can be cultivated under specific conditions to establish a constant and long-term stable glycolate excretion during the light phase. The cultures achieved a high efficiency of 82% of assimilated carbon transferred into glycolate biosynthesis without losses of function in cell vitality. Moreover, the glycolate accumulation in the medium is high enough to be directly used for microbial fermentation but does not show toxic effects to the glycolate-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Taubert
- Department of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Torsten Jakob
- Department of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Department of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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13
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Li J, Weraduwage SM, Preiser AL, Tietz S, Weise SE, Strand DD, Froehlich JE, Kramer DM, Hu J, Sharkey TD. A Cytosolic Bypass and G6P Shunt in Plants Lacking Peroxisomal Hydroxypyruvate Reductase. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:783-792. [PMID: 30886114 PMCID: PMC6548278 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by Rubisco is the first step in photorespiration and reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis in C3 plants. Our recent data indicate that mutants in photorespiration have increased rates of photosynthetic cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. We investigated mutant lines lacking peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase to determine if there are connections between 2-phosphoglycolate accumulation and cyclic electron flow in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that 2-phosphoglycolate is a competitive inhibitor of triose phosphate isomerase, an enzyme in the Calvin-Benson cycle that converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This block in metabolism could be overcome if glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is exported to the cytosol, where cytosolic triose phosphate isomerase could convert it to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. We found evidence that carbon is reimported as glucose-6-phosphate, forming a cytosolic bypass around the block of stromal triose phosphate isomerase. However, this also stimulates a glucose-6-phosphate shunt, which consumes ATP, which can be compensated by higher rates of cyclic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Li
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sarathi M Weraduwage
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Alyssa L Preiser
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sean E Weise
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - John E Froehlich
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - David M Kramer
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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14
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García-Calderón M, Betti M, Márquez AJ, Ortega JM, Roncel M. The afterglow thermoluminescence band as an indicator of changes in the photorespiratory metabolism of the model legume Lotus japonicus. Physiol Plant 2019; 166:240-250. [PMID: 30628087 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The afterglow (AG) luminescence is a delayed chlorophyll fluorescence emitted by the photosystem II that seems to reflect the level of assimilatory potential (NADPH+ATP) in chloroplast. In this work, the thermoluminescence (TL) emissions corresponding to the AG band were investigated in plants of the WT and the Ljgln2-2 photorespiratory mutant from Lotus japonicus grown under either photorespiratory (air) or non-photorespiratory (high concentration of CO2 ) conditions. TL glow curves obtained after two flashes induced the strongest overall TL emissions, which could be decomposed in two components: B band (tmax = 27-29°C) and AG band (tmax = 44-45°C). Under photorespiratory conditions, WT plants showed a ratio of 1.17 between the intensity of the AG and B bands (IAG /IB ). This ratio increased considerably under non-photorespiratory conditions (2.12). In contrast, mutant Ljgln2-2 plants grown under both conditions showed a high IAG /IB ratio, similar to that of WT plants grown under non-photorespiratory conditions. In addition, high temperature thermoluminescence (HTL) emissions associated to lipid peroxidation were also recorded. WT and Ljgln2-2 mutant plants grown under photorespiratory conditions showed both a significant HTL band, which increased significantly under non-photorespiratory conditions. The results of this work indicate that changes in the amplitude of IAG /IB ratio could be used as an in vivo indicator of alteration in the level of photorespiratory metabolism in L. japonicus chloroplasts. Moreover, the HTL results suggest that photorespiration plays some role in the protection of the chloroplast against lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mercedes Roncel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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