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Hou R, Grimm LJ, Mazurowski MA, Marks JR, King LM, Maley CC, Lynch T, van Oirsouw M, Rogers K, Stone N, Wallis M, Teuwen J, Wesseling J, Hwang ES, Lo JY. Prediction of Upstaging in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Based on Mammographic Radiomic Features. Radiology 2022; 303:54-62. [PMID: 34981975 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.210407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Improving diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) before surgery is important in choosing optimal patient management strategies. However, patients may harbor occult invasive disease not detected until definitive surgery. Purpose To assess the performance and clinical utility of mammographic radiomic features in the prediction of occult invasive cancer among women diagnosed with DCIS on the basis of core biopsy findings. Materials and Methods In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study, digital magnification mammographic images were collected from women who underwent breast core-needle biopsy for calcifications that was performed at a single institution between September 2008 and April 2017 and yielded a diagnosis of DCIS. The database query was directed at asymptomatic women with calcifications without a mass, architectural distortion, asymmetric density, or palpable disease. Logistic regression with regularization was used. Differences across training and internal test set by upstaging rate, age, lesion size, and estrogen and progesterone receptor status were assessed by using the Kruskal-Wallis or χ2 test. Results The study consisted of 700 women with DCIS (age range, 40-89 years; mean age, 59 years ± 10 [standard deviation]), including 114 with lesions (16.3%) upstaged to invasive cancer at subsequent surgery. The sample was split randomly into 400 women for the training set and 300 for the testing set (mean ages: training set, 59 years ± 10; test set, 59 years ± 10; P = .85). A total of 109 radiomic and four clinical features were extracted. The best model on the test set by using all radiomic and clinical features helped predict upstaging with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.79). For a fixed high sensitivity (90%), the model yielded a specificity of 22%, a negative predictive value of 92%, and an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.8, 3.2). High specificity (90%) corresponded to a sensitivity of 37%, positive predictive value of 41%, and odds ratio of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.8, 9.0). Conclusion Machine learning models that use radiomic features applied to mammographic calcifications may help predict upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ, which can refine clinical decision making and treatment planning. © RSNA, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Lars J Grimm
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Maciej A Mazurowski
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Lorraine M King
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Carlo C Maley
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Thomas Lynch
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Marja van Oirsouw
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Keith Rogers
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Nicholas Stone
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Matthew Wallis
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Jonas Teuwen
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
| | - Joseph Y Lo
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.H., L.J.G., J.Y.L.) and Surgery (J.R.M., L.M.K., T.L., E.S.H.), Duke University Medical Center, Box 3513, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC (R.H.); School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz (C.C.M.); Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK (K.R.); School of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Physics Building, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (N.S.); Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK (M.W.); and Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.v.O., J.T., J.W.)
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