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Gu C, Zhang H, Zhao S, He D, Gao Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomal miR-146a Mediates the Regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Signaling Pathway in Inflammation due to Diabetic Retinopathy. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:3864863. [PMID: 35761836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3864863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, which cannot be completely resolved by typical blood sugar control. Inflammation influences the development of DR, so reducing the inflammatory response in DR patients is crucial to the prevention of DR. Therefore, we explored the regulatory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) exosomes on inflammation in DR mice. In order to analyze the mechanism of action, we used BMSC exosomal miR-146a to treat microglias in DR mice to observe cellular changes and expression of inflammatory factors. It was found that BMSC exosomal miR-146a reduced the levels of proliferating cell antigen and B-cell lymphoma-2 in microglias of DR mice and increased Bcl-2-related X with cysteine aspartic protease-3. By analyzing the expression of inflammatory factors, we found that BMSC exosomal miR-146a reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which suggested that miR-146a can alleviate inflammation in DR mice. Further exploration found that miR-146a reduced the activity of TLR4 and increased the activity of MyD88 and NF-κB. Furthermore, the overexpression of TLR4 reversed the effects of miR-146a on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation of microglias. Our study demonstrated that BMSC exosomal miR-146a can regulate the inflammatory response of DR by mediating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, providing an experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Mason RH, Minaker SA, Lahaie Luna G, Bapat P, Farahvash A, Garg A, Bhambra N, Muni RH. Changes in aqueous and vitreous inflammatory cytokine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2022:10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x. [PMID: 35672457 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature without year limitation was conducted to January 18, 2021, which identified 341 studies assessing vitreous or aqueous cytokine levels in PDR, accounting for 10379 eyes with PDR and 6269 eyes from healthy controls. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) of cytokine concentrations between PDR and control patients. RESULTS Concentrations (SMD, 95% confidence interval, and p-value) of aqueous IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF, and vitreous IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, angiopoietin-2, eotaxin, erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GRO, HMGB-1, IFN-γ, IGF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, MMP-9, PDGF-AA, PlGF, sCD40L, SDF-1, sICAM-1, sVEGFR, TIMP, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in patients with PDR when compared to healthy nondiabetic controls. For all other cytokines no differences, failed sensitivity analyses or insufficient data were found. CONCLUSIONS This extensive list of cytokines speaks to the complexity of PDR pathogenesis, and informs future investigations into disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Mason
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Minaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priya Bapat
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anubhav Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishaant Bhambra
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto/Kensington Health Ophthalmology Biobank and Cytokine Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Xu Q, Gong C, Qiao L, Feng R, Liu H, Liu Y, Ji S, Zhang Y, Wu S, Li S. Aqueous Level of ANGPTL4 Correlates with the OCTA Metrics of Diabetic Macular Edema in NPDR. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:8435603. [PMID: 35097131 PMCID: PMC8791715 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8435603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the aqueous levels of angiogenic factors in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to ascertain their association with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics. METHODS This study enrolled 21 NPDR eyes with DME (NPDR/DME+), 17 NPDR eyes without DME (NPDR/DME-), and 16 diabetic eyes without retinopathy (DWR). Luminex bead-based multiplex array was used to measure the levels of 25 cytokines. OCTA system with a scan area of 3 × 3 mm was used to measure retinal thickness (RT), retinal volume (RV), superficial vessel density (SVD), deep vessel density (DVD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter and acircularity index. RESULTS The levels of ANGPTL4 were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05), in which NPDR/DME+ group had the highest level and NPDR/DME- group had a higher level than the DWR group (all, P < 0.0167). OCTA examination showed that, compared with DWR and NPDR/DME- group, RT and RV increased and the whole/parafoveal DVD decreased in NPDR/DME+ group (all, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, NPDR/DME- group had lower parafoveal DVD than the DWR group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the levels of ANGPTL4 were positively correlated with foveal/parafoveal RT and RV and negatively correlated with whole/parafoveal DVD in NPDR patients (all, P < 0.05). As the influencing factor of RT, RV, and DVD, every additional 103 pg/ml of ANGPTL4 was associated with an increase in foveal and parafoveal RT of 4.299 μm and 3.598 μm, respectively. Every additional 106 pg/ml of ANGPTL4 was associated with an increase in foveal and parafoveal RV of 3.371 mm3 and 17.705 mm3, respectively. Every additional 104 pg/ml of ANGPTL4 was associated with a decrease in whole and parafoveal DVD of 1.705% and 1.799%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The level of ANGPTL4 in aqueous humor of NPDR patients with DME was significantly increased and ANGPTL4 might predict RT, RV, and parafoveal DVD of DME in NPDR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruifang Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yalu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujuan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou, 221116 Jiangsu Province, China
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Jiang F, Chong L, Du S, Duan Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen S, He T. Decreased Ratio of VEGF165b/VEGF in Aqueous Humor Predicts Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:517-523. [PMID: 32344407 DOI: 10.1159/000508250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different splicing of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene results in 2 families of VEGF, the proangiogenic isoforms (VEGFxxxa) and the antiangiogenic isoforms (VEGFxxxb). VEGF165b is the major antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF and the most studied member of the VEGFxxxb family so far. OBJECTIVES To determine the concentration of VEGF165b and VEGF in the aqueous humor (AH) in diabetic eyes with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to address the predictive value of VEGF165b/VEGF ratio for progression of DR. METHODS AH samples from 20 eyes in healthy controls (CON group), 40 eyes in diabetic patients without DR (nDR group), and 30 eyes in diabetic patients with mild nonproliferative DR (DR group) were collected. All of the patients were followed up for at least 5 years. VEGF165b and VEGF levels of AH samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The predictive value of the initial VEGF165b/VEGF ratio for progression of DR was studied. RESULTS The mean concentration of VEGF165b significantly decreased in diabetic eyes vs. controls. The mean concentration of VEGF significantly increased in the DR group vs. the CON group. The VEGF165b/VEGF ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to the CON group. The VEGF165b/VEGF ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to the control group. The mean follow-up was 66.1months (range 60-71 months). The risk of DR progression was greater with a lower VEGF165b/VEGF ratio. CONCLUSION The VEGF165b/VEGF ratio is lower in the AH of DR patients and the decreased ratio of VEGF165b/VEGF predicts DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuyun Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shufang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Yajian Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Tiangeng He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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