1
|
Cova I, Mele F, Nicotra A, Maestri G, Cucumo V, Pomati S, Salvadori E, Pantoni L. The Luigi Sacco Hospital VAS-COG stroke care pathway: A five-year experience. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav 2024; 6:100210. [PMID: 38357360 PMCID: PMC10865214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Psycho-cognitive consequences are a frequent cause of disability in stroke survivors but are often underdiagnosed also because of lack of services dedicated to these aspects. We started assessing systematically cognitive and behavioral functions in acute stroke patients and to follow them up. Here, we report a retrospective analysis of the organization of the Sacco VAS-COG stroke care pathway and the refinements implemented during 5 years of activity. Methods The protocol includes baseline collection of clinical history, general and neurologic examinations, functional, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging assessment. At follow-up, a diagnosis of cognitive decline was made based on best clinical judgment in the first period (January 2018 to May 2019, namely VAS-COG protocol 1.0) and then based on an extensive neuropsychological battery (May 2019 to January 2023, namely VASCOG protocol 2.0); psychiatric and behavioral disturbances are investigated through suitable scales. Results From January 2018 to December 2022, 834 patients (mean age 76±13.6 years; 46.6 % females) with acute cerebrovascular events were admitted to the stroke unit, mostly (80 %) for ischemic strokes. Pre-event cognitive impairment was not assessable in 78 patients (9.3 %) because no reliable informant was present and was reported in 327/756 (43 %) patients. During follow-up, post-stroke cognitive impairment was detected in 124/217 (57.1 %) patients in VAS-COG protocol 1.0 and in 137/201(68.2 %) patients in VAS-COG protocol 2.0, while 95/218 (43.2 %) patients were found to be depressed and patients presented on average 2.5 neuropsychiatric symptoms on Neuropsychiatric Inventory-questionnaire. Conclusions The VAS-COG stroke care pathway represents a model for patients and for their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Cova
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Mele
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Nicotra
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Maestri
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Cucumo
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Pomati
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Salvadori
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 7, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - L. Pantoni
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 7, Milano 20157, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Navickaite E, Saltvedt I, Lydersen S, Munthe-Kaas R, Ihle-Hansen H, Grambaite R, Aam S. Diagnostic accuracy of the Clock Drawing Test in screening for early post-stroke neurocognitive disorder: the Nor-COAST study. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38195396 PMCID: PMC10775614 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke neurocognitive disorder, though common, is often overlooked by clinicians. Moreover, although the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has proven to be a valid screening test for neurocognitive disorder, even more time saving tests would be preferred. In our study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) for post-stroke neurocognitive disorder and the association between the CDT and MoCA. METHODS This study is part of the Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke study, a multicentre prospective cohort study following patients admitted with acute stroke. At the three-month follow-up, patients were classified with normal cognition, mild neurocognitive disorder, or major neurocognitive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Any neurocognitive disorder compromised both mild- and major neurocognitive disorder. The CDT at the three-month assessment was given scores ranging from 0 to 5. Patients able to complete the CDT and whose cognitive status could be classified were included in analyses. The CDT diagnostic accuracy for post-stroke neurocognitive disorder was identified using receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The association between the MoCA and CDT was analysed with Spearman's rho. RESULTS Of 554 participants, 238 (43.0%) were women. Mean (SD) age was 71.5 (11.8) years, while mean (SD) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 2.6 (3.7). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the CDT for major neurocognitive disorder and any neurocognitive disorder was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68-0.79) and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.63-0.72), respectively. A CDT cutoff of < 5 yielded 68% sensitivity and 60% specificity for any neurocognitive disorder and 78% sensitivity and 53% specificity for major neurocognitive disorder. Spearman's correlation coefficient between scores on the MoCA and CDT was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.44-0.57, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The CDT is not accurate enough to diagnose post-stroke neurocognitive disorder but shows acceptable accuracy in identifying major neurocognitive disorder. Performance on the CDT was associated with performance on MoCA; however, the CDT is inferior to MoCA in identifying post-stroke neurocognitive disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02650531). Retrospectively registered January 8, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Navickaite
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Munthe-Kaas
- Department of Medicine, Kongsberg Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Hege Ihle-Hansen
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ramune Grambaite
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stina Aam
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Querzola G, Bellomo A, Salvadori E, Pantoni L. Outcome of patients older than 85 years hospitalized in a neurology unit. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023:10.1007/s40520-023-02468-x. [PMID: 37330922 PMCID: PMC10363031 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age is a major determinant of mortality and poor outcome at any level. In hospitalized patients, advanced age is a major issue in terms of prognosis, resource use, and therapeutic choices. AIMS We aimed at assessing the 1 year outcome of elderly patients admitted to a neurology unit for various acute conditions. METHODS Consecutive patients admitted to a neurology unit were enrolled and followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months with structured phone interviews gathering information about mortality, disability, hospital readmissions, and place of residency. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 85 years, availability of written consent and phone contact; no exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS Over a period of 16 months, 131 patients (88.8 ± 3.3, 92 females, 39 males) were admitted. The pre-hospitalization modified Rankin Scale (mRS) median (IQR) score, obtainable in 125 patients, was 2 (0, 3) and > 3 in 28/125 (22.4%) patients. Fifty-eight (46.8%) patients had pre-existing dementia (this information was missing for one patient). Eleven patients died during hospitalization. Of the 120 discharged patients, 60 (50%) were alive at 12 months, 41 died during follow-up (34.2%), and 19 (15.8%) were lost. At 12 months, out of the 60 alive patients, 29 (48.3%) had a mRS > 3. We did not detect predictors of 12-month survival. Predictors of 12-month worsening of functional status were pre-hospitalization mRS, pre-existing cognitive impairment, and male sex. CONCLUSIONS One-year mortality of elderly patients admitted to a neurology unit is extremely high. After one year, less than one fourth of elderly patients hospitalised for an acute neurological disease are left with only no-to-moderate disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Querzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellomo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Salvadori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu M, Dong B, Huang C. Associations between cognitive impairment and computed tomography perfusion in different lobes in acute stroke of the anterior circulation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2023; 81:524-532. [PMID: 37379864 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) during the acute phase of stroke should not be ignored. The present study analyzed the relationship between computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in different lobes and CI during the acute phase of stroke in patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS The present study included 125 subjects: 96 in the acute phase of stroke and 29 elderly healthy subjects as a control group. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the cognitive status of the two groups. The CTP scans include four parameters: cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT). RESULTS The MoCA scores for naming, language and delayed recall significantly decreased only in patients with left cerebral infarctions. The MTT of the left vessels in the occipital lobe and the CBF of the right vessels in the frontal lobe were negatively related to the MoCA scores of patients with left infarction. The CBV of the left vessels in the frontal lobe and the CBF of left vessels in the parietal lobe were positively linked to the MoCA scores of patients with left infarction. The CBF of the right vessels in the temporal lobe was positively related to the MoCA scores of patients with right infarction. Finally, the CBF of the left vessels in the temporal lobe was inversely correlated with the MoCA scores of patients with right infarctions. CONCLUSION During the acute phase of stroke, CTP was closely associated with CI. Changed CTP could be a potential neuroimaging biomarker to predict CI during the acute phase of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Chu
- Anhui Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Anhui Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Anhui Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mele F, Cova I, Benzi F, Zerini F, Cucumo V, Brambilla M, Bertora P, Salvadori E, Pomati S, Pantoni L. Predictivity of the clock drawing test in the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases on cognitive decline at a 6-month neuropsychological evaluation. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2073-2076. [PMID: 35001189 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We showed that the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) performed during the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases predicted worsening of cognitive function defined based on a clinical judgement at a 3-month follow-up. The aim of this study was to verify the predictivity of the CDT on the worsening of cognitive status assessed with an extensive neuropsychological evaluation 6 months after the acute event. METHODS Patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack underwent a baseline clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment, including the CDT. Premorbid cognitive status was evaluated by means of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Between 6 and 7 months after the acute event, all patients underwent a neuropsychological evaluation that included tests for executive function, attention, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities. RESULTS Fifty patients (29 males; mean age 72.2 years) were enrolled: 28 (56%) had no premorbid cognitive impairment, 15 (30%) had premorbid mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 4 (8%) had premorbid dementia; for 3 patients, evaluation of premorbid status was not available. At follow-up, 11 (22%) had no cognitive impairment, 28 (56%) were diagnosed with MCI, and 11 (22%) dementia. In patients who were non-demented before the event, on regression analysis, the score obtained at CDT was predictive of decline of cognitive status at the 6-month follow-up (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.08-2.52). DISCUSSION Our study confirms that administering the CDT during the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases is informative with regard to the worsening of cognitive function after 6 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mele
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cova
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Benzi
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Zerini
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cucumo
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Brambilla
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bertora
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Salvadori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Pomati
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Dong FM, Shao K, Guo SZ, Zhao ZM, Yang YM, Song YX, Wang JH. The montreal cognitive assessment and mini-mental state examination visuoexecutive subtests in acute ischemic stroke patients and their correlations with demographic and clinical factors. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1707-1714. [PMID: 33219489 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Visuoexecutive impairment is common among acute ischemic stroke patients. This study aimed to examine the ability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) visuoexecutive subtests to detect visuoexecutive abnormality in acute ischemic stroke patients and to identify the predictors for their impairments. 336 patients who completed the MMSE and MoCA were enrolled in this study. We compared the proportion of participants with incorrect MoCA visuoexecutive tasks and MMSE pentagon copying. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the visuoexecutive dysfunction and demographic and clinical characteristics in the samples. Among all the participants, the MoCA detected more visuoexecutive dysfunction than the MMSE (88.69% vs. 45.83%, respectively; p < 0.001). The predictors identified by the univariate analysis included the factors of gender, age, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP), previous strokes, initial NIHSS score and number of old lacunar infarctions, while from the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors of age, educational level, NIHSS score, previous strokes and number of old lacunar infarctions served as predictive factors for the visuoexecutive impairment in acute stroke patients. In conclusion, visuoexecutive impairment is associated with the factors of the educational level, stroke severity, stroke history and number of old lacunar infarctions. Our findings may guide the clinicians to intervene the risks for the patients at an early stage after stroke and form the basis for good rehabilitation plans.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pantoni L, Salvadori E. Location of infarcts and post-stroke cognitive impairment. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:413-414. [PMID: 33901426 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pantoni
- Stroke and Dementia Laboratory, Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emilia Salvadori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brambilla M, Cerasetti M, Pepe F, Pini E, Pomati S, Magni E, Berlingeri M, Pantoni L. Comparison of Oxford Cognitive Screen and Montreal Cognitive Assessment feasibility in the stroke unit setting. A pilot study. Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior 2021; 2:100021. [PMID: 36324706 PMCID: PMC9616334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MoCA and OCS are brief tools to assess cognition in stroke patients. We found good agreement between MoCA and OCS measures. MoCA and OCS were feasible in the stroke unit setting. Qualitative information related to the patients and setting were registered. We found high level of acceptability by patients for both tests.
Background : Cognitive status evaluation is not routine in the acute stroke setting and there is no consensus on which neuropsychological tool is more feasible and informative. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the feasibility and acceptability of two brief cognitive tests, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), in acute stroke, with a focus on patients' experience, administration time, and the cognitive data obtained. Methods : Patients with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or of transient ischemic attack admitted to two stroke units were included. The sample consisted of 34 participants (mean age ±SD 71.1 ± 16.1 years, 25 males). Within five days of onset, patients were evaluated by means of the MoCA and OCS by a trained neuropsychologist. Results Both tests were feasible in the stroke unit setting and had a high level of acceptability by patients. MoCA test was fully completed by 25 patients, OCS by 21 patients. The OCS administration time was longer than that of the MoCA. However, OCS was perceived less demanding than MoCA by patients. Twenty patients completed both the MoCA and the OCS entirely, and only 2 of them did not show any impairment in both tests. Seventeen patients showed at least an impaired domain on the OCS and 15 patients presented with a MoCA global score below cut-off for cognitive impairment. Conclusions Our preliminary study did not show a superiority of the OCS over the widely used MoCA, and suggests the need for further validation in larger samples of stroke patients, exploring tests accuracy in detecting cognitive post-stroke impairment.
Collapse
|