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Gardhouse S. Point of Care Ultrasound in Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023:S1094-9194(23)00020-8. [PMID: 37349183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Exotic pets are presented to veterinary clinics with increasing frequency for routine, urgent, and emergency needs. With these increased visits, owners' expectations for high-quality veterinary care are also increasing. Many presenting complaints of reptiles, birds, and small mammals can benefit from the use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) to establish a minimum database, aid in triage, and help guide further diagnostics, treatment, and prognostic discussions with the owner. Hospitalized exotic patients can also have their progress tracked and better assessed with the aid of POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gardhouse
- Evolution Veterinary Specialists, 34 Van Gordon Street, Ste. 160, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA.
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Justo AA, Pereira Dutra GH, Alfonso A, Silva GO, Pogliani FC, Carregaro AB, Gaido Cortopassi SR. Echoanatomical Features of the Major Cervical Blood Vessels of the Juvenile Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2022. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1517.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Augusto Justo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil [; ]
| | | | - Angélica Alfonso
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-681, Brazil []
| | - Gabriel Oliveira Silva
- Veterinary Unit of the Santos Aquarium, Santos Aquarium, Santos, São Paulo 11030-500, Brazil [; ]
| | - Fabio Celidonio Pogliani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil []
| | - Adriano Bonfim Carregaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil []
| | - Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil [; ]
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Diggins R, Burrie R, Ariel E, Ridley J, Olsen J, Schultz S, Pettett-Willmett A, Hemming G, Lloyd J. A review of welfare indicators for sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation, with emphasis on environmental enrichment. Anim Welf 2022. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.2.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
For animals undergoing rehabilitation it is vital to monitor welfare in a way that is feasible, practical, and limits stress to the animal. The industry gold standard is to assess welfare under the Five Domains model, including nutrition, environment, physical health, and behaviour
as the first four physical domains and mental domain as the fifth. Feasibility and effectiveness of these domains for assessing welfare of sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation were reviewed and it was determined that the mental state can be best assessed through behavioural changes. A scoping
review of the literature was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science to investigate use of environmental enrichment devices (EEDs) as a measure of welfare in sea turtles. Behavioural assessments using EEDs were found to be well-documented; however, most EED studies pertained largely to livestock
or zoo animals. Furthermore, studies rarely concentrated on reptiles, and specifically sea turtles. Results also showed that certain welfare assessment methods may be less appropriate for short-term captivity experienced during rehabilitation. Additionally, the hospital environment limits
the ability to address some of the domains (ie biosecurity, feasibility, safety of turtle, etc, might be compromised). This review shows that only three of the nine environmental enrichment strategies described in the literature suit the specific requirements of sea turtles in rehabilitation:
feeding, tactile, and structural. It is documented that turtles display behaviours that would benefit from EEDs and, therefore, more specific studies are needed to ensure the best welfare outcomes for sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diggins
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - R Burrie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - E Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - J Ridley
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - J Olsen
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - S Schultz
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - A Pettett-Willmett
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - G Hemming
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - J Lloyd
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 Solander Drive, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
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