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Mirata S, Almonti V, Di Giuseppe D, Fornasini L, Raneri S, Vernazza S, Bersani D, Gualtieri AF, Bassi AM, Scarfì S. The Acute Toxicity of Mineral Fibres: A Systematic In Vitro Study Using Different THP-1 Macrophage Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2840. [PMID: 35269982 PMCID: PMC8911508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defence against detrimental inhaled stimuli. To date, no comparative data have been obtained on the inflammatory response induced by different carcinogenic mineral fibres in the three main macrophage phenotypes: M0 (non-activated), M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (alternatively activated). To gain new insights into the different toxicity mechanisms of carcinogenic mineral fibres, the acute effects of fibrous erionite, crocidolite and chrysotile in the three phenotypes obtained by THP-1 monocyte differentiation were investigated. The three mineral fibres apparently act by different toxicity mechanisms. Crocidolite seems to exert its toxic effects mostly as a result of its biodurability, ROS and cytokine production and DNA damage. Chrysotile, due to its low biodurability, displays toxic effects related to the release of toxic metals and the production of ROS and cytokines. Other mechanisms are involved in explaining the toxicity of biodurable fibrous erionite, which induces lower ROS and toxic metal release but exhibits a cation-exchange capacity able to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important cations. Concerning the differences among the three macrophage phenotypes, similar behaviour in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators was observed. The M2 phenotype, although known as a cell type recruited to mitigate the inflammatory state, in the case of asbestos fibres and erionite, serves to support the process by supplying pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mirata
- Department Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Vanessa Almonti
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.D.G.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Laura Fornasini
- ICCOM-CNR—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Simona Raneri
- ICCOM-CNR—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Danilo Bersani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Alessandro F. Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.D.G.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
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Golubeva OY, Alikina YA, Khamova TV, Vladimirova EV, Shamova OV. Aluminosilicate Nanosponges: Synthesis, Properties, and Application Prospects. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17008-17018. [PMID: 34723488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple one-step method is presented for fabricating inorganic nanosponges with a kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)4] structure. The nanosponges were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of aluminosilicate gels in an acidic medium (pH = 2.6) at 220 °C without using organic cross-linking agents, such as cyclodextrin or polymers. The formation of the nanosponge morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, and the assignment of the synthesized aluminosilicates to the kaolinite group was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the synthesis conditions, in particular, the nature (HCl, HF, NaOH, and H2O) and pH of the reaction medium (2.6, 7, and 12), as well as the duration of the synthesis (3, 6, and 12 days), on the morphology of aluminosilicates of the kaolinite group was studied. The sorption capacity of aluminosilicate nanosponges with respect to cationic (e.g., methylene blue) and anionic (e.g., azorubine) dyes in aqueous solutions was studied. The pH sensitivity of the surface ζ potential of the synthesized nanosponges was demonstrated. The dependence of the hemolytic activity (the ability to destroy erythrocytes) of aluminosilicate nanoparticles on the particle morphology (platy, spherical, and nanosponge) has been identified for the first time. Aluminosilicate nanosponges were not found to exhibit hemolytic activity. The prospects of using aluminosilicate nanosponges to prepare innovative functional materials for ecology and medicine applications, in particular, as matrices for drug delivery systems, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Golubeva
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova Emb., 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Yulia A Alikina
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova Emb., 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Tamara V Khamova
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova Emb., 2, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Vladimirova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academic Pavlov Str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Olga V Shamova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academic Pavlov Str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
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Refsnes M, Skuland T, Øvrevik J, Låg M. Role of scavenger receptors in silica nanoparticle-induced cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:100-106. [PMID: 34653535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in nanoparticle (NP) research is to elucidate how NPs activate initial targets in cells, leading to cytotoxicity and inflammation. We have previously shown that silica (Si)NPs induce pro-inflammatory responses in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) via mechanisms involving transforming growth factor (TGF)-α release, and activation of MAP-kinase p38 and JNK besides NF-κB (p65). In the present study, the roles of scavenger receptors (SRs) in SiNP-induced cytokine responses in BEAS-2B cells were examined by siRNA silencing. Cells exposed to Si10 and Si50 (nominal sizes 10 and 50 nm) showed marked interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β responses. Transient knockdown of SR-B1, LOX-1 and CXCL16 reduced the Si10- and Si50-induced cytokine responses, to a different magnitude dependent on the particle size, SR and cytokine. Si10-induced TGF-α responses were also markedly reduced by knockdown of SR-B1 and CXCL16. Furthermore, the role of SR-B1 in Si10-induced phosphorylations of p65 and MAP-kinases p38 and JNK were examined, and no significant reductions were observed upon knockdown of SR-B1. In conclusion, LOX-1 and CXCL16 and especially SR-B1 seem to have important roles in mediating cytokine responses and TGF-α release due to SiNP exposure in BEAS-2B cells, without a down-stream role of MAP-kinase and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
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Skuland T, Låg M, Gutleb AC, Brinchmann BC, Serchi T, Øvrevik J, Holme JA, Refsnes M. Pro-inflammatory effects of crystalline- and nano-sized non-crystalline silica particles in a 3D alveolar model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:13. [PMID: 32316988 PMCID: PMC7175518 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are among the most widely manufactured and used nanoparticles. Concerns about potential health effects of SiNPs have therefore risen. Using a 3D tri-culture model of the alveolar lung barrier we examined effects of exposure to SiNPs (Si10) and crystalline silica (quartz; Min-U-Sil) in the apical compartment consisting of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, as well as in the basolateral compartment with Ea.hy926 endothelial cells. Inflammation-related responses were measured by ELISA and gene expression. RESULTS Exposure to both Si10 and Min-U-Sil induced gene expression and release of CXCL8, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytokine/chemokine expression and protein levels were highest in the apical compartment. Si10 and Min-U-Sil also induced expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the apical compartment. In the basolateral endothelial compartment we observed marked, but postponed effects on expression of all these genes, but only at the highest particle concentrations. Geneexpressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the metalloproteases (MMP-1 and MMP-9) were less affected. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), markedly reduced effects of Si10 and Min-U-Sil exposures on gene expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, as well as cytokine-release in both compartments. CONCLUSIONS Si10 and Min-U-Sil induced gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/adhesion molecules at both the epithelial/macrophage and endothelial side of a 3D tri-culture. Responses in the basolateral endothelial cells were only induced at high concentrations, and seemed to be mediated by IL-1α/β released from the apical epithelial cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
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