1
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Seo JI, Nishigori C, Ahn JJ, Ryu JY, Lee J, Lee MH, Kim SK, Jeong KH. Whole Exome Sequencing of a Patient with a Milder Phenotype of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59040699. [PMID: 37109656 PMCID: PMC10144254 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A 17-year-old female Korean patient (XP115KO) was previously diagnosed with Xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) by Direct Sanger sequencing, which revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in the XPC gene (rs121965088: c.1735C > T, p.Arg579Ter). While rs121965088 is associated with a poor prognosis, our patient presented with a milder phenotype. Hence, we conducted whole-exome sequencing in the patient and her family members to detect coexisting mutations that may have resulted in a milder phenotype of rs121965088 through genetic interaction. Materials and Methods: the whole-exome sequencing analysis of samples obtained from the patient and her family members (father, mother, and brother) was performed. To identify the underlying genetic cause of XPC, the extracted DNA was analyzed using Agilent's SureSelect XT Human All Exon v5. The functional effects of the resultant variants were predicted using the SNPinfo web server, and structural changes in the XPC protein using the 3D protein modeling program SWISS-MODEL. Results: Eight biallelic variants, homozygous in the patient and heterozygous in her parents, were detected. Four were found in the XPC gene: one nonsense variant (rs121965088: c.1735C > T, p.Arg579Ter) and three silent variants (rs2227998: c.2061G > A, p. Arg687Arg; rs2279017: c.2251-6A > C, intron; rs2607775: c.-27G > C, 5'UTR). The remaining four variants were found in non-XP genes, including one frameshift variant [rs72452004 of olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily T member 35 (OR2T35)], three missense variants [rs202089462 of ALF transcription elongation factor 3 (AFF3), rs138027161 of TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein (TARP), and rs3750575 of annexin A7 (ANXA7)]. Conclusions: potential candidates for genetic interactions with rs121965088 were found. The rs2279017 and rs2607775 of XPC involved mutations in the intron region, which affected RNA splicing and protein translation. The genetic variants of AFF3, TARP, and ANXA7 are all frameshift or missense mutations, inevitably disturbing the translation and function of the resultant proteins. Further research on their functions in DNA repair pathways may reveal undiscovered cellular relationships within xeroderma pigmentosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-In Seo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 653-0002, Japan
| | - Jung Jin Ahn
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Ryu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junglok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Heon Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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OuYang X, Zhang D, Wang X, Yu S, Xiao Z, Li C. A new POLH mutation in a consanguineous Chinese family with xeroderma pigmentosum variant type. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:2069-2071. [PMID: 35984432 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a Chinese consanguineous family with a variant type of xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV), and identified one novel mutation in the patient. Our study expands the mutational spectrum of XPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang OuYang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Simin Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunming Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Muniesa-Vargas A, Theil AF, Ribeiro-Silva C, Vermeulen W, Lans H. XPG: a multitasking genome caretaker. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:166. [PMID: 35230528 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The XPG/ERCC5 endonuclease was originally identified as the causative gene for Xeroderma Pigmentosum complementation group G. Ever since its discovery, in depth biochemical, structural and cell biological studies have provided detailed mechanistic insight into its function in excising DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair, together with the ERCC1–XPF endonuclease. In recent years, it has become evident that XPG has additional important roles in genome maintenance that are independent of its function in NER, as XPG has been implicated in protecting replication forks by promoting homologous recombination as well as in resolving R-loops. Here, we provide an overview of the multitasking of XPG in genome maintenance, by describing in detail how its activity in NER is regulated and the evidence that points to important functions outside of NER. Furthermore, we present the various disease phenotypes associated with inherited XPG deficiency and discuss current ideas on how XPG deficiency leads to these different types of disease.
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4
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Tsutakawa SE, Bacolla A, Katsonis P, Bralić A, Hamdan SM, Lichtarge O, Tainer JA, Tsai CL. Decoding Cancer Variants of Unknown Significance for Helicase-Nuclease-RPA Complexes Orchestrating DNA Repair During Transcription and Replication. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:791792. [PMID: 34966786 PMCID: PMC8710748 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.791792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
All tumors have DNA mutations, and a predictive understanding of those mutations could inform clinical treatments. However, 40% of the mutations are variants of unknown significance (VUS), with the challenge being to objectively predict whether a VUS is pathogenic and supports the tumor or whether it is benign. To objectively decode VUS, we mapped cancer sequence data and evolutionary trace (ET) scores onto crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structures with variant impacts quantitated by evolutionary action (EA) measures. As tumors depend on helicases and nucleases to deal with transcription/replication stress, we targeted helicase–nuclease–RPA complexes: (1) XPB-XPD (within TFIIH), XPF-ERCC1, XPG, and RPA for transcription and nucleotide excision repair pathways and (2) BLM, EXO5, and RPA plus DNA2 for stalled replication fork restart. As validation, EA scoring predicts severe effects for most disease mutations, but disease mutants with low ET scores not only are likely destabilizing but also disrupt sophisticated allosteric mechanisms. For sites of disease mutations and VUS predicted to be severe, we found strong co-localization to ordered regions. Rare discrepancies highlighted the different survival requirements between disease and tumor mutations, as well as the value of examining proteins within complexes. In a genome-wide analysis of 33 cancer types, we found correlation between the number of mutations in each tumor and which pathways or functional processes in which the mutations occur, revealing different mutagenic routes to tumorigenesis. We also found upregulation of ancient genes including BLM, which supports a non-random and concerted cancer process: reversion to a unicellular, proliferation-uncontrolled, status by breaking multicellular constraints on cell division. Together, these genes and global analyses challenge the binary “driver” and “passenger” mutation paradigm, support a gradient impact as revealed by EA scoring from moderate to severe at a single gene level, and indicate reduced regulation as well as activity. The objective quantitative assessment of VUS scoring and gene overexpression in the context of functional interactions and pathways provides insights for biology, oncology, and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Tsutakawa
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amer Bralić
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John A Tainer
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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5
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Tsutakawa SE, Sarker AH, Ng C, Arvai AS, Shin DS, Shih B, Jiang S, Thwin AC, Tsai MS, Willcox A, Her MZ, Trego KS, Raetz AG, Rosenberg D, Bacolla A, Hammel M, Griffith JD, Cooper PK, Tainer JA. Human XPG nuclease structure, assembly, and activities with insights for neurodegeneration and cancer from pathogenic mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14127-38. [PMID: 32522879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921311117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is essential to life and to avoidance of genome instability and cancer. Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) protein acts in multiple DNA repair pathways, both as an active enzyme and as a scaffold for coordinating with other repair proteins. We present here the structure of the catalytic domain responsible for its DNA binding and nuclease activity. Our analysis provides structure-based hypotheses for how XPG recognizes its bubble DNA substrate and predictions of the structural impacts of XPG disease mutations associated with two phenotypically distinct diseases: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP, skin cancer prone) or Cockayne syndrome (XP/CS, severe progressive developmental defects). Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) protein is both a functional partner in multiple DNA damage responses (DDR) and a pathway coordinator and structure-specific endonuclease in nucleotide excision repair (NER). Different mutations in the XPG gene ERCC5 lead to either of two distinct human diseases: Cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-G) or the fatal neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne syndrome (XP-G/CS). To address the enigmatic structural mechanism for these differing disease phenotypes and for XPG’s role in multiple DDRs, here we determined the crystal structure of human XPG catalytic domain (XPGcat), revealing XPG-specific features for its activities and regulation. Furthermore, XPG DNA binding elements conserved with FEN1 superfamily members enable insights on DNA interactions. Notably, all but one of the known pathogenic point mutations map to XPGcat, and both XP-G and XP-G/CS mutations destabilize XPG and reduce its cellular protein levels. Mapping the distinct mutation classes provides structure-based predictions for disease phenotypes: Residues mutated in XP-G are positioned to reduce local stability and NER activity, whereas residues mutated in XP-G/CS have implied long-range structural defects that would likely disrupt stability of the whole protein, and thus interfere with its functional interactions. Combined data from crystallography, biochemistry, small angle X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy unveil an XPG homodimer that binds, unstacks, and sculpts duplex DNA at internal unpaired regions (bubbles) into strongly bent structures, and suggest how XPG complexes may bind both NER bubble junctions and replication forks. Collective results support XPG scaffolding and DNA sculpting functions in multiple DDR processes to maintain genome stability.
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6
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Pradhan S, Sarma H, Mattaparthi VSK. Investigation of the probable homo-dimer model of the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) protein to represent the DNA-binding core. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3322-3336. [PMID: 30205752 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1517051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) protein functions as a primary damage verifier and as a scaffold protein in nucleotide excision repair (NER) in all higher organisms. New evidence of XPA's existence as a dimer and the redefinition of its DNA-binding domain (DBD) raises new questions regarding the stability and functional position of XPA in NER. Here, we have investigated XPA's dimeric status with respect to its previously defined DBD (XPA98-219) as well as with its redefined DBD (XPA98-239). We studied the stability of XPA98-210 and XPA98-239 homo-dimer systems using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, and we have also characterized the protein-protein interactions (PPI) of these two homo-dimeric forms of XPA. After conducting the root mean square deviation (RMSD) analyses, it was observed that the XPA98-239 homo-dimer has better stability than XPA98-210. It was also found that XPA98-239 has a larger number of hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions than the XPA98-210 homo-dimer. We further found that Lys, Glu, Gln, Asn, and Arg residues shared the major contribution toward the intermolecular interactions in XPA homo-dimers. The binding free energy (BFE) analysis, which used the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann method (MM-PBSA) and the generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation model (GBSA) for both XPA homo-dimers, also substantiated the positive result in favor of the stability of the XPA98-239 homo-dimer. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Pradhan
- a Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India
| | - Himakshi Sarma
- a Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- a Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India
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7
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Gutierrez D, Gaulding J, Motta Beltran A, Lim H, Pritchett E. Photodermatoses in skin of colour. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1879-1886. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gutierrez
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology New York University New York NY USA
| | - J.V. Gaulding
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA
| | | | - H.W. Lim
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA
| | - E.N. Pritchett
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA
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8
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Tamesada Y, Nakano E, Tsujimoto M, Masaki T, Yoshida K, Niizeki H, Nishigori C. Japanese case of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C with a novel mutation. J Dermatol 2018; 45:e80-e81. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Tamesada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Eiji Nakano
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Mariko Tsujimoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Taro Masaki
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hironori Niizeki
- Department of Dermatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
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9
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Espi P, Parajuli S, Benfodda M, Lebre AS, Paudel U, Grange A, Grybek V, Grange T, Soufir N, Grange F. Clinical and genetic characteristics of xeroderma pigmentosum in Nepal. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:832-839. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Espi
- Department of Dermatology; Robert Debré Hospital; Reims France
| | - S. Parajuli
- Department of Dermatology; Maharajgunj Medical Canpus; Tribhuvan University; Katmandu Nepal
| | - M. Benfodda
- Department of Genetics; Bichat Hospital; Paris France
- INSERM U976; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - A.-S. Lebre
- Department of Genetics; Maison Blanche Hospital; Reims France
| | - U. Paudel
- Department of Dermatology; Maharajgunj Medical Canpus; Tribhuvan University; Katmandu Nepal
| | - A. Grange
- Department of Dermatology; Robert Debré Hospital; Reims France
| | - V. Grybek
- Department of Genetics; Maison Blanche Hospital; Reims France
| | - T. Grange
- INSERM U1148; Bichat Hospital; Paris France
| | - N. Soufir
- Department of Genetics; Bichat Hospital; Paris France
- INSERM U976; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - F. Grange
- Department of Dermatology; Robert Debré Hospital; Reims France
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10
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Abstract
Reticulate pigmentary disorders are a group of disorders characterized by hyper- and/or hypopigmented macules with varying sizes and amounts of pigment. Some of the disorders are heritable, such as Dowling-Degos disease, dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura and X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder. Although each condition possesses unique phenotypic characteristics and the prognosis for each is somewhat different, there is a large degree of overlap between the disorders and therefore they are difficult to differentiate in the clinical setting. This updated review provides a clinical and molecular delineation of these genetic reticulate pigmentary disorders and aims to establish a concise diagnostic strategy to allow clinical dermatologists to make an accurate diagnosis, as well as to provide useful information for clinical and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yang Y, Yao X, Luo Y, Zhao L, Zhou B, Tu M, Zhao R. Identification of a novel mutation confirms phenotypic variability of mutant XPG truncations. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:e149-e151. [PMID: 28251620 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Yang
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Yao
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqi Luo
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China.,The Department of dermatology, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China.,The Department of dermatology, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
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12
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Zhang J, Cheng R, Yu X, Sun Z, Li M, Yao Z. Expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of xeroderma pigmentosum in Chinese population. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2017; 33:58-63. [PMID: 27982466 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhonghui Sun
- Department of Dermatology; Fengxian Institute of Dermatosis Prevention; Shanghai China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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13
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Zhou EY, Wang H, Lin Z, Xu G, Ma Z, Zhao J, Feng C, Duo L, Yin J, Yang Y. Clinical and molecular epidemiological study of xeroderma pigmentosum in China: A case series of 19 patients. J Dermatol 2016; 44:71-75. [PMID: 27607234 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eray Yihui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
- Department of Dermatology; Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Medical Center; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Beijing China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
| | - Guiwen Xu
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
| | - Cheng Feng
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
| | - Lina Duo
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University First Hospital; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Beijing China
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14
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Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is essential for removing many types of DNA lesions from the genome, yet the mechanisms of NER in humans remain poorly understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the structure, biochemistry, interaction partners, mechanisms, and disease-associated mutations of one of the critical NER proteins, XPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sugitani
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - Robert M Sivley
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - Kelly E Perry
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - John A Capra
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States.
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Bowden NA, Beveridge NJ, Ashton KA, Baines KJ, Scott RJ. Understanding Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Groups Using Gene Expression Profiling after UV-Light Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15985-96. [PMID: 26184184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with the recessive genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) have extreme sensitivity to UV-light, a 10,000-fold increase in skin cancers from age 2 and rarely live beyond 30 years. There are seven genetic subgroups of XP, which are all resultant of pathogenic mutations in genes in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and a XP variant resultant of a mutation in translesion synthesis, POLH. The clinical symptoms and severity of the disease is varied across the subgroups, which does not correlate with the functional position of the affected protein in the NER pathway. The aim of this study was to further understand the biology of XP subgroups, particularly those that manifest with neurological symptoms. Whole genome gene expression profiling of fibroblasts from each XP complementation group was assessed before and after UV-light exposure. The biological pathways with altered gene expression after UV-light exposure were distinct for each subtype and contained oncogenic related functions such as perturbation of cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Patients from the subgroups XP-B and XP-F were the only subgroups to have transcripts associated with neuronal activity altered after UV-light exposure. This study will assist in furthering our understanding of the different subtypes of XP which will lead to better diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fassihi
- UK National XP Service; St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust; London U.K
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