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Pinkas M, Brzozowski T. The Role of the Myokine Irisin in the Protection and Carcinogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38671861 PMCID: PMC11047509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered irisin, a member of the myokines family, is a potential mediator of exercise-induced energy metabolism and a factor promoting browning of the white adipose tissue. Recent evidence indicates that this myokine, released from contracting muscles, can mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on health. Irisin may be a potential therapeutic agent against obesity and has been shown to play an important role in the protection of various cells, tissues, and organs due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-cancer properties. Our aim was to review the recent experimental and clinical studies on irisin and its expression, release into the bloodstream, tissue targets, and potential contribution to the protective effects of exercise in the gastrointestinal tract. Particular emphasis was placed on inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, periodontitis, and other digestive tract disorders, including carcinogenesis. Overall, irisin holds significant potential as a novel target molecule, offering a safe and therapeutic approach to treating various gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pinkas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
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Park SS, Farwa U, Kim HD, Kim YS, Lee BT. Bone formation by Irisin-Poly vinyl alchol modified bioglass ceramic beads in the rabbit model. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2024; 35:23. [PMID: 38526676 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In the aging society, slow bone regeneration poses a serious hindrance to the quality of life. To deal with this problem, in this study, we have combined irisin with the bioglass regular beads to enhance the bone regeneration process. For this purpose, highly porous bioglass was obtained as spherical beads by using sodium alginate. The bioglass was evaluated by various analytical techniques such as SEM, EDS, XRD, and pore size distribution. The results depicted that porous bioglass was prepared correctly and SEM analysis showed a highly porous bioglass was formulated. On this bioglass, irisin was loaded with the assistance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in three concentrations (50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 150 ng/ml per 1 g of bioglass). SEM analysis showed that pores are covered with PVA. The irisin release profile showed a sustained release over the time period of 7 days. In vitro, biocompatibility evaluation by the MC3T3E1 cells showed that prepared bioglass and irisin loaded bioglass (BGI50, BGI100, and BG150) are highly biocompatible. Alizarin Red staining analysis showed that after 2 weeks BGI50 samples showed highest calcium nodule formation. In vivo in the rabbit femur model was conducted for 1 and 2 months. BGI150 samples showed highest BV/TV ratio of 37.1 after 2 months. The histological data showed new bone formation surrounding the beads and with beads loaded with irisin. Immunohistochemistry using markers OPN, RUNX, COL, and ALP supported the osteogenic properties of the irisin-loaded bioglass beads. The results indicated that irisin-loaded bioglass displayed remarkable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Su Park
- Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ume Farwa
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Doo Kim
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Nan K, Zhang Y, Song K, Geng Z, Shang D, Guan X, Fan L. A novel injectable hydrogel prepared from phenylboronic acid modified gelatin and oxidized-dextran for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129666. [PMID: 38272405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Complicated fractures have always been challenging in orthopaedics. Designing a multifunctional biomaterial that can contribute to the treatment of fractures using a simple operation remains challenging. Here, we developed a trinity hydrogel system consisting of hydrogel prepared from phenylboronic acid modified gelatin and oxidized-dextran, lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs), and irisin. This hydrogel material exhibits considerable injectability, fat-to-shape, and self-healing characteristics. In addition, compared to hydrogel prepared from gelatin and oxidized-dextran, the hydrogel material presented a noticeable enhancement in compression stress and adhesion strength towards porcine bone fragments, which enables it more effectively splice bone fragments during surgery. Based on the various interactions between irisin and the hydrogel network, the system exhibited a clear sustained release of irisin. Based on the results of in vitro cell tests, the hydrogel material showed good cytocompatibility. And it also considerably enhanced the in vitro pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic capacities of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo experimental results indicated that this hydrogel considerably improved the repair of cranial defects in rats. The current study provides a feasible strategy for the treatment of bone fractures and stimulation of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Nan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Keke Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zilong Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Donglong Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Guan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Qiu M, Bae KB, Liu G, Jang JH, Koh JT, Hwang YC, Lee BN. Osteolectin Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2023; 49:1660-1667. [PMID: 37774945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteolectin is a secreted glycoprotein of the C-type lectin domain superfamily, expressed in bone tissues and is reported as a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone regeneration. However, the effect of osteolectin on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the odontoblastic differentiation of osteolectin in hDPCs and further attempt to reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cytotoxicity assays were used to detect the cytotoxicity of osteolectin. The odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs and its underlying mechanisms were measured by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized spots formation, and the gene and protein expression of odontoblastic differentiation through ALP staining, Alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS WST-1 assay showed osteolectin at concentrations below 300 ng/ml was noncytotoxic and safe for hDPCs. The following experiment demonstrated that osteolectin could increase ALP activity, accelerate the mineralization process, and up-regulate the odontogenic differentiation markers in both gene and protein levels (P < .05). Osteolectin stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Protein kinase B (AKT) in hDPCs. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT inhibitors decreased ALP activity and mineralization capacity and suppressed the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1. CONCLUSION Osteolectin can promote odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs, and the whole process may stimulate ERK, JNK, and AKT signaling pathways by increasing p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-AKT signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Qiu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Liu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hyun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research, Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Y, Pullisaar H, Stunes AK, Nogueira LP, Syversen U, Reseland JE. Irisin reduces orthodontic tooth movement in rats by promoting the osteogenic potential in the periodontal ligament. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:842-853. [PMID: 37209709 PMCID: PMC10687601 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Positive effects of irisin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells have been identified previously, this study aims to examine its effect on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary right first molars of male Wistar rats (n = 21) were moved mesially for 14 days, with submucosal injection of two dosages of irisin (0.1 or 1 μg) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) every third day. OTM was recorded by feeler gauge and micro-computed tomography (μCT). Alveolar bone and root volume were analysed using μCT, and plasma irisin levels by ELISA. Histological characteristics of PDL tissues were examined, and the expression of collagen type I, periostin, osteocalcin (OCN), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in PDL was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Repeated 1 μg irisin injections suppressed OTM on days 6, 9, and 12. No significant differences were observed in OTM in the 0.1 μg irisin group, or in bone morphometric parameters, root volume or plasma irisin, compared to control. Resorption lacunae and hyalinization were found at the PDL-bone interface on the compression side in the control, whereas they were scarce after irisin administration. The expression of collagen type I, periostin, OCN, vWF, and FNDC5 in PDL was enhanced by irisin administration. LIMITATIONS The feeler gauge method may overestimate OTM. CONCLUSIONS Submucosal irisin injection reduced OTM by enhancing osteogenic potential of PDL, and this effect was more significant on the compression side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lu X, Xie H, Ju Y, Fu Y, Liu S, Zhao S. Role of CPNE1 in Odontoblastic Differentiation of Rat Stem Cells from Apical Papilla. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300054. [PMID: 37132099 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CPNE1 is a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein that is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs. This study investigates the expression and localization of CPNE1 in tooth germ development and the role of CPNE1 in odontoblastic differentiation. In rat tooth germs, CPNE1 is expressed in the odontoblasts and ameloblasts since the late bell stage. The depletion of CPNE1 in the stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) clearly inhibits the expression of odontoblastic-related genes and the formation of mineralized nodules during differentiation, while CPNE1 overexpression promotes this process. In addition, CPNE1 overexpression increases AKT phosphorylation during the odontoblastic differentiation of SCAPs. Furthermore, treatment with AKT inhibitor (MK2206) reduces the expression of odontoblastic-related genes in CPNE1 over-expressed SCAPs, and Alizarin Red staining shows reduced mineralization. These results suggest that CPNE1 plays a role in the tooth germ development as well as the odontblastic differentiation of SCAPs in vitro that is related to the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Yunyu Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Disease, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
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Ariano A, Posa F, Storlino G, Mori G. Molecules Inducing Dental Stem Cells Differentiation and Bone Regeneration: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9897. [PMID: 37373044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells that promote tooth growth and repair. Dental tissues, specifically the dental pulp and the dental bud, constitute a relevant source of multipotent stem cells, known as dental-derived stem cells (d-DSCs): dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dental bud stem cells (DBSCs). Cell treatment with bone-associated factors and stimulation with small molecule compounds are, among the available methods, the ones who show excellent advantages promoting stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Recently, attention has been paid to studies on natural and non-natural compounds. Many fruits, vegetables, and some drugs contain molecules that can enhance MSC osteogenic differentiation and therefore bone formation. The purpose of this review is to examine research work over the past 10 years that has investigated two different types of MSCs from dental tissues that are attractive targets for bone tissue engineering: DPSCs and DBSCs. The reconstruction of bone defects, in fact, is still a challenge and therefore more research is needed; the articles reviewed are meant to identify compounds useful to stimulate d-DSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We only consider the results of the research which is encouraging, assuming that the mentioned compounds are of some importance for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ariano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Ali M, Farwa U, Park SS, Kim YS, Lee BT. Physico-biological and in vivo evaluation of irisin loaded 45S5 porous bioglass granules for bone regeneration. Biomater Adv 2023; 147:213326. [PMID: 36758281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the physico-biological and in-vivo evaluation of irisin loaded 45S5 bioglass bone graft for enhancing osteoblastic differentiation and bone regeneration in rat femur head defect model. Highly porous structure was obtained in the bioglass by burn-out process with varying the concentration of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres. 10 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a binder for the sustain releasing of irisin on porous bioglass. Different concentrations of irisin were loaded on the selected bioglass samples and these were further evaluated for the biocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation properties. The in vitro results demonstrated not only its biocompatibility but also that it stimulated pre-osteoblast differentiation. The in vivo data showed new bone formation as well as expression of osteogenic proteins like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen-1 (Col-1). Our results support the use of irisin loaded bioglass for the use of early bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ume Farwa
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Su Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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Ye S, Xin X, Wei B, Zeng L. Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of human dental pulp stem cells during odontogenic differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105603. [PMID: 36516691 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is essential for dentin formation and regeneration, emerging evidence revealed that epigenetic regulation plays vital roles in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The purpose of this study was to explore the genome-wide DNA methylation changes during odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. DESIGN hDPSCs were isolated from young healthy premolars and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was taken to detect the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of hDPSCs during odontogenic differentiation. Genome-wide DNA methylation map, differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed. RESULTS We found a totally different DNA methylation patterns during the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. A total of 9309 differentially methylated genes (DMG) were identified. Bio-information analysis revealed that calcium signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and HTLV-I infection signaling pathways may play potential roles in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. NOTCH1, WNT7B, and AXIN2 proteins were related with calcium signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a comprehensive analysis of global DNA methylation profiles in odontogeinc differentiation of hDPSCs and provided several possible underlying signaling pathways and candidate genes that may regulate the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjia Ye
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; China
| | - Xianzhen Xin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Special Clinic, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; China.
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Liu G, Yang Y, Min KS, Lee BN, Hwang YC. Odontogenic Effect of Icariin on the Human Dental Pulp Cells. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58030434. [PMID: 35334610 PMCID: PMC8948804 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) can be used for dentin regeneration due to its odontogenic differentiation property. Icariin can induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, its potential to induce odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of icariin to induce odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of icariin to HDPCs. Effect of icariin on HDPCs chemotaxis was measured by scratch migration assay. The mineralized and odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). In addition, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of icariin-induced biomineralization was investigated by Western blot. Results: Cells treated with icariin at all concentrations tested maintained viability, indicating that icariin was biocompatible. Icariin accelerated HDPCs chemotaxis (p < 0.05). Expression levels of related odontogenic markers were increased in the presence of icariin (p < 0.05). Icariin-induced odontogenic differentiation occurred via activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, MAPK inhibitors suppressed expression levels of DSPP and DMP 1 protein, ALP activity, and mineralization of HDPCs. Conclusions: Icariin can upregulate odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs by triggering the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (G.L.); (B.-N.L.)
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Dental Implant Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (G.L.); (B.-N.L.)
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (G.L.); (B.-N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-5831
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11
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Li L, Wen Y, Jiang L, Zhu YQ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway is involved in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105312. [PMID: 34808514 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER-resident kinase (PERK) was a major transducer of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and it directly phosphorylated α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), which specifically promoted the translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), an important transcription factor in cells' differentiation. The purpose of this study was to establish whether ER stress mediated by PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was involved in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (DPCs). METHODS DPCs were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured in odontogenic medium. A recombinant lentiviral vector was constructed to transfect DPCs for PERK knockdown. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S staining were used to characterize the odontoblastic differentiation. Real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed to analyze the genes' expressions in DPCs' odontoblastic differentiation. The mRNA and protein levels of ER stress markers were examined by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS DPCs cultured in odontogenic media showed increased ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation. Notably, treatment with differentiation medium resulted in the up-regulation of genes, such as osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), splicing x-box binding protein-1 (sXBP1), ATF4 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Meanwhile, the expressions of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway proteins, phosphorylated PERK, phosphorylated eIF2α and ATF4, increased in odontoblastic induction cells compared with controls. Furthermore, inhibition of PERK (PERK knockdown) decreased ALP activity and matrix mineralization in DPCs accompanied by the decrease expression of phosphorylated eIF2α and ATF4. CONCLUSION These results suggested that PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was involved in the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Li
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Posa F, Colaianni G, Di Cosola M, Dicarlo M, Gaccione F, Colucci S, Grano M, Mori G. The Myokine Irisin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Bud-Derived MSCs. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10040295. [PMID: 33916859 PMCID: PMC8065887 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Irisin is a recently discovered protein, mainly produced in the muscle tissue, whose action is proving effective in many other tissues. The crosstalk between muscle and bone has been long since demonstrated, and physical activity has shown to have an impressive positive effect in both tissues. Irisin production increases with exercising and drops with sedentariness and aging, indicating that the molecule is involved in sarcopenia and in bone mass reduction. Although skeleton is target of irisin, its mechanism of action on bone cells has not yet been completely elucidated. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of irisin on osteoblast differentiation; to this purpose, we used a stem cell model reproducing the osteoblastogenesis and the bone-forming processes. We performed an in vitro study exploring the main osteoblast markers in the presence of irisin. We found that irisin has an impressive effect on the most peculiar osteoblast feature: the bone mineral matrix secretion process. Moreover, irisin demonstrated an inductive effect on osteoblast osteocalcin production. Both results suggest a stimulating effect of irisin in bone formation. The association we observed between irisin addition and osteoblast osteocalcin production should be further investigated. Abstract The myokine irisin, well known for its anabolic effect on bone tissue, has been demonstrated to positively act on osteoblastic differentiation processes in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in precision medicine and translational research for several decades due to their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be easily cultured and manipulated. Dental bud stem cells (DBSCs) are MSCs, isolated from dental tissues, that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this study, we analyzed, for the first time, the effects of irisin on DBSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Our results indicated that DBSCs were responsive to irisin, showed an enhanced expression of osteocalcin (OCN), a late marker of osteoblast differentiation, and displayed a greater mineral matrix deposition. These findings lead to deepening the mechanism of action of this promising molecule, as part of osteoblastogenesis process. Considering the in vivo studies of the effects of irisin on skeleton, irisin could improve bone tissue metabolism in MSC regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Gaccione
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.); (M.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
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