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Li L, Xu X, Xiao M, Huang C, Cao J, Zhan S, Guo J, Zhong T, Wang L, Yang L, Zhang H. The Profiles and Functions of RNA Editing Sites Associated with High-Altitude Adaptation in Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude environments dramatically influenced the genetic evolution of vertebrates. However, little is known about the role of RNA editing on high-altitude adaptation in non-model species. Here, we profiled the RNA editing sites (RESs) of heart, lung, kidney, and longissimus dorsi muscle from Tibetan cashmere goats (TBG, 4500 m) and Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMG, 1200 m) to reveal RNA editing-related functions of high-altitude adaptation in goats. We identified 84,132 high-quality RESs that were unevenly distributed across the autosomes in TBG and IMG, and more than half of the 10,842 non-redundant editing sites were clustered. The majority (62.61%) were adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) sites, followed by cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) sites (19.26%), and 32.5% of them had a significant correlation with the expression of catalytic genes. Moreover, A-to-I and C-to-U RNA editing sites had different flanking sequences, amino acid mutations, and alternative splicing activity. TBG had higher editing levels of A-to-I and C-to-U than IMG in the kidney, whereas a lower level was found in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Furthermore, we identified 29 IMG and 41 TBG population-specific editing sites (pSESs) and 53 population-differential editing sites (pDESs) that were functionally involved in altering RNA splicing or recoding protein products. It is worth noting that 73.3% population-differential, 73.2% TBG-specific, and 80% IMG-specific A-to-I sites were nonsynonymous sites. Moreover, the pSESs and pDESs editing-related genes play critical functions in energy metabolisms such as ATP binding molecular function, translation, and adaptive immune response, which may be linked to goat high-altitude adaptation. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the adaptive evolution of goats and studying plateau-related diseases.
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Kawęcka A, Podbielska A, Miksza-cybulska A, Pasternak M, Sikora J, Szmatoła T. Genetic structure of reconstituted native Carpathian goat breed based on information from microsatellite markers. Annals of Animal Science 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic structure of the reconstituted native Carpathian goat breed based on information from microsatellite markers. The study analysed of 14 microsatellite markers recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) for goats individual identification and parentage testing. Blood samples were taken from 249 Carpathian goats from 14 farms. All microsatellite markers deployed in this analysis showed sufficient polymorphism to assess genetic variation in Carpathian goats and the ISAG-recommended panel for goat individual identification and parentage testing is a highly useful one. The present study showed the status of the genetic structure of the reconstituted population of Carpathian goats. Carpathian goats maintained in Poland were characterized by relatively high genetic diversity (the average of alleles per locus was 9.143), high values of heterozygosity and a low level of inbreeding coefficient. The obtained parameters indicate the correctness of the breeding activities carried out within the framework of the programme for the protection of genetic resources and give guidelines for taking further steps related to the breeding of this valuable native breed.
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Meng Y, Zhang B, Qin Z, Chen Y, Shan X, Sun L, Jiang H. Stepwise Method and Factor Scoring in Multiple Regression Analysis of Cashmere Production in Liaoning Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1886. [PMID: 35892536 PMCID: PMC9331259 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liaoning cashmere goat is a well-known local cashmere goat breed in China and even in the world. It is famous for producing cashmere with superior quality and high yield. Cashmere yield, body measurements, and body weight are the primary indicators of cashmere goat breeding, but the correlation between them is not yet clear. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between certain body measurements, body weight, and cashmere yield in Liaoning cashmere goats using stepwise and factor score analyses in a multiple regression analysis. For this purpose, the body measurements (body slanting length (BSL), body height (BH), chest circumference (CC), pipe circumference (PC), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), hip breadth (HB), body weight (BW) and cashmere yield (CY)) of 200 (2-year-old) Liaoning cashmere goats were collected. Stepwise analysis of the results showed that body weight had the greatest direct effect on cashmere yield, followed by hip breadth, while chest circumference mainly affected cashmere yield indirectly. The results of factor score analysis showed that the independent variable can be represented by two factors, which explained 49.596% and 12.095% of the total variance, respectively. The factor scores used in the regression analysis explained 75.8% of the total variance in Liaoning cashmere yield. The above studies show that the growth traits of Liaoning cashmere goats are closely related to the cashmere yield. Growth traits should be considered important factors in breed selection, germplasm identification, and rearing.
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Hall SJG. Genetic Differentiation among Livestock Breeds—Values for Fst. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1115. [PMID: 35565543 PMCID: PMC9103131 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The degree of relationship among livestock breeds can be quantified by the Fst statistic, which measures the extent of genetic differentiation between them. An Fst value of 0.1 has often been taken as indicating that two breeds are indeed genetically distinct, but this concept has not been evaluated critically. Here, Fst values have been collated for the six major livestock species: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and chickens. These values are remarkably variable both within and between species, demonstrating that Fst > 0.1 is not a reliable criterion for breed distinctiveness. However, the large body of Fst data accumulated in the last 20–30 years represents an untapped database that could contribute to the development of interdisciplinary research involving livestock breeds. Abstract (1) Background: The Fst statistic is widely used to characterize between-breed relationships. Fst = 0.1 has frequently been taken as indicating genetic distinctiveness between breeds. This study investigates whether this is justified. (2) Methods: A database was created of 35,080 breed pairs and their corresponding Fst values, deduced from microsatellite and SNP studies covering cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and chickens. Overall, 6560 (19%) of breed pairs were between breeds located in the same country, 7395 (21%) between breeds of different countries within the same region, 20,563 (59%) between breeds located far apart, and 562 (1%) between a breed and the supposed wild ancestor of the species. (3) Results: General values for between-breed Fst were as follows, cattle: microsatellite 0.06–0.12, SNP 0.08–0.15; sheep: microsatellite 0.06–0.10, SNP 0.06–0.17; horses: microsatellite 0.04–0.11, SNP 0.08–0.12; goats: microsatellite 0.04–0.14, SNP 0.08–0.16; pigs: microsatellite 0.06–0.27, SNP 0.15–0.22; chickens: microsatellite 0.05–0.28, SNP 0.08–0.26. (4) Conclusions: (1) Large amounts of Fst data are available for a substantial proportion of the world’s livestock breeds, (2) the value for between-breed Fst of 0.1 is not appropriate owing to its considerable variability, and (3) accumulated Fst data may have value for interdisciplinary research.
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Olschewsky A, Hinrichs D. An Overview of the Use of Genotyping Techniques for Assessing Genetic Diversity in Local Farm Animal Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2016. [PMID: 34359144 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The number of local farm animal breeds is declining worldwide. However, these breeds have different degrees of genetic diversity. Measuring genetic diversity is important for the development of conservation strategies and, therefore, various genomic analysis techniques are available. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of these techniques in diversity studies of local breeds. In summary, a total of 133 worldwide studies that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig breeds were reviewed. The results show that over time, almost all available genomic techniques were used and various diversity parameters were calculated. Therefore, the present results provide a comprehensive overview of the application of these techniques in the field of local breeds. This can provide helpful insights into the advancement of the conservation of breeds with high genetic diversity. Abstract Globally, many local farm animal breeds are threatened with extinction. However, these breeds contribute to the high amount of genetic diversity required to combat unforeseen future challenges of livestock production systems. To assess genetic diversity, various genotyping techniques have been developed. Based on the respective genomic information, different parameters, e.g., heterozygosity, allele frequencies and inbreeding coefficient, can be measured in order to reveal genetic diversity between and within breeds. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of genotyping techniques in the field of local farm animal breeds. Therefore, a total of 133 studies across the world that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig breeds were reviewed. The results show that diversity of cattle was most often investigated with microsatellite use as the main technique. Furthermore, a large variety of diversity parameters that were calculated with different programs were identified. For 15% of the included studies, the used genotypes are publicly available, and, in 6%, phenotypes were recorded. In conclusion, the present results provide a comprehensive overview of the application of genotyping techniques in the field of local breeds. This can provide helpful insights to advance the conservation of breeds.
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Jin M, Lu J, Fei X, Lu Z, Quan K, Liu Y, Chu M, Di R, Wang H, Wei C. Genetic Signatures of Selection for Cashmere Traits in Chinese Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1905. [PMID: 33080940 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cashmere goats are a unique husbandry resource in China. These goats are well known for producing the highest cashmere yield and best fiber quality in the world. Although cashmere is highly valued and also known as “fiber gem” and “soft gold”, few studies have examined the genetic basis of cashmere traits in cashmere goats. Here, we identified selection signals by comparing Fst and XP-EHH (the cross population extend haplotype homozygosity test) of a non-cashmere breed (Huanghuai goat) with those of two cashmere breeds (Inner Mongolia and Liaoning cashmere goats). Two genes (WNT10A and CSN3) were potentially associated with cashmere traits. This information may be valuable for studying the genetic uniqueness of cashmere goats and elucidating the mechanisms underlying cashmere traits in cashmere goats. Abstract Inner Mongolia and Liaoning cashmere goats in China are well-known for their cashmere quality and yield. Thus, they are great models for identifying genomic regions associated with cashmere traits. Herein, 53 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, Liaoning cashmere goats and Huanghuai goats were genotyped, and 53,347 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were produced using the Illumina Caprine 50K SNP chip. Additionally, we identified some positively selected SNPs by analyzing Fst and XP-EHH. The top 5% of SNPs had selection signatures. After gene annotation, 222 and 173 candidate genes were identified in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning cashmere goats, respectively. Several genes were related to hair follicle development, such as TRPS1, WDR74, LRRC14, SPTLC3, IGF1R, PADI2, FOXP1, WNT10A and CSN3. Gene enrichment analysis of these cashmere trait-associated genes related 67 enriched signaling pathways that mainly participate in hair follicle development and stem cell pluripotency regulation. Furthermore, we identified 20 overlapping genes that were selected in both cashmere goat breeds. Among these overlapping genes, WNT10A and CSN3, which are associated with hair follicle development, are potentially involved in cashmere production. These findings may improve molecular breeding of cashmere goats in the future.
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KARSLI T. Assessment of genetic diversity and conservation priorities in some Turkish indigenous Hair goat populations by microsatellite loci. Indian J of Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity in livestock breeds is required for breeding studies, response to environmental changes and sustainable production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in Hair goats reared in 9 districts of Antalya province and to determine the populations that have the highest contribution to the total genetic diversity. For this purpose, 180 samples from 9 districts (Korkuteli-KRK, Elmalý-ELM, Kaþ-KAS, Demre-DMR, Manavgat- MNG, Gündoðmuþ-GND, Ýbradý-IBR, Akseki-AKS and Gazipaþa-GZP) of Antalya province were genotyped by 20 microsatellite loci. The mean number of alleles per locus for each population ranged from 8.45 (GND) to 9.25 (MNG), while mean number of effective allele varied between 5.40 (GND) and 6.22 (MNG). The lowest average observed heterozygosity was in the ELM populations (0.71) while the highest Ho value detected in KAS populations (0.78). Mean expected heterozygosity values varied from 0.80 (GND) to 0.84 (DMR, MNG). Mean PIC values ranged from 0.77 (GND, AKS) to 0.80 (DMR, MNG) in populations. Inbreeding coefficients were detected between 0.05 (KAS) and 0.13 (ELM) in district populations. According to two different methods, the highest contribution to the total genetic diversity comes from KAS (-0.244) and AKS populations (0.482). In conclusion, high genetic diversity and low level of inbreeding were determined in Turkish indigenous Hair goats. Hair goats have great potential for breeding studies and for adaptation to the environmental conditions that will possibly change in the future. Especially, genetic variation in KAS and AKS populations should be conserved.
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Ahmad HI, Ahmad MJ, Jabbir F, Ahmar S, Ahmad N, Elokil AA, Chen J. The Domestication Makeup: Evolution, Survival, and Challenges. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Yin RH, Wang YR, Zhao SJ, Yin RL, Bai M, Wang ZY, Zhu YB, Cong YY, Liu HY, Bai WL. LncRNA-599554 sponges miR-15a-5p to contribute inductive ability of dermal papilla cells through positive regulation of the expression of Wnt3a in cashmere goat. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Pallotti S, Valbonesi A, Yujie L, Jiyuan Y, Peirong T, Antonini M. Postnatal development of the skin follicle population in the chinese alashan left banner white cashmere goat. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pallotti S, Valbonesi A, Yujie L, Peirong T, Sarti FM, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Antonini M. Changes in fleece characteristics of yearling Chinese Alashan Left Banner White Cashmere goat. Small Rumin Res 2020; 182:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berihulay H, Li Y, Liu X, Gebreselassie G, Islam R, Liu W, Jiang L, Ma Y. Genetic diversity and population structure in multiple Chinese goat populations using a SNP panel. Anim Genet 2019; 50:242-249. [PMID: 30883837 DOI: 10.1111/age.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Information about genetic diversity and population structure among goat breeds is essential for genetic improvement, understanding of environmental adaptation as well as utilization and conservation of goat breeds. Here, we measured genetic diversity and population structure in multiple Chinese goat populations, namely, Nanjiang, Qinggeda, Arbas Cashmere, Jining Grey, Luoping Yellow and Guangfeng goats. A total of 193 individuals were genotyped for about 47 401 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found a high proportion of informative SNPs, ranging from 69.5% in the Luoping Yellow to 93.9% in the Jining Grey goat breeds with an average mean of 84.7%. Diversity, as measured by expected heterozygosity, ranged from 0.371 in Luoping Yellow to 0.405 in Jining Grey goat populations. The average estimated pair-wise genetic differentiation (FST ) among the populations was 8.6%, ranging from 0.2% to 16% and indicating low to moderate genetic differentiation. Principal component analysis, genetic structure and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a clustering of six Chinese goat populations according to geographic distribution. The results from this study can contribute valuable genetic information and can properly assist with within-breed diversity, which provides a good opportunity for sustainable utilization of and maintenance of genetic resource improvements in the Chinese goat populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Berihulay
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - G Gebreselassie
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - R Islam
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - W Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.,The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
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Liu G, Zhao Q, Lu J, Sun F, Han X, Zhao J, Feng H, Wang K, Liu C. Insights into the genetic diversity of indigenous goats and their conservation priorities. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 32:1501-1510. [PMID: 30744325 PMCID: PMC6718908 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of 26 Chinese indigenous goats by 30 microsatellite markers, and then to define conservation priorities to set up the protection programs according to the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic diversity. Methods Twenty-six representative populations of Chinese indigenous goats, 1,351 total, were sampled from different geographic regions of China. Within-breed genetic diversity and marker polymorphism were estimated calculating the mean number of alleles, observed heterozygosities, expected heterozygosities, fixation index, effective number of alleles and allelic richness. Conservation priorities were analyzed by statistical methods. Results A relatively high level of genetic diversity was found in twenty-four population; the exceptions were in the Daiyun and Fuqing goat populations. Within-breed kinship coefficient matrices identified seven highly inbred breeds which should be of concern. Of these, six breeds receive a negative contribution to heterozygosity when the method was based on proportional contribution to heterozygosity. Based on Weitzman or Piyasatian and Kinghorn methods, the breeds distant from others i.e. Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, Chengdu Brown goat and Leizhou goat obtain a high ranking. Evidence from Caballero and Toro and Fabuel et al method prioritized Jining Gray goat, Liaoning Cashmere goat, and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, which agree with results from Kinship-based methods. Conclusion Conservation priorities were determined according to multiple methods. Our results suggest Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (most methods), Jining Gray goat and Liaoning Cashmere goat (high contribution to heterozygosity and total diversity) should be prioritized based on most methods. Furthermore, Daiyun goat and Shannan White goat also should be prioritized based on consideration of effective population size. However, if one breed can continually survive under changing conditions, the straightforward approach would be to increase its utilization and attraction for production via mining breed germplasm characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianjun Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feizhou Sun
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu Han
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjin Zhao
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyong Feng
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chousheng Liu
- National Center for Preservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
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Pazzaglia I, Mercati F, Antonini M, Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Dall'Aglio C, La Terza A, Mozzicafreddo M, Nocelli C, Pallotti S, Pediconi D, Renieri C. PDGFA in Cashmere Goat: A Motivation for the Hair Follicle Stem Cells to Activate. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E38. [PMID: 30695990 PMCID: PMC6407032 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cashmere hair follicle (HF) perpetually goes through cycles of growth, involution and rest. The photoperiod is the main factor in the control of seasonal coat change in cashmere goats while stem cells play a crucial role in the HF growth. Several factors, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A (PDGFA), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) and Lim-Homeobox gene 2 (LHX2) are implicated in HF morphogenesis and cycle. In this work, the mentioned molecules were investigated to evaluate their role in follicular cycle activation. The study was performed on skin samples collected at different periods of HF cycle and the molecular expression of PDGFA, BMP2 and LHX2 was evaluated by Real-Time PCR (qPCR) at each time point. Since PDGFA showed the most variation, the goat PDGFA gene was sequenced and the protein localization was investigated by immunohistochemistry together with PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα). PDGFA immunostaining was observed in the basal layer of the HF outer root sheath and the immunoreaction appeared stronger in the regressive HFs compared to those in the anagen phase according to qPCR analysis. PDGFRα was observed in the HF epithelium, proving the effect of PDGFA on the follicular structure. The data obtained suggest that PDGFA and BMP2 are both implicated in HF cycle in goat. In particular, PDGFA secreted by the HF is involved in the anagen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pazzaglia
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mercati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Antonini
- Italian National Agency for New Technology, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA CR Casaccia-SSPT BIOAG Probio, S.M. di Galeria, 00123 Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Dall'Aglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonietta La Terza
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nocelli
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pallotti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Dario Pediconi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Pontoni 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Carlo Renieri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Kumar C, Song S, Jiang L, He X, Zhao Q, Pu Y, Malhi KK, Kamboh AA, Ma Y. Sequence Characterization of DSG3 Gene to Know Its Role in High-Altitude Hypoxia Adaptation in the Chinese Cashmere Goat. Front Genet 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 30510564 PMCID: PMC6254015 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan cashmere goat is one of the main goat breeds used by people living in the plateau. It exhibits the distinct phenotypic characteristics observed in lowland goats, allowing them to adapt to the challenging conditions at high altitudes. It provides an ideal model for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation and hypoxia-related diseases. Our previous exome sequencing of five Chinese cashmere breeds revealed a candidate gene, DSG3 (Desmoglein 3), responsible for the high-altitude adaptation of the Tibetan goat. However, the whole DSG3 gene (44 kbp) consisting of 16 exons in the goat genome was not entirely covered by the exome sequencing. In this study, we resequenced all the 16 exons of the DSG3 gene in ten Chinese native goat populations. Twenty-seven SNP variants were found between the lowland and highland goat populations. The genetic distance (FST) of significant SNPs between the lowland and highland populations ranged from 0.42 to 0.58. By using correlation coefficient analysis, linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype network construction, we found three non-synonymous SNPs (R597E, T595I, and G572S) in exon 5 and two synonymous SNPs in exons 8 and 16 in DSG3. These mutations significantly segregated high- and low-altitude goats in two clusters, indicating the contribution of DSG3 to the high-altitude hypoxia adaptation in the Tibetan goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandar Kumar
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Shen Song
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanwar Kumar Malhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Yuehui Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Domínguez MÁ, de la Rosa JDP, Landi V, de la Rosa JP, Vazquez N, Martínez Martínez A, Fuentes-Mascorro G. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of the Mexican Pastoreña Goat. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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E G, Zhao Y, Chen L, Ma Y, Chu M, Li X, Hong Q, Li L, Guo J, Zhu L, Han Y, Gao H, Zhang J, Jiang H, Jiang C, Wang G, Ren H, Jin M, Sun Y, Zhou P, Huang Y. Genetic diversity of the Chinese goat in the littoral zone of the Yangtze River as assessed by microsatellite and mtDNA. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5111-5123. [PMID: 29876086 PMCID: PMC5980450 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of goats in the Yangtze River region using microsatellite and mtDNA to better understand the current status of those goat genetic diversity and the effects of natural landscape in fashion of domestic animal genetic diversity. The genetic variability of 16 goat populations in the littoral zone of the Yangtze River was estimated using 21 autosomal microsatellites, which revealed high diversity and genetic population clustering with a dispersed geographical distribution. A phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop region (482 bp) was conducted in 494 goats from the Yangtze River region. In total, 117 SNPs were reconstructed, and 173 haplotypes were identified, 94.5% of which belonged to lineages A and B. Lineages C, D, and G had lower frequencies (5.2%), and lineage F haplotypes were undetected. Several high-frequency haplotypes were shared by different ecogeographically distributed populations, and the close phylogenetic relationships among certain low-frequency haplotypes indicated the historical exchange of genetic material among these populations. In particular, the lineage G haplotype suggests that some west Asian goat genetic material may have been transferred to China via Muslim migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Xin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yong‐Ju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li‐Peng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue‐Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Ming‐Xing Chu
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Xiang‐Long Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHebei Normal University of Science & TechnologyQinghuangdaoChina
| | - Qiong‐Hua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Scinence and Veterinary InstituteKunmingChina
| | - Lan‐Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyAgricultural University of HebeiBaoding, HebeiChina
| | - Ji‐Jun Guo
- Animal Husbandry Station of Qinghai ProvinceXining, QinghaiChina
| | - Lan Zhu
- Yunnan Animal Scinence and Veterinary InstituteKunmingChina
| | - Yan‐Guo Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hui‐Jiang Gao
- Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Hua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huai‐Zhi Jiang
- Animal Science and Technology CollegeJilin Agriculture UniversityChangchun, JilinChina
| | - Cao‐De Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Gao‐Fu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
| | | | - Mei‐Lan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan‐Zhi Sun
- Wuhan Tianyi Huiyuan Bioscience & Technology IncWuhanChina
| | - Peng Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐Fu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & HerbivoreChongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and UtilizationSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Pallotti S, Wang J, Tang P, Antonini M, Lou Y, Pieramati C, Valbonesi A, Renieri C. Variability of fibre quality on Chinese Alashan Left Banner White Cashmere goat. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1350121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallotti
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Tang
- Station for Livestock Improvement of Alashan Left Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Alashan Zoogi, P.R. China
| | - Marco Antonini
- Dipartimento Sostenibilità dei Sistemi Produttivi e Territoriali, ENEA SSPT BIOAG Probio, Roma, Italy
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Camillo Pieramati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Valbonesi
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Renieri
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Naqvi A, Bukhari J, Vahidi S, Utsunomiya Y, Garcia J, Babar ME, Han J, Pichler R, Periasamy K. Microsatellite based genetic diversity and mitochondrial DNA D-Loop variation in economically important goat breeds of Pakistan. Small Rumin Res 2017; 148:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Phyu PP, Pichler R, Soe O, Aung PP, Than M, Shamsuddin M, Diallo A, Periasamy K. Genetic diversity, population structure and phylogeography of Myanmar goats. Small Rumin Res 2017; 148:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Cao J, Li X, Du X, Zhao S. Microsatellite based genetic diversity and population structure of nine indigenous Chinese domestic goats. Small Rumin Res 2017; 148:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Periasamy K, Vahidi S, Silva P, Faruque M, Naqvi A, Basar M, Cao J, Zhao S, Thuy LT, Pichler R, Podesta MG, Shamsuddin M, Boettcher P, Garcia JF, Han JL, Marsan PA, Diallo A, Viljoen GJ. Mapping molecular diversity of indigenous goat genetic resources of Asia. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Thuy LT, Binh DV, Binh NT, Minh LQ, Thuy TTT, Ton ND, Ba NV, Han JL, Periasamy K. Evaluation of genetic diversity and structure of Vietnamese goat populations using multi locus microsatellite markers. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seilsuth S, Seo JH, Kong HS, Jeon GJ. Microsatellite Analysis of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Dairy Goats in Thailand. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:327-32. [PMID: 26950862 PMCID: PMC4811782 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genetic relationships between different populations and breeds of exotic dairy goats in Thailand were studied using 12 microsatellite markers. Blood samples were obtained from 211 goats from Department of Livestock Development breeding and research farms: 29 Anglonubian (AN), 21 Alpine (AP), 23 Jamunapari (JAM), 50 Saanen (SN), and 88 Toggenburg (TG). Five of the 12 microsatellite markers were found to be polymorphic. A mean of 7.40 alleles per locus was found, with a range from 5 (SPS115 and ETH225) to 11 (TGLA122). We found 24, 27, 19, 32, and 24 alleles in the AN, AP, JAM, SN, and TG breeds, respectively; 37 alleles were present in all breeds. The mean number of alleles in each population ranged from 3.2 (ETH225 locus) to 7.6 (TGLA122 locus). Genetic variability within the breeds was moderate as evidenced by the mean expected heterozygosity of 0.539. The average observed heterozygosity across the 5 markers in all breeds was 0.529 with the maximum observed at the BM1818 locus (0.772) and the minimum at the ETH225 locus (0.248). The observed and expected heterozygosity for all breeds for the 5 microsatellite markers ranged from 0.419 to 0.772 and 0.227 to 0.792, respectively. On the basis of their means, the TGLA122 and BM1818 loci were the most suitable markers for distinguishing genetic diversity among the goats. The estimated average F is value for the breeds ranged from -0.044 (ETH225) to 0.180 (SPS115), while the estimated average F st value ranged from 0.021 (SPS115) to 0.104 (ETH10). These results indicated that TGLA122 and BM1818 markers are suitable to be used for aiding conservation and breeding improvement strategies of dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somkiat Seilsuth
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Chadrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10902, Thailand ; Genetic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Joo Hee Seo
- Genetic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Hong Sik Kong
- Genetic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Gwang Joo Jeon
- Genetic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
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Song S, Yao N, Yang M, Liu X, Dong K, Zhao Q, Pu Y, He X, Guan W, Yang N, Ma Y, Jiang L. Exome sequencing reveals genetic differentiation due to high-altitude adaptation in the Tibetan cashmere goat (Capra hircus). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:122. [PMID: 26892324 PMCID: PMC4758086 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tibetan cashmere goat (Capra hircus), one of the most ancient breeds in China, has historically been a critical source of meat and cashmere production for local farmers. To adapt to the high-altitude area, extremely harsh climate, and hypoxic environment that the Tibetan cashmere goat lives in, this goat has developed distinct phenotypic traits compared to lowland breeds. However, the genetic components underlying this phenotypic adaptation remain largely unknown. RESULTS We obtained 118,700 autosomal SNPs through exome sequencing of 330 cashmere goats located at a wide geographic range, including the Tibetan Plateau and low-altitude regions in China. The great majority of SNPs showed low genetic differentiation among populations; however, approximately 2-3% of the loci showed more genetic differentiation than expected under a selectively neutral model. Together with a combined analysis of high- and low-altitude breeds, we revealed 339 genes potentially under high-altitude selection. Genes associated with cardiovascular system development were significantly enriched in our study. Among these genes, the most evident one was endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), which has been previously reported to be involved in complex oxygen sensing and significantly associated with high-altitude adaptation of human, dog, and grey wolf. The missense mutation Q579L that we identified in EPAS1, which occurs next to the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) domain, was exclusively enriched in the high-altitude populations. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights concerning the population variation in six different cashmere goat populations in China. The variants in cardiovascular system-related genes may explain the observed phenotypic adaptation of the Tibetan cashmere goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Song
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Na Yao
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Min Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuexue Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qianjun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yabin Pu
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohong He
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Weijun Guan
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Yuehui Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
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Benjelloun B, Alberto FJ, Streeter I, Boyer F, Coissac E, Stucki S, BenBati M, Ibnelbachyr M, Chentouf M, Bechchari A, Leempoel K, Alberti A, Engelen S, Chikhi A, Clarke L, Flicek P, Joost S, Taberlet P, Pompanon F. Characterizing neutral genomic diversity and selection signatures in indigenous populations of Moroccan goats (Capra hircus) using WGS data. Front Genet 2015; 6:107. [PMID: 25904931 PMCID: PMC4387958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the time of their domestication, goats (Capra hircus) have evolved in a large variety of locally adapted populations in response to different human and environmental pressures. In the present era, many indigenous populations are threatened with extinction due to their substitution by cosmopolitan breeds, while they might represent highly valuable genomic resources. It is thus crucial to characterize the neutral and adaptive genetic diversity of indigenous populations. A fine characterization of whole genome variation in farm animals is now possible by using new sequencing technologies. We sequenced the complete genome at 12× coverage of 44 goats geographically representative of the three phenotypically distinct indigenous populations in Morocco. The study of mitochondrial genomes showed a high diversity exclusively restricted to the haplogroup A. The 44 nuclear genomes showed a very high diversity (24 million variants) associated with low linkage disequilibrium. The overall genetic diversity was weakly structured according to geography and phenotypes. When looking for signals of positive selection in each population we identified many candidate genes, several of which gave insights into the metabolic pathways or biological processes involved in the adaptation to local conditions (e.g., panting in warm/desert conditions). This study highlights the interest of WGS data to characterize livestock genomic diversity. It illustrates the valuable genetic richness present in indigenous populations that have to be sustainably managed and may represent valuable genetic resources for the long-term preservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Benjelloun
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France ; National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Florian J Alberto
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton, UK
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Coissac
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Stucki
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed BenBati
- National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Ibnelbachyr
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Errachidia, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Tangier, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Tangier, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Bechchari
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Oujda, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Oujda, Morocco
| | - Kevin Leempoel
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Centre National de Séquençage, CEA-Institut de Génomique Genoscope, Évry, France
| | - Stefan Engelen
- Centre National de Séquençage, CEA-Institut de Génomique Genoscope, Évry, France
| | - Abdelkader Chikhi
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Errachidia, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton, UK
| | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - François Pompanon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
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Ajmone-marsan P, Colli L, Han J, Achilli A, Lancioni H, Joost S, Crepaldi P, Pilla F, Stella A, Taberlet P, Boettcher P, Negrini R, Lenstra J. The characterization of goat genetic diversity: Towards a genomic approach. Small Rumin Res 2014; 121:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Vahidi SMF, Tarang AR, Naqvi AUN, Falahati Anbaran M, Boettcher P, Joost S, Colli L, Garcia JF, Ajmone-Marsan P. Investigation of the genetic diversity of domestic Capra hircus breeds reared within an early goat domestication area in Iran. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:27. [PMID: 24742145 PMCID: PMC4044659 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-46-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iran is an area of particular interest for investigating goat diversity. Archaeological remains indicate early goat domestication (about 10 000 years ago) in the Iranian Zagros Mountains as well as in the high Euphrates valley and southeastern Anatolia. In addition, mitochondrial DNA data of domestic goats and wild ancestors (C. aegagrusor bezoar) suggest a pre-domestication management of wild populations in southern Zagros and central Iranian Plateau. In this study genetic diversity was assessed in seven Iranian native goat breeds, namely Markhoz, Najdi, Taleshi, Khalkhali, Naini, native Abadeh and Turki-Ghashghaei. A total of 317 animals were characterized using 14 microsatellite loci. Two Pakistani goat populations, Pahari and Teddy, were genotyped for comparison. Results Iranian goats possess a remarkable genetic diversity (average expected heterozygosity of 0.671 across loci, 10.7 alleles per locus) mainly accounted for by the within-breed component (GST = 5.9%). Positive and highly significant FIS values in the Naini, Turki-Ghashghaei, Abadeh and Markhoz breeds indicate some level of inbreeding in these populations. Multivariate analyses cluster Iranian goats into northern, central and western groups, with the western breeds relatively distinct from the others. Pakistani breeds show some relationship with Iranian populations, even if their position is not consistent across analyses. Gene flow was higher within regions (west, north, central) compared to between regions but particularly low between the western and the other two regions, probably due to the isolating topography of the Zagros mountain range. The Turki-Ghashghaei, Najdi and Abadeh breeds are reared in geographic areas where mtDNA provided evidence of early domestication. These breeds are highly variable, located on basal short branches in the neighbor-joining tree, close to the origin of the principal component analysis plot and, although highly admixed, they are quite distinct from those reared on the western side of the Zagros mountain range. Conclusions These observations call for further investigation of the nuclear DNA diversity of these breeds within a much wider geographic context to confirm or re-discuss the current hypothesis (based on maternal lineage data) of an almost exclusive contribution of the eastern Anatolian bezoar to the domestic goat gene pool.
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Wei C, Lu J, Xu L, Liu G, Wang Z, Zhao F, Zhang L, Han X, Du L, Liu C. Genetic structure of Chinese indigenous goats and the special geographical structure in the Southwest China as a geographic barrier driving the fragmentation of a large population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94435. [PMID: 24718092 PMCID: PMC3981790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China has numerous native domestic goat breeds, however, extensive studies are focused on the genetic diversity within the fewer breeds and limited regions, the population demograogic history and origin of Chinese goats are still unclear. The roles of geographical structure have not been analyzed in Chinese goat domestic process. In this study, the genetic relationships of Chinese indigenous goat populations were evaluated using 30 microsatellite markers. Methodology/Principal Findings Forty Chinese indigenous populations containing 2078 goats were sampled from different geographic regions of China. Moderate genetic diversity at the population level (HS of 0.644) and high population diversity at the species level (HT value of 0.737) were estimated. Significant moderate population differentiation was detected (FST value of 0.129). Significant excess homozygosity (FIS of 0.105) and recent population bottlenecks were detected in thirty-six populations. Neighbour-joining tree, principal components analysis and Bayesian clusters all revealed that Chinese goat populations could be subdivided into at least four genetic clusters: Southwest China, South China, Northwest China and East China. It was observed that the genetic diversity of Northern China goats was highest among these clusters. The results here suggested that the goat populations in Southwest China might be the earliest domestic goats in China. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggested that the current genetic structure of Chinese goats were resulted from the special geographical structure, especially in the Western China, and the Western goat populations had been separated by the geographic structure (Hengduan Mountains and Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River Line) into two clusters: the Southwest and Northwest. It also indicated that the current genetic structure was caused by the geographical origin mainly, in close accordance with the human’s migration history throughout China. This study provides a fundamental genetic profile for the conservation of these populations and better to understand the domestication process and origin of Chinese goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wei
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Center of Preservation & Utilization of Genetic Resources of Animal, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Center of Preservation & Utilization of Genetic Resources of Animal, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- National Center of Preservation & Utilization of Genetic Resources of Animal, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- National Center of Preservation & Utilization of Genetic Resources of Animal, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Du
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LD); (CL)
| | - Chousheng Liu
- National Center of Preservation & Utilization of Genetic Resources of Animal, National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LD); (CL)
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Zhong T, Zhao QJ, Niu LL, Wang J, Jin PF, Zhao W, Wang LJ, Li L, Zhang HP, Ma YH. Genetic phylogeography and maternal lineages of 18 Chinese black goat breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:1833-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu JB, Wang F, Lang X, Zha X, Sun XP, Yue YJ, Feng RL, Yang BH, Guo J. Analysis of Geographic and Pairwise Distances among Chinese Cashmere Goat Populations. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013; 26:323-33. [PMID: 25049794 PMCID: PMC4093469 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the geographic and pairwise distances of nine Chinese local Cashmere goat populations through the analysis of 20 microsatellite DNA markers. Fluorescence PCR was used to identify the markers, which were selected based on their significance as identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). In total, 206 alleles were detected; the average allele number was 10.30; the polymorphism information content of loci ranged from 0.5213 to 0.7582; the number of effective alleles ranged from 4.0484 to 4.6178; the observed heterozygosity was from 0.5023 to 0.5602 for the practical sample; the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.5783 to 0.6464; and Allelic richness ranged from 4.7551 to 8.0693. These results indicated that Chinese Cashmere goat populations exhibited rich genetic diversity. Further, the Wright’s F-statistics of subpopulation within total (FST) was 0.1184; the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 0.0940; and the average gene flow (Nm) was 2.0415. All pairwise FST values among the populations were highly significant (p<0.01 or p<0.001), suggesting that the populations studied should all be considered to be separate breeds. Finally, the clustering analysis divided the Chinese Cashmere goat populations into at least four clusters, with the Hexi and Yashan goat populations alone in one cluster. These results have provided useful, practical, and important information for the future of Chinese Cashmere goat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xia Lang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xi Zha
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yao-Jing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Rui-Lin Feng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Bo-Hui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Kijas JW, Ortiz JS, McCulloch R, James A, Brice B, Swain B, Tosser-Klopp G. Genetic diversity and investigation of polledness in divergent goat populations using 52 088 SNPs. Anim Genet 2012; 44:325-35. [PMID: 23216229 DOI: 10.1111/age.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The recent availability of a genome-wide SNP array for the goat genome dramatically increases the power to investigate aspects of genetic diversity and to conduct genome-wide association studies in this important domestic species. We collected and analysed genotypes from 52 088 SNPs in Boer, Cashmere and Rangeland goats that had both polled and horned individuals. Principal components analysis revealed a clear genetic division between animals for each population, and model-based clustering successfully detected evidence of admixture that matched aspects of their recorded history. For example, shared co-ancestry was detected, suggesting Boer goats have been introgressed into the Rangeland population. Further, allele frequency data successfully tracked the altered genetic profile that has taken place after 40 years of breeding Australian Cashmere goats using the Rangeland animals as the founding population. Genome-wide association mapping of the POLL locus revealed a strong signal on goat chromosome 1. The 769-kb critical interval contained the polled intersex syndrome locus, confirming the genetic basis in non-European animals is the same as identified previously in Saanen goats. Interestingly, analysis of the haplotypes carried by a small set of sex-reversed animals, known to be associated with polledness, revealed some animals carried the wild-type chromosome associated with the presence of horns. This suggests a more complex basis for the relationship between polledness and the intersex condition than initially thought while validating the application of the goat SNP50 BeadChip for fine-mapping traits in goat.
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Ling YH, Zhang XD, Yao N, Ding JP, Chen HQ, Zhang ZJ, Zhang YH, Ren CH, Ma YH, Zhang XR. Genetic differentiation of chinese indigenous meat goats ascertained using microsatellite information. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:177-82. [PMID: 25049548 PMCID: PMC4093133 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the genetic diversity of seven Chinese indigenous meat goat breeds (Tibet goat, Guizhou white goat, Shannan white goat, Yichang white goat, Matou goat, Changjiangsanjiaozhou white goat and Anhui white goat), explain their genetic relationship and assess their integrity and degree of admixture, 302 individuals from these breeds and 42 Boer goats introduced from Africa as reference samples were genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers. Results indicated that the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous meat goats was rich. The mean heterozygosity and the mean allelic richness (AR) for the 8 goat breeds varied from 0.697 to 0.738 and 6.21 to 7.35, respectively. Structure analysis showed that Tibet goat breed was genetically distinct and was the first to separate and the other Chinese goats were then divided into two sub-clusters: Shannan white goat and Yichang white goat in one cluster; and Guizhou white goat, Matou goat, Changjiangsanjiaozhou white goat and Anhui white goat in the other cluster. This grouping pattern was further supported by clustering analysis and Principal component analysis. These results may provide a scientific basis for the characteristization, conservation and utilization of Chinese meat goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China . ; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X D Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - N Yao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J P Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - H Q Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Z J Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - C H Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Y H Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X R Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China ; Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
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