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Lee S, Ohn J, Kang BM, Hwang ST, Kwon O. Activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 promotes hair growth in human hair follicles. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00351-X. [PMID: 37972887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hair loss is a common phenomenon associated with various environmental and genetic factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress has been recognized as a crucial determinant of hair follicle (HF) biology. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mitigates oxidative stress by detoxifying acetaldehyde. This study investigated the potential role of ALDH2 modulation in HF function and hair growth promotion. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of ALDH2 activation on oxidative stress in HFs and hair growth promotion. METHODS The modulatory role of ALDH2 on HFs was investigated using an ALDH2 activator. ALDH2 expression in human HFs was evaluated through in vitro immunofluorescence staining. Ex vivo HF organ culture was employed to assess hair shaft elongation, while the fluorescence probe 2',7'- dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was utilized to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). An in vivo mouse model was used to determine whether ALDH2 activation induces anagen. RESULTS During the anagen phase, ALDH2 showed significantly higher intensity than that in the telogen phase, and its expression was primarily localized along the outer layer of HFs. ALDH2 activation promoted anagen phase induction by reducing ROS levels and enhancing reactive aldehyde clearance, which indicated that ALDH2 functions as a ROS scavenger within HFs. Moreover, ALDH2 activation upregulated Akt/GSK 3β/β-catenin signaling in HFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the hair growth promotion effects of ALDH2 activation in HFs and its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for promoting anagen induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | | | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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Lee SH, Kang H, Lee WS. Association between Family History and Male Androgenetic Alopecia with Female Pattern Hair Loss. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:348-354. [PMID: 37830416 PMCID: PMC10579574 DOI: 10.5021/ad.22.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA) is often accompanied by female pattern hair loss (FPHL). However, the risk factors related to MAGA with FPHL are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate demographic and laboratory factors related to MAGA with FPHL. METHODS This retrospective case-control study was performed in a single tertiary care center for MAGA with FPHL between March 2012 and September 2021. Eligible patients were males >12 years old diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia by a dermatologist. The patients were subdivided into MAGA with FPHL and MAGA without FPHL groups. Comorbidities as well as demographic, laboratory, and disease-specific variables were compared between the two groups. Data analysis was conducted between October 2021 and February 2022. The independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared test were used to assess the factors that contributed to MAGA with FPHL. RESULTS Of 469 patients with MAGA, 309 (65.9%) had FPHL, which was a much higher rate than previously reported. Among the variables, only matrilineal (odds ratio, 1.605; 95% confidence interval, 1.014~2.541) and maternal history (odds ratio, 4.705; confidence interval, 1.632~13.559) of androgenetic alopecia were significantly associated with MAGA with FPHL. In the MAGA with FPHL group, a significant positive correlation was noted between body mass index and the type F score (r=0.114, p=0.025). CONCLUSION In this case-control study, patients with MAGA and a maternal history of androgenetic alopecia were at risk of FPHL. Therefore, early screening may benefit these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Won-Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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Redmond LC, Limbu S, Farjo B, Messenger AG, Higgins CA. Male pattern hair loss: Can developmental origins explain the pattern? Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1174-1181. [PMID: 37237288 PMCID: PMC10946844 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Male pattern hair loss (MPHL), also referred to as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of non-scarring progressive hair loss, with 80% of men suffering from this condition in their lifetime. In MPHL, the hair line recedes to a specific part of the scalp which cannot be accurately predicted. Hair is lost from the front, vertex, and the crown, yet temporal and occipital follicles remain. The visual effect of hair loss is due to hair follicle miniaturisation, where terminal hair follicles become dimensionally smaller. Miniaturisation is also characterised by a shortening of the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen), and a prolongation of the dormant phase (kenogen). Together, these changes result in the production of thinner and shorter hair fibres, referred to as miniaturised or vellus hairs. It remains unclear why miniaturisation occurs in this specific pattern, with frontal follicles being susceptible while occipital follicles remain in a terminal state. One main factor we believe to be at play, which will be discussed in this viewpoint, is the developmental origin of the skin and hair follicle dermis on different regions of the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Summik Limbu
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Ho CY, Chen JYF, Hsu WL, Yu S, Chen WC, Chiu SH, Yang HR, Lin SY, Wu CY. Female Pattern Hair Loss: An Overview with Focus on the Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1326. [PMID: 37510231 PMCID: PMC10379895 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern hair loss can occur in both men and women, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been continuously studied in recent years. Male androgenetic alopecia (M-AGA), also termed male pattern hair loss, is the most common type of hair loss in men. M-AGA is considered an androgen-dependent trait with a background of genetic predisposition. The interplay between genetic and non-genetic factors leads to the phenotype of follicular miniaturization. Although this similar pattern of phenotypic miniaturization can also be found in female pattern hair loss (FPHL), the corresponding genetic factors in M-AGA do not account for the phenotype in FPHL, indicating that there are different genes contributing to FPHL. Therefore, the role of genetic factors in FPHL is still uncertain. Understanding the genetic mechanism that causes FPHL is crucial for the future development of personalized treatment strategies. This review aims to highlight the differences in the ethnic prevalence and genetic background of FPHL, as well as the current genetic research progress in nutrition, Wnt signaling, and sex hormones related to FPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Ho
- School of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hao Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Mao Y, Liu P, Wei J, Xie Y, Zheng Q, Li R, Yao J. Cell Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia: Elixir or Trick? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10532-2. [PMID: 37277541 PMCID: PMC10390634 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss aggravated by increased life pressure, tension, and anxiety. Although androgenetic alopecia (AGA) does not significantly effect physical health, it can have serious negative impact on the mental health and quality of life of the patient. Currently, the effect of medical treatment for AGA is not idealistic, stem cell-based regenerative medicine has shown potential for hair regrowth and follicle repair, but the long-term effect and mechanism of stem cell therapy is not quite explicit. In this review, we summarize the methods, efficacy, mechanism, and clinical progress of stem cell therapies for AGA by now, hope it will present a more comprehensive view in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcui Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pinyan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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6
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Kinoshita-Ise M, Fukuyama M, Ohyama M. Recent Advances in Understanding of the Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Hair Loss Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093259. [PMID: 37176700 PMCID: PMC10179687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair-loss diseases comprise heterogenous conditions with respective pathophysiology and clinicopathological characteristics. Major breakthroughs in hair follicle biology and immunology have led to the elucidation of etiopathogenesis of non-scarring alopecia (e.g., alopecia areata, AA) and cicatricial alopecia (e.g., lichen planopilaris, LPP). High-throughput genetic analyses revealed molecular mechanism underlying the disease susceptibility of hair loss conditions, such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Hair loss attracted public interest during the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge of hair loss diseases is robustly expanding and thus requires timely updates. In this review, the diagnostic and measurement methodologies applied to hair loss diseases are updated. Of note, novel criteria and classification/scoring systems published in the last decade are reviewed, highlighting their advantages over conventional ones. Emerging diagnostic techniques are itemized with clinical pearls enabling efficient utilization. Recent advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis and management for representative hair diseases, namely AGA, FPHL, AA, and major primary cicatricial alopecia, including LPP, are comprehensively summarized, focusing on causative factors, genetic predisposition, new disease entity, and novel therapeutic options. Lastly, the association between COVID-19 and hair loss is discussed to delineate telogen effluvium as the predominating pathomechanism accounting for this sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kinoshita-Ise
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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7
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Henne SK, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S. Male-pattern hair loss: Comprehensive identification of the associated genes as a basis for understanding pathophysiology. MED GENET-BERLIN 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2023-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Male-pattern hair loss (MPHL) is a highly heritable and prevalent condition that is characterized by progressive hair loss from the frontotemporal and vertex scalp. This androgen-dependent hair loss may commence during puberty, and up to 80 % of European men experience some degree of MPHL during their lifetime. Current treatment options for MPHL have limited efficacy, and improved understanding of the underlying biological causes is required to facilitate novel therapeutic approaches. To date, molecular genetic studies have identified 389 associated genomic regions, have implicated numerous genes in these regions, and suggested pathways that are likely to contribute to key pathophysiological mechanisms in MPHL. This review provides an overview of the current status of MPHL genetic research. We discuss the most significant achievements, current challenges, and anticipated developments in the field, as well as their potential to advance our understanding of hair (loss) biology, and to improve hair loss prediction and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K. Henne
- University Hospital of Bonn & University of Bonn Institute of Human Genetics Bonn Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- University Hospital of Bonn & University of Bonn Institute of Human Genetics Bonn Germany
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8
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Ohn J, Son HY, Yu DA, Kim MS, Kwon S, Park WS, Kim JI, Kwon O. Early onset female pattern hair loss: a case–control study for analyzing clinical features and genetic variants. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Liang B, Ding Y, Zhou Y, Yang C, Cheng Z. Evaluation of Susceptibility Genes/Loci Associated with Male Androgenetic Alopecia (MAGA) for Female-Pattern Hair Loss in a Chinese Han Population and a Brief Literature Review. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e933424. [PMID: 34753897 PMCID: PMC8591919 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common disorder affecting women, and FPHL can cause psychological dysfunction and affect the social activities of patients. The disease-causing mechanisms are believed to be similar to those of male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA). Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have confirmed susceptibility genes/loci for MAGA, the associations between these genetic loci and FPHL are largely unknown. We investigated the associations between susceptibility loci for MAGA and FPHL in a Chinese Han population; a literature review of susceptibility loci associated with MAGA for FPHL was also performed. Material/Methods Twenty-two previously reported sites were analyzed with the Sequenom iPlex platform, and the genotype statistical analysis consisted of a trend test and conservative accounting. The samples comprised 82 patients diagnosed with FPHL by dermatoscopy and 381 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population. Results No significantly associated variants were found in this FPHL study. The examined 22 tag SNPs in MAGA may not be associated with FPHL. The results of the current study in a Chinese Han population support the previous negative association obtained for a European population. Conclusions This was the first study exploring whether identified MAGA-associated loci confer susceptibility to FPHL in a Chinese Han population, and dermatoscopy was used to improve the diagnostic accuracy. However, there was no evidence of a relationship between susceptibility genes for MAGA and FPHL, and the results indicated that FPHL and MAGA are etiologically separate entities. Therefore, a systematic GWAS approach to FPHL may be required to clarify associated pathophysiological uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yantao Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Chunjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Hay M, Kumar V, Ricaño-Ponce I. The role of the X chromosome in infectious diseases. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 21:143-158. [PMID: 34651167 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many infectious diseases in humans present with a sex bias. This bias arises from a combination of environmental factors, hormones and genetics. In this study, we review the contribution of the X chromosome to the genetic factor associated with infectious diseases. First, we give an overview of the X-linked genes that have been described in the context of infectious diseases and group them in four main pathways that seem to be dysregulated in infectious diseases: nuclear factor kappa-B, interleukin 2 and interferon γ cascade, toll-like receptors and programmed death ligand 1. Then, we review the infectious disease associations in existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the GWAS Catalog and the Pan-UK Biobank, describing the main associations and their possible implications for the disease. Finally, we highlight the importance of including the X chromosome in GWAS analysis and the importance of sex-specific analysis.
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11
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Willems A, Sinclair R. Alopecias in humans: biology, pathomechanisms and emerging therapies. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:596-e159. [PMID: 34431565 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hair follicle is a complete mini-organ with a complex biology. Recent discoveries have shed light on the pathogenesis and genetic basis of a number of hair loss conditions, offering novel treatment alternatives. OBJECTIVE To explore the biology and physiology of hair growth, the pathomechanism behind alopecias and emerging therapies. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Hair growth is influenced by numerous physiological moderators. Greater understanding of the biology and physiology of the hair follicle and the pathomechanisms of hair disease facilitates development of targeted treatments. Sublingual minoxidil is a promising therapy in humans where optimised drug delivery enhances efficacy and reduces systemic adverse effects. Janice kinase inhibitors, which disrupt the inflammatory cascade, help maintain the hair follicle, preserve immune privilege, and regrow hair in alopecia areata. As the pathomechanisms of other forms of alopecia become better understood, new targeted therapies with greater efficacy will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Willems
- Sinclair Dermatology, 2 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Rodney Sinclair
- Sinclair Dermatology, 2 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Alan Gilbert Building University of Melbourne, 161 Barry St, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Ectodysplasin-A2 induces dickkopf 1 expression in human balding dermal papilla cells overexpressing the ectodysplasin A2 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:766-772. [PMID: 32736705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common genetic disorder, and a X-chromosomal locus that contains the androgen receptor (AR) and ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) genes represents a major susceptibility locus for AGA. In our previous study, we reported that ectodysplasin-A2 (EDA-A2) induces apoptosis in cultured human hair follicle (HF) cells and promotes the regression of HFs in mice. However, the role of the EDA-A2/EDA2R in AGA remains unknown, as the causative gene in this pathway has not yet been identified and potential functional connections between EDA-A2 signaling and the androgen pathway remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of EDA2R in balding HFs and matched with non-balding HFs. The EDA2R level was upregulated in the balding dermal papilla (DP) cells compared with non-balding DP cells derived from patients with AGA. However, EDA2R was strongly expressed in both balding and non-balding outer root sheath (ORS) cells. We screened EDA-A2-regulated genes in balding DP cells and identified dickkopf 1 (DKK-1) as catagen inducer during the hair cycle. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DKK-1 were both upregulated by EDA-A2. In addition, DKK-1 expression was induced by EDA-A2 both in cultured human HFs and in mouse HFs. Moreover, the EDA-A2-induced apoptosis of DP and ORS cells was reversed by the antibody-mediated neutralization of DKK-1. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that EDA-A2 induces DKK-1 secretion and causes apoptosis in HFs by binding EDA2R, which is overexpressed in the bald scalp. EDA-A2/EDA2R signaling could inhibit hair growth through DKK-1 induction, and an inhibitor of EDA-A2/EDA2R signaling may be a promising agent for the treatment and prevention of AGA.
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14
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Tu YA, Lin SJ, Chen PL, Chou CH, Huang CC, Ho HN, Chen MJ. HSD3B1 gene polymorphism and female pattern hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:1225-1231. [PMID: 31056381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Genetic variant of HSD3B1 1245 is known to augment androgen production at peripheral tissue as skin. This study aimed to investigate whether women with polycystic ovary syndrome inheriting this variant exhibit specific androgenic phenotypes. METHODS A cross-sectional study of Taiwanese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, defined by Rotterdam criteria, at the reproductive endocrinology outpatient clinic in a university affiliated hospital. RESULTS The presence of female pattern hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome was significantly associated with an increased body mass index, decreased sex hormone binding globulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated triglyceride levels, and increased prevalence of hypertension. Using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, body mass index, triglyceride and HSD3B1 1245 AC or CC genotype were significantly related to female pattern hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after considering other variables. Overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher risk of female pattern hair loss than normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The presence of female pattern hair loss was higher in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome who comprised HSD3B1 AC or CC genotype compared with wild type. CONCLUSION Carrying the HSD3B1 1245C allele and overweight are associated with the presence of female pattern hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Livia Shangyu Wan Scholar, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sinclair RD. Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone. Int J Dermatol 2017; 57:104-109. [PMID: 29231239 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minoxidil and spironolactone are oral antihypertensives known to stimulate hair growth. OBJECTIVE To report on a case series of women with pattern hair loss (PHL) treated with once daily minoxidil 0.25 mg and spironolactone 25 mg. METHODS Women newly diagnosed with a Sinclair stage 2-5 PHL were scored for hair shedding and hair density before and after 12 months of treatment with oral minoxidil 0.25 mg and spironolactone 25 mg. RESULTS A total of 100 women were included in this observational pilot study. Mean age was 48.44 years (range 18-80). Mean hair loss severity at baseline was Sinclair 2.79 (range 2-5). Mean hair shedding score at baseline was 4.82. Mean duration of diagnosis was 6.5 years (range 0.5-30). Mean reduction in hair loss severity score was 0.85 at 6 months and 1.3 at 12 months. Mean reduction in hair shedding score was 2.3 at 6 months and 2.6 at 12 months. Mean change in blood pressure was -4.52 mmHg systolic and -6.48 mmHg diastolic. Side effects were seen in eight women but were generally mild. No patients developed hyperkalemia or any other blood test abnormality. Six of these women continued treatment, and two women who developed urticaria discontinued treatment. LIMITATIONS Prospective, uncontrolled, open-label observational study. DISCUSSION Once daily capsules containing minoxidil 0.25 mg and spironolactone 25 mg appear to be safe and effective in the treatment of FPHL. Placebo-controlled studies to investigate this further are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D Sinclair
- Epworth Hospital, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sinclair Dermatology Clinical Trial Centre, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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16
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A genomic approach to susceptibility and pathogenesis leads to identifying potential novel therapeutic targets in androgenetic alopecia. Genomics 2017; 109:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Redler S, Messenger AG, Betz RC. Genetics and other factors in the aetiology of female pattern hair loss. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:510-517. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Redler
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Clinic Düsseldorf; Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Regina C. Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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18
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Noordam R, Gunn DA, van Drielen K, Westgate G, Slagboom PE, de Craen AJM, van Heemst D. Both low circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with hair loss in middle-aged women. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:728-34. [PMID: 26959288 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple biomarkers have been associated with hair loss in women, but studies have shown inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between markers of cardiovascular disease risk (e.g. serum lipid levels and hypertension) and ageing [e.g. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)] with hair loss in a population of middle-aged women. METHODS In a random subgroup of 323 middle-aged women (mean age 61·5 years) from the Leiden Longevity Study, hair loss was graded by three assessors using the Sinclair scale; women with a mean score > 1·5 were classified as cases with hair loss. RESULTS Every 1 SD increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with a 0·65-times lower risk [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·46-0·91] of hair loss. For IGF-1 the risk was 0·68 times lower (95% CI 0·48-0·97) per 1 SD increase, independently of the other studied variables. Women with both IGF-1 and HDL cholesterol levels below the medians of the study population had a 3·47-times higher risk (95% CI 1·30-9·25) of having hair loss. CONCLUSIONS Low HDL cholesterol and IGF-1 were associated with a higher risk of hair loss in women. However, further studies are required to infer causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D A Gunn
- Unilever Discover, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, U.K
| | - K van Drielen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Westgate
- Westgate Consultancy Ltd, Stevington, Bedfordshire, U.K
| | - P E Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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19
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Jiang Y, Wu R, Chen C, You ZF, Luo X, Wang XP. Six novel rare non-synonymous mutations for migraine without aura identified by exome sequencing. J Neurogenet 2016; 29:188-94. [DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2015.1122787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Harries M, Tosti A, Bergfeld W, Blume-Peytavi U, Shapiro J, Lutz G, Messenger A, Sinclair R, Paus R. Towards a consensus on how to diagnose and quantify female pattern hair loss - The ‘Female Pattern Hair Loss Severity Index (FPHL-SI)’. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:667-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Harries
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - A. Tosti
- University of Miami; Miami FL USA
| | | | | | - J. Shapiro
- University of British Columbia; Vancouver Germany
- New York University; New York NY USA
| | | | - A. Messenger
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - R. Sinclair
- University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - R. Paus
- University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- University of Münster; Münster Germany
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21
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Pośpiech E, Karłowska-Pik J, Marcińska M, Abidi S, Andersen JD, Berge MVD, Carracedo Á, Eduardoff M, Freire-Aradas A, Morling N, Sijen T, Skowron M, Söchtig J, Syndercombe-Court D, Weiler N, Schneider PM, Ballard D, Børsting C, Parson W, Phillips C, Branicki W. Evaluation of the predictive capacity of DNA variants associated with straight hair in Europeans. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 19:280-288. [PMID: 26414620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based prediction of hair morphology, defined as straight, curly or wavy hair, could contribute to an improved description of an unknown offender and allow more accurate forensic reconstructions of physical appearance in the field of forensic DNA phenotyping. Differences in scalp hair morphology are significant at the worldwide scale and within Europe. The only genome-wide association study made to date revealed the Trichohyalin gene (TCHH) to be significantly associated with hair morphology in Europeans and reported weaker associations for WNT10A and FRAS1 genes. We conducted a study that centered on six SNPs located in these three genes with a sample of 528 individuals from Poland. The predictive capacity of the candidate DNA variants was evaluated using logistic regression; classification and regression trees; and neural networks, by applying a 10-fold cross validation procedure. Additionally, an independent test set of 142 males from six European populations was used to verify performance of the developed prediction models. Our study confirmed association of rs11803731 (TCHH), rs7349332 (WNT10A) and rs1268789 (FRAS1) SNPs with hair morphology. The combined genotype risk score for straight hair had an odds ratio of 2.7 and these predictors explained ∼ 8.2% of the total variance. The selected three SNPs were found to predict straight hair with a high sensitivity but low specificity when a 10-fold cross validation procedure was applied and the best results were obtained using the neural networks approach (AUC=0.688, sensitivity=91.2%, specificity=23.0%). Application of the neural networks model with 65% probability threshold on an additional test set gave high sensitivity (81.4%) and improved specificity (50.0%) with a total of 78.7% correct calls, but a high non-classification rate (66.9%). The combined TTGGGG SNP genotype for rs11803731, rs7349332, rs1268789 (European frequency=4.5%) of all six straight hair-associated alleles was identified as the best predictor, giving >80% probability of straight hair. Finally, association testing of 44 SNPs previously identified to be associated with male pattern baldness revealed a suggestive association with hair morphology for rs4679955 on 3q25.1. The study results reported provide the starting point for the development of a predictive test for hair morphology in Europeans. More studies are now needed to discover additional determinants of hair morphology to improve the predictive accuracy of this trait in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pośpiech
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Karłowska-Pik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Marcińska
- Institute of Forensic Research, Section of Forensic Genetics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sarah Abidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margreet van den Berge
- Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genomic Medicine Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Mayra Eduardoff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ana Freire-Aradas
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Titia Sijen
- Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata Skowron
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jens Söchtig
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Natalie Weiler
- Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Schneider
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Ballard
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Claus Børsting
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chris Phillips
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Forensic Research, Section of Forensic Genetics, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Forensic DNA Phenotyping: Predicting human appearance from crime scene material for investigative purposes. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 18:33-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Molecular basis of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: an update. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:51-61. [PMID: 26294279 PMCID: PMC4731439 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sinclair
- University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Epworth Hospital; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Sinclair Dermatology, Investigational Research, Education & Clinical Trials Centre, Level 2; 2 Wellington Parade East Melbourne 3002 Vic. Australia
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25
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Rui W, Sheng Y, Hu R, Miao Y, Han Y, Guo X, Qi S, Xu F, Xu J, Yang Q. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the CYP19A1 Gene with Female Pattern Hair Loss in a Chinese Population. Dermatology 2015; 231:239-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000433597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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26
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Marcińska M, Pośpiech E, Abidi S, Andersen JD, van den Berge M, Carracedo Á, Eduardoff M, Marczakiewicz-Lustig A, Morling N, Sijen T, Skowron M, Söchtig J, Syndercombe-Court D, Weiler N, Schneider PM, Ballard D, Børsting C, Parson W, Phillips C, Branicki W. Evaluation of DNA variants associated with androgenetic alopecia and their potential to predict male pattern baldness. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127852. [PMID: 26001114 PMCID: PMC4441445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia, known in men as male pattern baldness (MPB), is a very conspicuous condition that is particularly frequent among European men and thus contributes markedly to variation in physical appearance traits amongst Europeans. Recent studies have revealed multiple genes and polymorphisms to be associated with susceptibility to MPB. In this study, 50 candidate SNPs for androgenetic alopecia were analyzed in order to verify their potential to predict MPB. Significant associations were confirmed for 29 SNPs from chromosomes X, 1, 5, 7, 18 and 20. A simple 5-SNP prediction model and an extended 20-SNP model were developed based on a discovery panel of 305 males from various European populations fitting one of two distinct phenotype categories. The first category consisted of men below 50 years of age with significant baldness and the second; men aged 50 years or older lacking baldness. The simple model comprised the five best predictors: rs5919324 near AR, rs1998076 in the 20p11 region, rs929626 in EBF1, rs12565727 in TARDBP and rs756853 in HDAC9. The extended prediction model added 15 SNPs from five genomic regions that improved overall prevalence-adjusted predictive accuracy measured by area under the receiver characteristic operating curve (AUC). Both models were evaluated for predictive accuracy using a test set of 300 males reflecting the general European population. Applying a 65% probability threshold, high prediction sensitivity of 87.1% but low specificity of 42.4% was obtained in men aged <50 years. In men aged ≥50, prediction sensitivity was slightly lower at 67.7% while specificity reached 90%. Overall, the AUC=0.761 calculated for men at or above 50 years of age indicates these SNPs offer considerable potential for the application of genetic tests to predict MPB patterns, adding a highly informative predictive system to the emerging field of forensic analysis of externally visible characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Marcińska
- Institute of Forensic Research, Section of Forensic Genetics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pośpiech
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sarah Abidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margreet van den Berge
- Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genomic Medicine Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayra Eduardoff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Titia Sijen
- Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata Skowron
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jens Söchtig
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Natalie Weiler
- Department of Human Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter M. Schneider
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Ballard
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Børsting
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chris Phillips
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Institute of Forensic Research, Section of Forensic Genetics, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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27
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Redler S, Birch P, Drichel D, Hofmann P, Dobson K, Böhmer A, Becker J, Giehl K, Tazi-Ahnini R, Kruse R, Wolff H, Miesel A, Fischer T, Böhm M, Nuwayhid R, Garcia Bartels N, Lutz G, Becker T, Blume-Peytavi U, Nöthen M, Messenger A, Betz R. The oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) gene in female-pattern hair loss: replication of association with rs10137185 in German patients. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:982-5. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Redler
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
| | - P. Birch
- Department of Dermatology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield U.K
| | - D. Drichel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - P. Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
| | - K. Dobson
- Department of Dermatology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield U.K
| | - A.C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
| | - J. Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
| | - K.A. Giehl
- Department of Dermatology; University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - R. Tazi-Ahnini
- Department of Infection and Immunity; University of Sheffield; Sheffield U.K
| | - R. Kruse
- Dermatological Practice; Paderborn Germany
| | - H. Wolff
- Department of Dermatology; University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - A. Miesel
- Department of Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - T. Fischer
- Department of Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - M. Böhm
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - R. Nuwayhid
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - N. Garcia Bartels
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - G. Lutz
- Dermatological Practice, Hair & Nail; Wesseling Germany
| | - T. Becker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
| | - U. Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M.M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
| | - A.G. Messenger
- Department of Dermatology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield U.K
| | - R.C. Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 D-53127 Bonn Germany
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28
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The female pattern hair loss: review of etiopathogenesis and diagnosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:767628. [PMID: 24812631 PMCID: PMC4000932 DOI: 10.1155/2014/767628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common hair loss disorder in women. Initial signs may develop during teenage years leading to a progressive hair loss with a characteristic pattern distribution. The condition is characterized by progressive replacement of terminal hair follicles over the frontal and vertex regions by miniaturized follicles, that leads progressively to a visible reduction in hair density. Women diagnosed with FPHL may undergo significant impairment of quality of life. FPHL diagnosis is mostly clinical. Depending on patient history and clinical evaluation, further diagnostic testing may be useful. The purpose of the paper is to review the current knowledge about epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of FPHL.
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29
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Investigation of four novel male androgenetic alopecia susceptibility loci: no association with female pattern hair loss. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:413-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Frank J, Poblete-Gutiérrez P, Giehl K. [Genetic hair diseases. An update]. Hautarzt 2013; 64:830-42. [PMID: 24177665 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from hair loss or undesirable excessive hair growth are a challenge for dermatologists because the pathogenesis of most hair diseases is not well understood and therapeutic options are limited. This particularly holds true for genetic hair disorders, in which all current treatment attempts are unsuccessful. Furthermore, these diseases also pose a diagnostic challenge due to a broad range of clinical and genetic heterogeneity. However, the enormous progress in molecular biology over the past 20 years, in particular the availability of different new techniques such as whole exome and genome sequencing, has enabled us to elucidate the genetic basis of most monogenic hair disorders, given the availability of suitable index patients and families as well as adequate technical equipment and sufficient financial resources. In this review we provide an update on clinical and genetic aspects of selected monogenic and polygenic hair diseases manifesting with hypertrichosis and hypotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frank
- Hautklinik und Sektion für Genodermatosen, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland,
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31
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Redler S, Dobson K, Drichel D, Heilmann S, Wolf S, Brockschmidt FF, Tazi-Ahnini R, Birch P, Teßmann P, Giehl KA, Kruse R, Lutz G, Garcia Bartels N, Hanneken S, Wolff H, Böhm M, Becker T, Blume-Peytavi U, Nöthen MM, Messenger AG, Betz RC. Investigation of six novel susceptibility loci for male androgenetic alopecia in women with female pattern hair loss. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:186-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Herskovitz I, Tosti A. Female pattern hair loss. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 11:e9860. [PMID: 24719635 PMCID: PMC3968982 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.9860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) also known as female androgenetic alopecia is a common condition afflicting millions of women that can be cosmetically disrupting. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for obtaining optimal outcome. This review addresses the clinical presentation of female pattern hair loss, its differential diagnosis and treatment modalities. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A) Diffuse thinning of the crown region with preservation of the frontal hairline (Ludwig's type) B) The "Christmas tree pattern" where the thinning is wider in the frontal scalp giving the alopecic area a triangular shaped figure resembling a christmas tree. C) Thinning associated with bitemporal recession (Hamilton type). Generally, FPHL is not associated with elevated androgens. Less commonly females with FPHL may have other skin or general signs of hyperandrogenism such as hirsutism, acne, irregular menses, infertility, galactorrhea and insulin resistance. The most common endocrinological abnormality associated with FPHL is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). RESULTS The most important diseases to consider in the differential diagnosis of FPHL include Chronic Telogen Effluvium (CTE), Permanent Alopecia after Chemotherapy (PAC), Alopecia Areata Incognito (AAI) and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA). This review describes criteria for distinguishing these conditions from FPHL. CONCLUSIONS The only approved treatment for FPHL, which is 2% topical Minoxidil, should be applied at the dosage of 1ml twice day for a minimum period of 12 months. This review will discuss off-label alternative modalities of treatment including 5-alfa reductase inhibitors, antiandrogens, estrogens, prostaglandin analogs, lasers, light treatments and hair transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Herskovitz
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, USA
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Mahmoudi H, Redler S, Birch P, Drichel D, Dobson K, Tazi-Ahnini R, Teßmann P, Giehl KA, Kruse R, Lutz G, Hanneken S, Wolff H, Blume-Peytavi U, Becker T, Nöthen MM, Messenger AG, Böhm M, Betz RC. Selected variants of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) do not confer susceptibility to female pattern hair loss. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 305:249-53. [PMID: 23124548 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common hair loss disorder in women with a complex mode of inheritance. Its etiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Widespread assumptions of overlapping susceptibility variants between FPHL and male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) and a crucial role of androgens or distinct sexual steroid hormones in the development of FPHL could neither be clearly demonstrated nor completely excluded at the molecular level up to date. Interestingly, recent studies suggested an association of metabolic syndrome-including obesity, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 or abnormally high fasting blood glucose-with FPHL. Of note, mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) have been identified in patients with morbid obesity. Interestingly, this neuropeptide receptor has been detected amongst others in the dermal papilla of the hair follicle. As almost half of our FPHL patients of German origin present with adipositas and/or obesity, we hypothesized as to whether FPHL could be associated with variants of the MC4R gene. Thus, we genotyped a total of six variants from MC4R in our case-control sample comprising 245 UK patients of German and UK origin. However, based on our present study none of the genotyped MC4R variants displayed any significant association, neither in the overall UK and German samples nor in any subgroup analyses. In summary, these results do not point to an involvement of MC4R in FPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassnaa Mahmoudi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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