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Tang Q, Liu Y, Tang J, Chen F, Qi X, Zhu F, Yu Q, Chen H, Wu P, Chen L, Guo Z, Hu Z, Ma S, Chen K, Li G. BmNPV Orf 65 (Bm65) Is Identified as an Endonuclease Directly Facilitating UV-Induced DNA Damage Repair. J Virol 2022; 96:e0055722. [PMID: 35862702 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses have been used as biopesticides for the control of Lepidoptera larvae. However, solar UV radiation reduces the activity of baculovirus. In this study, an UV endonuclease, Bm65, was found encoded in the genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). Bm65 (the ortholog of AcMNPV orf79) was guided by a key nuclear localization signal to enter the nucleus and accumulated at UV-induced DNA damage sites. Subsequent results further showed that Bm65-mediated DNA damage repair was not the only UV damage repair pathway of BmNPV. BmNPV also used host DNA repair proteins to repair UV-induced DNA damage. In summary, these results revealed that Bm65 was very important in UV-induced DNA damage repair of BmNPV, and BmNPV repaired UV-damaged DNA through a variety of ways. IMPORTANCE Baculovirus biopesticides are environmentally friendly insecticides and specifically infect invertebrates. UV radiation from the sunlight greatly reduces the activity of baculovirus biopesticides. However, the molecular mechanisms of most baculoviruses to repair UV-induced DNA damage remain unclear. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major DNA repair pathway that removes UV-induced DNA lesions. At present, there are few reports about the nucleotide excision repair pathway in viruses. Here, we showed for the first time that the baculovirus Bm65 endonuclease actually cleaved UV-damaged DNA. Meanwhile, we found that BmNPV used both viral-encoded enzymes and host DNA damage repair proteins to reverse UV-induced DNA damage. These results will provide a reference for the research of UV damage repair of other viruses.
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Mwanza P, Jukes M, Dealtry G, Lee M, Moore S. Selection for and Analysis of UV-Resistant Cryptophlebia Leucotreta Granulovirus-SA as a Biopesticide for Thaumatotibia leucotreta. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010028. [PMID: 35062232 PMCID: PMC8780862 DOI: 10.3390/v14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus-SA (CrleGV-SA) is used as a commercial biopesticide for the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, in citrus and other crops. The virus is sensitive to UV irradiation from sunlight, which reduces its efficacy as a biopesticide in the field. We selected a UV-resistant CrleGV-SA isolate, with more than a thousand-fold improved virulence compared to the wild-type isolate, measured by comparing LC50 values. CrleGV-SA purified from infected T. leucotreta larvae was exposed to UV irradiation under controlled laboratory conditions in a climate chamber mimicking field conditions. Five cycles of UV exposure, followed by propagating the virus that retained infectivity in vivo with re-exposure to UV, were conducted to isolate and select for UV-resistant virus. Serial dilution bioassays were conducted against neonates after each UV exposure cycle. The concentration-responses of the infectious UV-exposed virus populations were compared by probit analysis with those from previous cycles and from the original CrleGV-SA virus population. NGS sequences of CrleGV-SA samples from UV exposure cycle 1 and cycle 5 were compared with the GenBank CrleGV-SA sequence. Changes in the genomes of infective virus from cycles 1 and 5 generated SNPs thought to be responsible for establishing UV tolerance. Additional SNPs, detected only in the cycle 5 sequence, may enhance UV tolerance and improve the virulence of the UV-tolerant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mwanza
- Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa;
| | - Michael Jukes
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa; (M.J.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Gill Dealtry
- Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Lee
- Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6001, South Africa;
| | - Sean Moore
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa; (M.J.); (S.M.)
- Citrus Research International, Gqeberha 6065, South Africa
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Tang Q, Chen F, Wu P, Qiu L, Chen H, Chen K, Li G. BmNPV infection correlates with the enhancement of the resistance of Bombyx mori cells to UV radiation. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2019; 102:e21598. [PMID: 31290186 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
At present, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the interaction between Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and host remains unclear. In the current study, UV treatment significantly reduced the activity of BmNPV budded viruses (BVs), and UV-damaged BmN cells were not conducive to BmNPV proliferation. BmNPV infection significantly reduced the viability of host cells, but increased the viability of high-dose UV-treated host cells. Furthermore, the quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qPCR) results suggested that BmNPV and Bombyx mori might mutually use the same DNA repair proteins for repairing UV-induced damage and BmNPV infection promote the ability of host cells to repair UV-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fangying Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Drezen JM, Josse T, Bézier A, Gauthier J, Huguet E, Herniou EA. Impact of Lateral Transfers on the Genomes of Lepidoptera. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E315. [PMID: 29120392 PMCID: PMC5704228 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer of DNA sequences between species regardless of their evolutionary distance is very common in bacteria, but evidence that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) also occurs in multicellular organisms has been accumulating in the past few years. The actual extent of this phenomenon is underestimated due to frequent sequence filtering of "alien" DNA before genome assembly. However, recent studies based on genome sequencing have revealed, and experimentally verified, the presence of foreign DNA sequences in the genetic material of several species of Lepidoptera. Large DNA viruses, such as baculoviruses and the symbiotic viruses of parasitic wasps (bracoviruses), have the potential to mediate these transfers in Lepidoptera. In particular, using ultra-deep sequencing, newly integrated transposons have been identified within baculovirus genomes. Bacterial genes have also been acquired by genomes of Lepidoptera, as in other insects and nematodes. In addition, insertions of bracovirus sequences were present in the genomes of certain moth and butterfly lineages, that were likely corresponding to rearrangements of ancient integrations. The viral genes present in these sequences, sometimes of hymenopteran origin, have been co-opted by lepidopteran species to confer some protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Drezen
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Thibaut Josse
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Jérémy Gauthier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Elisabeth Anne Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours-François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.
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Harrison RL, Rowley DL, Mowery JD, Bauchan GR, Burand JP. The Operophtera brumata Nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) Represents an Early, Divergent Lineage within Genus Alphabaculovirus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100307. [PMID: 29065456 PMCID: PMC5691658 DOI: 10.3390/v9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) infects the larvae of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata. As part of an effort to explore the pesticidal potential of OpbuNPV, an isolate of this virus from Massachusetts (USA)-OpbuNPV-MA-was characterized by electron microscopy of OpbuNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) and by sequencing of the viral genome. The OBs of OpbuNPV-MA consisted of irregular polyhedra and contained virions consisting of a single rod-shaped nucleocapsid within each envelope. Presumptive cypovirus OBs were also detected in sections of the OB preparation. The OpbuNPV-MA genome assembly yielded a circular contig of 119,054 bp and was found to contain little genetic variation, with most polymorphisms occurring at a frequency of < 6%. A total of 130 open reading frames (ORFs) were annotated, including the 38 core genes of Baculoviridae, along with five homologous repeat (hr) regions. The results of BLASTp and phylogenetic analysis with selected ORFs indicated that OpbuNPV-MA is not closely related to other alphabaculoviruses. Phylogenies based on concatenated core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed OpbuNPV-MA on a basal branch lying outside other alphabaculovirus clades. These results indicate that OpbuNPV-MA represents a divergent baculovirus lineage that appeared early during the diversification of genus Alphabaculovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Joseph D Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - John P Burand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Tang Q, Wu P, Hu Z, Yang Y, Qiu L, Liu H, Zhu S, Guo Z, Xia H, Chen K, Li G. Evidence for the role of BmNPV Bm65 protein in the repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 149:82-86. [PMID: 28797905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how, or to what extent, baculovirus DNA that has been damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light is repaired during infection and replication. In our previous study, expression of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) ORF Bm65, a homolog of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ac79, correlated with decreased inactivation of virus by UV irradiation. In the current study, we accumulated more evidence pointing to a role for Bm65 in repair of UV-induced DNA damage. The localization of Bm65 was studied using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion constructs expressed in BmN cells transfected with a Bm65 expression plasmid. The results indicate that Bm65-EGFP accumulates in the nucleus. A host cell reactivation assay showed that Bm65 significantly increased the expression of UV-damaged mCherry reporter gene. An assay measuring cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in UV-irradiated BmN cells found that CPD quantity was decreased in cells transfected with a Bm65 expression plasmid. We also showed that after UVC treatment, the viability of Bm65-transfected cells was higher than that of egfp-transfected cells. These results suggest that Bm65 may be involved in the repair of baculovirus DNA that has been damaged by UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shanying Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongjian Guo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Guohui Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Parihar P, Singh R, Singh S, Tripathi DK, Chauhan DK, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Photoreceptors mapping from past history till date. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016;162:223-231. [PMID: 27387671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The critical source of information in plants is light, which is perceived by receptors present in plants and animals. Receptors present in plant and animal system regulate important processes, and knowing the chromophores and signalling domains for each receptor could pave a way to trace out links between these receptors. The signalling mechanism for each receptor will give insight knowledge. This review has focussed on the photoreceptors from past history till date, that have evolved in the plant as well as in the animal system (to lesser extent). We have also focussed our attention on finding the links between the receptors by showing the commonalities as well as the differences between them, and also tried to trace out the links with the help of chromophores and signalling domain. Several photoreceptors have been traced out, which share similarity in the chromophore as well as in the signalling domain, which indicate towards the evolution of photoreceptors from one another. For instance, cryptochrome has been found to evolve three times from CPD photolyase as well as evolution of different types of phytochrome is a result of duplication and divergence. In addition, similarity between the photoreceptors suggested towards evolution from one another. This review has also discussed possible mechanism for each receptor i.e. how they regulate developmental processes and involve what kinds of regulators and also gives an insight on signalling mechanisms by these receptors. This review could also be a new initiative in the study of UVR8 associated studies.
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Greening C, Ahmed FH, Mohamed AE, Lee BM, Pandey G, Warden AC, Scott C, Oakeshott JG, Taylor MC, Jackson CJ. Physiology, Biochemistry, and Applications of F420- and Fo-Dependent Redox Reactions. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:451-93. [PMID: 27122598 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00070-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Deazaflavin cofactors enhance the metabolic flexibility of microorganisms by catalyzing a wide range of challenging enzymatic redox reactions. While structurally similar to riboflavin, 5-deazaflavins have distinctive and biologically useful electrochemical and photochemical properties as a result of the substitution of N-5 of the isoalloxazine ring for a carbon. 8-Hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (Fo) appears to be used for a single function: as a light-harvesting chromophore for DNA photolyases across the three domains of life. In contrast, its oligoglutamyl derivative F420 is a taxonomically restricted but functionally versatile cofactor that facilitates many low-potential two-electron redox reactions. It serves as an essential catabolic cofactor in methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, and likely methanotrophic archaea. It also transforms a wide range of exogenous substrates and endogenous metabolites in aerobic actinobacteria, for example mycobacteria and streptomycetes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of F420 in microorganisms and the biochemistry of the various oxidoreductases that mediate these roles. Particular focus is placed on the central roles of F420 in methanogenic archaea in processes such as substrate oxidation, C1 pathways, respiration, and oxygen detoxification. We also describe how two F420-dependent oxidoreductase superfamilies mediate many environmentally and medically important reactions in bacteria, including biosynthesis of tetracycline and pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibiotics by streptomycetes, activation of the prodrugs pretomanid and delamanid by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and degradation of environmental contaminants such as picrate, aflatoxin, and malachite green. The biosynthesis pathways of Fo and F420 are also detailed. We conclude by considering opportunities to exploit deazaflavin-dependent processes in tuberculosis treatment, methane mitigation, bioremediation, and industrial biocatalysis.
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Craveiro SR, Inglis PW, Togawa RC, Grynberg P, Melo FL, Ribeiro ZMA, Ribeiro BM, Báo SN, Castro MEB. The genome sequence of Pseudoplusia includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus and an analysis of p26 gene evolution in the baculoviruses. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:127. [PMID: 25765042 PMCID: PMC4346127 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoplusia includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus (PsinSNPV-IE) is a baculovirus recently identified in our laboratory, with high pathogenicity to the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Walker, 1858). In Brazil, the C. includens caterpillar is an emerging pest and has caused significant losses in soybean and cotton crops. The PsinSNPV genome was determined and the phylogeny of the p26 gene within the family Baculoviridae was investigated. RESULTS The complete genome of PsinSNPV was sequenced (Roche 454 GS FLX - Titanium platform), annotated and compared with other Alphabaculoviruses, displaying a genome apparently different from other baculoviruses so far sequenced. The circular double-stranded DNA genome is 139,132 bp in length, with a GC content of 39.3 % and contains 141 open reading frames (ORFs). PsinSNPV possesses the 37 conserved baculovirus core genes, 102 genes found in other baculoviruses and 2 unique ORFs. Two baculovirus repeat ORFs (bro) homologs, bro-a (Psin33) and bro-b (Psin69), were identified and compared with Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV) and Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV) bro genes and showed high similarity, suggesting that these genes may be derived from an ancestor common to these viruses. The homologous repeats (hrs) are absent from the PsinSNPV genome, which is also the case in ChchNPV and TnSNPV. Two p26 gene homologs (p26a and p26b) were found in the PsinSNPV genome. P26 is thought to be required for optimal virion occlusion in the occlusion bodies (OBs), but its function is not well characterized. The P26 phylogenetic tree suggests that this gene was obtained from three independent acquisition events within the Baculoviridae family. The presence of a signal peptide only in the PsinSNPV p26a/ORF-20 homolog indicates distinct function between the two P26 proteins. CONCLUSIONS PsinSNPV has a genomic sequence apparently different from other baculoviruses sequenced so far. The complete genome sequence of PsinSNPV will provide a valuable resource, contributing to studies on its molecular biology and functional genomics, and will promote the development of this virus as an effective bioinsecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saluana R Craveiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Peter W Inglis
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Roberto C Togawa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Fernando L Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Zilda Maria A Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Sônia N Báo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Maria Elita B Castro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Craveiro SR, Melo FL, Ribeiro ZMA, Ribeiro BM, Báo SN, Inglis PW, Castro MEB. Pseudoplusia includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus: genetic diversity, phylogeny and hypervariability of the pif-2 gene. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 114:258-67. [PMID: 24012501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker, 1857) has become a major pest of soybean crops in Brazil. In order to determine the genetic diversity and phylogeny of variants of Pseudoplusia includens single nucleopolyhedrovirus (PsinSNPV-IA to -IG), partial sequences of the genes lef-8, lef-9, pif-2, phr and polh were obtained following degenerate PCR and phylogenetic trees constructed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The aligned sequences showed polymorphisms among the isolates, where the pif-2 gene was by far the most variable and is predicted to be under positive selection. Furthermore, some of the pif-2 DNA sequence mutations are predicted to result in significant amino acid substitutions, possibly leading to changes in oral infectivity of this baculovirus. Cladistic analysis revealed two closely related monophyletic groups, one containing PsinNPV isolates IB, IC and ID and another containing isolates IA, IE, IF and IG. The phylogeny of PsinSNPV in relation to 56 other baculoviruses was also determined from the concatenated partial LEF-8, LEF-9, PIF-2 and POLH/GRAN deduced amino acid sequences, using maximum-parsimony and Bayesian methods. This analysis clearly places PsinSNPV with the Group II Alphabaculovirus, where PsinSNPV is most closely related to Chrysodeixis chalcites NPV and Trichoplusia ni SNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saluana R Craveiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Biernat MA, Eker APM, van Oers MM, Vlak JM, van der Horst GTJ, Chaves I. A baculovirus photolyase with DNA repair activity and circadian clock regulatory function. J Biol Rhythms 2012; 27:3-11. [PMID: 22306969 DOI: 10.1177/0748730411429665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochromes and photolyases belong to the same family of flavoproteins but, despite being structurally conserved, display distinct functions. Photolyases use visible light to repair ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. Cryptochromes, however, function as blue-light receptors, circadian photoreceptors, or repressors of the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer, the transcription activator controlling the molecular circadian clock. Here, we present evidence that the functional divergence between cryptochromes and photolyases is not so univocal. Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus possesses 2 photolyase-like genes: phr1 and phr2. We show that PHR1 and PHR2 are able to bind the CLOCK protein. Only for PHR2, however, the physical interaction with CLOCK represses CLOCK/BMAL1-driven transcription. This result shows that binding of photolyase per se is not sufficient to inhibit the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. PHR2, furthermore, affects the oscillation of immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts, suggesting that PHR2 can regulate the molecular circadian clock. These findings are relevant for further understanding the evolution of cryptochromes and photolyases as well as behavioral changes induced in insects by baculoviruses.
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