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Al-Manei K, Jia L, Al-Manei KK, Ndanshau EL, Grigoriadis A, Kumar A. Food Hardness Modulates Behavior, Cognition, and Brain Activation: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051168. [PMID: 36904167 PMCID: PMC10005610 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Food hardness is one of the dietary features that may impact brain functions. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effect of food hardness (hard food versus soft food diet) on behavior, cognition, and brain activation in animals and humans (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021254204). The search was conducted on 29 June 2022 using Medline (Ovid), Embase, and Web of Science databases. Data were extracted, tabulated by food hardness as an intervention, and summarized by qualitative synthesis. The SYRCLE and JBI tools were used to assess the risk of bias (RoB) of individual studies. Of the 5427 studies identified, 18 animal studies and 6 human studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. The RoB assessment indicated that 61% of animal studies had unclear risks, 11% had moderate risks, and 28% had low risks. All human studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias. The majority (48%) of the animal studies showed that a hard food diet improved behavioral task performance compared to soft food diets (8%). However, 44% of studies also showed no differential effects of food hardness on behavioral tests. It was also evident that certain regions of the brain were activated in response to changes in food hardness in humans, with a positive association between chewing hard food, cognition performance, and brain function. However, variations in the methodologies of the included studies hindered the meta-analysis execution. In conclusion, our findings highlight the beneficial effects of dietary food hardness on behavior, cognition, and brain function in both animals and humans, however, this effect may depend on several factors that require further understanding of the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Manei
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leming Jia
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kholod Khalil Al-Manei
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anastasios Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Center for Geriatric Dentistry, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Murai U, Sawada N, Charvat H, Inoue M, Yasuda N, Yamagishi K, Tsugane S. Soy product intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the JPHC Disabling Dementia Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4045-4057. [PMID: 35788776 PMCID: PMC9596534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the association between total soy, soy product (natto, miso and tofu) and isoflavone intake and incident disabling dementia in a Japanese population. METHODS We conducted a population-based prospective study in 18,991 men and 22,456 women. Intake of soy products and isoflavone was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire when participants were 45-74 years old (1995 and 1998). Incident disabling dementia was defined by the daily living disability status related to dementia in the long-term care insurance program of Japan from 2006 to 2016. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of disabling dementia were calculated by quintiles of total soy, individual soy product and isoflavone intake, using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Total soy product intake was not associated with disabling dementia risk in both men and women. By individual soy products, natto intake was marginally inversely associated with disabling dementia in women (trend P = 0.050). When we stratified by age, this inverse association was clearer in women aged under 60 years (multivariate HR for the highest versus lowest quintile was 0.78, 95% CI 0.59-1.04, trend P = 0.020 for those aged under 60 years and 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.05, trend P = 0.23 for those aged 60 years and older, respectively). Any soy product or isoflavone intake was not associated with disabling dementia risk in men. CONCLUSIONS Although total soy product intake was not associated with disabling dementia risk, natto intake may contribute to reducing the risk of disabling dementia in women, especially in those aged under 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Murai
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Division of International Health Policy Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Oura R, Mäntylä P, Saarela R, Hiltunen K. Oral hypofunction and association with need for daily assistance among older adults in long-term care. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:823-830. [PMID: 35620888 PMCID: PMC9546329 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral hypofunction (OHF) is related to occlusal status and bite force. It has specific symptoms and varying degrees of severity. OBJECTIVES OHF was determined with five signs. The relationships between OHF and need for assistance in oral hygiene, moving, eating, and occlusal status in older adults living in long-term care (LTC) were examined. METHODS A comprehensive clinical oral examination was conducted on 393 residents who lived in LTC in Helsinki, Finland. The five signs to determine OHF were mouth dryness, visible food residue on oral or denture surfaces, ability to keep the mouth open during examination, clearness of speech, and diet of pureed or soft food. Score points of 0-2 were given for each sign and the sum was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe OHF. Participants were divided into three groups accordingly, and occlusal status was determined based on contact units. In addition, nurses collected background information on number of medications and level of cognition. Need for assistance was based on oral hygiene, moving, and eating. RESULTS Of participants (n=319), 21% showed severe and 41% moderate OHF. Occlusal status differences between the OHF groups were significant. OHF severity associated linearly with increased severity of cognitive impairment and increased need for assistance in oral hygiene, eating, and moving. CONCLUSIONS OHF score based on the five signs can be used to determine OHF severity. OHF was common and associated with occlusal status, cognitive impairment, and need for assistance in oral hygiene, moving, and eating in older adults living in LTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Oura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riitta Saarela
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Hiltunen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Artoni F, Di Galante M, Briscese L, De Cicco V, Bruschini L, d'Ascanio P, Manzoni D, Faraguna U, Carboncini MC. Effect of the Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Auditory Event-Related Potentials. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab012. [PMID: 34296158 PMCID: PMC8153017 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal sensorimotor activity stimulates arousal and cognitive performance, likely through activation of the locus coeruleus (LC). In this study we investigated, in normal subjects, the effects of bilateral trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on the LC-dependent P300 wave, elicited by an acoustic oddball paradigm. Pupil size, a proxy of LC activity, and electroencephalographic power changes were also investigated. Before TNS/sham-TNS, pupil size did not correlate with P300 amplitude across subjects. After TNS but not sham-TNS, a positive correlation emerged between P300 amplitude and pupil size within frontal and median cortical regions. TNS also reduced P300 amplitude in several cortical areas. In both groups, before and after TNS/sham-TNS, subjects correctly indicated all the target stimuli. We propose that TNS activates LC, increasing the cortical norepinephrine release and the dependence of the P300 upon basal LC activity. Enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of cortical neurons, norepinephrine may improve the sensory processing, allowing the subject to reach the best discriminative performance with a lower level of neural activation (i.e., a lower P300 amplitude). The study suggests that TNS could be used for improving cognitive performance in patients affected by cognitive disorders or arousal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Artoni
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Genève 1202, Switzerland
| | | | - Lucia Briscese
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Carboncini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa 56123, Italy
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Lee JH, Kim DH, Park YG, Lee SY. Chewing Discomfort According to Dental Prosthesis Type in 12,802 Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:E71. [PMID: 33374152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of self-perceived chewing discomfort depending on the type of dental prosthesis used in South Korean adults. The subjects were 12,802 people over 20 years of age who participated in a health interview and dental examination. Chewing discomfort was examined using a self-assessed report with a structured questionnaire. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratios were evaluated along with their 95% confidence intervals (α = 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, including age, gender, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, education, income, and toothbrushing frequency, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for chewing discomfort in groups without a dental prosthesis, with fixed dental prostheses, with removable partial dentures, and with removable complete dentures were 1 (reference), 1.363 (1.213-1.532), 2.275 (1.879-2.753), and 2.483 (1.929-3.197), respectively. The association between the prevalence of chewing discomfort and the type of dental prosthesis used was statistically significant even after adjusting for various confounders (p < 0.0001). The type of dental prosthesis was related to chewing discomfort among South Korean adults.
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Abstract
Currently, a few of studies revealed that there is an association between mastication and cognitive impairment. There is no study of Korean adult representative samples in relation to mastication and cognitive decline. This study was to investigate the relationship between mastication and mild cognitive impairment in Korean adults.A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in which a total of 7029 subjects (2987 men and 4042 women) over 45 years old were surveyed from the Korea Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA), Round 5th survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the study data controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, education, income, smoking, drinking, exercise, wearing denture, and the number of chronic diseases.Decreased chewing function is associated with mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67-3.93) after controlling for confounding variables. In the participants who did not wear dentures, the reduction of chewing function was strongly correlated with mild cognitive impairment (OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 3.11-5.08).Mastication was associated with mild cognitive impairment. To prevent cognitive decline, health specialists should pay more attention to the decline of the mastication in people without dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungdong University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an overview of current literature focused on oral health and cognitive impairment in older adulthood, focusing in particular on whether oral inflammation, tooth loss and masticatory dysfunction might increase the risk of cognitive impairment in this age group. RECENT FINDINGS There is now general acceptance that cognitive impairment contributes to poor oral health, largely through detrimental changes in behaviours related to maintaining good oral hygiene. There is more limited evidence for the reverse causal direction, but at least some studies now suggest that inflammatory mechanisms, tooth loss and masticatory dysfunction each have the potential to contribute to cognitive decline. SUMMARY Poorer oral health significantly correlates with cognitive dysfunction, and at least some studies suggest that there may be a bi-directional causal relationship. Randomized controlled trials assessing cognitive abilities in relation to oral hygiene or oral health interventions, or provision of removable or fixed (implant-supported) dentures, are encouraged.
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Nangle M, Riches J, Grainger S, Manchery N, Sachdev P, Henry J. Oral Health and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Gerontology 2019; 65:659-672. [DOI: 10.1159/000496730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Cardoso MG, Diniz‐Freitas M, Vázquez P, Cerqueiro S, Diz P, Limeres J. Relationship between functional masticatory units and cognitive impairment in elderly persons. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:417-423. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G. Cardoso
- Department of Dental Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesCESPU Paredes Portugal
| | - Márcio Diniz‐Freitas
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Sandra Cerqueiro
- Assisted Living for the Elderly of Oleiros Government of Galicia (Residencia Asistida de Mayores de Oleiros, Xunta of Galicia) Oleiros Spain
| | - Pedro Diz
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Miquel S, Aspiras M, Day JEL. Does reduced mastication influence cognitive and systemic health during aging? Physiol Behav 2018; 188:239-250. [PMID: 29452151 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature which suggests that oral health and mastication can influence cognitive and systemic health during aging. However, it is currently unclear whether oral health, masticatory efficiency, cognitive health and systemic health merely deteriorate independently with age, or whether mechanisms exist linking mastication to cognitive and systemic health directly. The aim of this paper is to review the extent to which reduced mastication influences cognitive and systemic health during aging because this knowledge may underpin future interventions that improve quality of life. Current evidence suggests that a deterioration in mastication and oral health during aging can have: 1) direct effects on systemic health through mechanisms such as the migration of the oral microbiota into the systemic environment, and 2) indirect effects on systemic health through changes nutrient intake. A loss of teeth and reduction in masticatory efficiency during aging can have: 1) direct effects on cognitive performance and potentially impact cognitive health through mechanisms such as enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and 2) indirect effects on cognitive health through changes in nutrient intake. It is concluded that oral health and masticatory efficiency are modifiable factors which influence the risk poor cognitive and systemic health during aging, although it is currently premature to propose chewing-based interventions to slow the rate of cognitive decline and improve cognitive health during aging. Future research should include large-scale longitudinal studies which control for the types of confounding factors which concurrently influence the association between mastication and cognitive and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Miquel
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery, 1132 West Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA.
| | - Marcelo Aspiras
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery, 1132 West Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA
| | - Jon E L Day
- Cerebrus Associates, The White House, 2 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey GU7 3HN, United Kingdom
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Kumar A, Kothari M, Grigoriadis A, Trulsson M, Svensson P. Bite or brain: Implication of sensorimotor regulation and neuroplasticity in oral rehabilitation procedures. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:323-333. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Kothari
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic; Aarhus University; Hammel Denmark
| | - A. Grigoriadis
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Trulsson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
| | - P. Svensson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON); Huddinge Sweden
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function; Institute for Odontology and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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Gao W, Wang X, Wang X, Cai Y, Luan Q. Association of cognitive function with tooth loss and mitochondrial variation in adult subjects: a community-based study in Beijing, China. Oral Dis 2016; 22:697-702. [PMID: 27353124 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is a common neurological problem in elderly people. In this study, we investigated whether tooth loss, periodontal parameters, and gene variations in the mitochondrial DNA displacement loop region are potential influencing factors on cognitive function. DESIGN We employed a linear regression model to estimate cross-sectional association between number of teeth lost, periodontal parameters and Mini-mental State Examination score, adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, general health status, smoking, drinking, and life habits. PARTICIPANTS A total of 905 Han Chinese people, ≥50 years of age, with complete data, were enrolled. Blood samples of 567 of the subjects were analyzed for correlation between mitochondrial DNA variants and Mini-mental State Examination score. RESULTS The number of teeth lost (β = -0.042, 95% CI: -0.061, -0.024, P < 0.001), two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) points: A189G (β = -1.540, 95% CI: -2.818, -0.263, P = 0.018) and A16164G (β = -1.053, 95% CI: -2.054, -0.052, P = 0.039) in the mitochondrial DNA displacement loop region, and haplogroup Y (β = -2.152, 95% CI: -4.062, -0.242, P = 0.027) were found to be negatively associated with Mini-mental State Examination scores in the fully adjusted model. No correlation was found between periodontal parameters and Mini-mental State Examination scores. CONCLUSION Number of teeth lost, mitochondrial SNPs, and haplogroup Y were correlated with cognitive function in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gao
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Genetics, Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Q Luan
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Smith N, Miquel-Kergoat S, Thuret S. The impact of mastication on cognition: Evidence for intervention and the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, London, UK
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Takeuchi K, Izumi M, Furuta M, Takeshita T, Shibata Y, Kageyama S, Ganaha S, Yamashita Y. Posterior Teeth Occlusion Associated with Cognitive Function in Nursing Home Older Residents: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141737. [PMID: 26512900 PMCID: PMC4626072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and subsequent reduction of modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline is important for extending healthy life expectancy in the currently aging society. Although a recent increase in studies on the state or number of the teeth and cognitive function, few studies have focused on the association between posterior teeth occlusion necessary to maintain chewing function and cognitive function among older adults. This study examined the association between posterior teeth occlusion and cognitive function in nursing home older residents. In this cross-sectional study, 279 residents aged ≥60 years from eight nursing homes in Aso City, Japan participated in cognitive function and dental status assessments and completed a comprehensive questionnaire survey in 2014. Cognitive function was measured using a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Posterior teeth occlusion was assessed using a total number of functional tooth units (total-FTUs), depending on the number and location of the remaining natural and artificial teeth on implant-supported, fixed, and removable prostheses. Linear regression models were used to assess univariate and multivariate associations between total-FTUs and MMSE scores. Models were sequentially adjusted for demographic characteristics, number of natural teeth, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, comorbidities, physical function, and nutritional status. Among the 200 residents included in our analysis, mean MMSE scores and total-FTUs were 11.0 ± 8.6 and 9.3 ± 4.6, respectively. Higher total-FTUs were significantly associated with higher MMSE scores after adjustment for demographics and teeth number (B = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22–0.74). The association remained significant even after adjustment for all covariates (B = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.01–0.49). The current findings demonstrated that loss of posterior teeth occlusion was independently associated with cognitive decline in nursing home older residents in Japan. Maintenance and restoration of posterior teeth occlusion may be a preventive factor against cognitive decline in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takeuchi
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maya Izumi
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michiko Furuta
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukie Shibata
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kageyama
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seijun Ganaha
- Kizuna-kai, Aso-kizuna Dental Clinic, Aso, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Feizi A, Keshteli AH, Khazaei S, Adibi P. A new insight into masticatory function and its determinants: a latent class analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 44:46-52. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; School of Health; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Saber Khazaei
- Department of Research; School of Dentistry; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
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16
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Unell L, Johansson A, Ekbäck G, Ordell S, Carlsson GE. Dental status and self-assessed chewing ability in 70- and 80-year-old subjects in Sweden. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 42:693-700. [PMID: 25882481 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare two cohorts of elderly people, 70 and 80 years old, with respect to dental status and self-assessed chewing ability. The hypotheses were as follows: (i) dental status is associated with self-assessed chewing ability; (ii) chewing ability is poorer among the 80- than the 70-year-old subjects. Identical questionnaires were in 2012 sent to all subjects born in 1942 and 1932, living in two Swedish counties. The response rate was 70.1% resulting in samples of 5697 70- and 2922 80-year-old subjects. Answers to questions on self-assessed chewing ability, dental status and some other factors have been analysed. Dental status varied but was in general good; 72% of the 70- and 60% of the 80-year-old subjects reported that they had all or only few missing teeth. Rate of edentulism was 3% and 7%, respectively. Removable partial dentures were reported by 6% and 10%, respectively, implant treatment by 13% in both cohorts. Self-assessed chewing ability was mostly good and correlated with the number of teeth (Spearman rho = 0.46). A majority of the edentulous subjects assessed their chewing ability as very or fairly good. Logistic regression showed that self-assessed chewing ability was significantly associated with a number of dental variables but also with general health. In conclusion, dental status was relatively good at both ages but somewhat poorer in the older cohort. Dental status, some other dental variables and being healthy were in both age groups significantly associated with self-assessed chewing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Unell
- Post Graduate Dental Education Centre, Örebro County Council, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G Ekbäck
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Dentistry, Örebro County Council, Örebro, Sweden
| | - S Ordell
- Dental Commissioning Unit, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oral Public Health, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G E Carlsson
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Materials Science, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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17
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Abstract
Mastication (chewing) is important not only for food intake, but also for preserving and promoting the general health. Recent studies have showed that mastication helps to maintain cognitive functions in the hippocampus, a central nervous system region vital for spatial memory and learning. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress of the association between mastication and the hippocampus-dependent cognitive function. There are multiple neural circuits connecting the masticatory organs and the hippocampus. Both animal and human studies indicated that cognitive functioning is influenced by mastication. Masticatory dysfunction is associated with the hippocampal morphological impairments and the hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits, especially in elderly. Mastication is an effective behavior for maintaining the hippocampus-dependent cognitive performance, which deteriorates with aging. Therefore, chewing may represent a useful approach in preserving and promoting the hippocampus-dependent cognitive function in older people. We also discussed several possible mechanisms involved in the interaction between mastication and the hippocampal neurogenesis and the future directions for this unique fascinating research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Chen
- 1. Department of Anatomy Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Iinuma
- 2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Structure, Function and Development, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, Mizuho, 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minoru Onozuka
- 3. Department of Judo Therapy and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama 227-0033, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kin-Ya Kubo
- 4. Seijoh University Graduate School of Health Care Studies, Tokai, 476-8588, Aichi, Japan
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher-level competence is crucial for healthy and socially independent living, and general intelligence may underlie heath status. The aim of this study was to elucidate associations between general intelligence and higher-level competence in elderly individuals without dementia. METHODS A total of 207 community-dwelling elderly persons, aged 70-74 years, were enrolled. A personal interview was performed to obtain data on socio-demographic and medical factors; higher-level competence was evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology index of competence (TMIG index). Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test was used to assess general intelligence. Correlations between the TMIG index, its subscale scores and the RCPM score were evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Ordinal regression models were conducted with the TMIG index and its subscales as the dependent variables, RCPM as the principal independent variable, and age, sex, type of household, employment status, educational background, chronic medical conditions and number of natural teeth as the potential independent variables. RESULTS There were significant but weak positive correlations between total score on the TMIG index, scores on the intellectual activity and social role subscales and RCPM score. In ordinal regression models, RCPM and educational background were significantly associated with total score on the TMIG index and the intellectual activity subscale, and only RCPM was associated with the social role subscale score, after adjusting for other potential variables. CONCLUSION General intelligence may be significantly associated with higher-level competence, especially with intellectual activity and social role subscales, in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Moriya
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
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19
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Hayasaka K, Tomata Y, Aida J, Watanabe T, Kakizaki M, Tsuji I. Tooth Loss and Mortality in Elderly Japanese Adults: Effect of Oral Care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:815-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hayasaka
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health; Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Masako Kakizaki
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
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20
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Abstract
There are few review articles in the area of human research that focus on the interactions between occlusion and brain function. This systematic review discusses the effect of occlusion on the health of the entire body with a focus on brain function. Available relevant articles in English from 1999 to 2011 were assessed in an online database and as hard copies in libraries. The selected 19 articles were classified into the following five categories: chewing and tongue movements, clenching and grinding, occlusal splints and occlusal interference, prosthetic rehabilitation, and pain and stimulation. The relationships between the brain activity observed in the motor and sensory cortices and movements of the oral and maxillofacial area, such as those produced by gum chewing, tapping and clenching, were investigated. It was found that the sensorimotor cortex was also affected by the placement of the occlusal interference devices, splints and implant prostheses. Brain activity may change depending on the strength of the movements in the oral and maxillofacial area. Therefore, mastication and other movements stimulate the activity in the cerebral cortex and may be helpful in preventing degradation of a brain function. However, these findings must be verified by evidence gathered from more subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ohkubo
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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21
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Moriya S, Tei K, Murata A, Muramatsu M, Inoue N, Miura H. Perceived chewing ability and need for long-term care in the elderly: a 5-year follow-up study. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39:568-75. [PMID: 22506492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing need for long-term care in older adults is expected with the ageing of Japan's population. The aim of the present study was to show the relationship between perceived chewing ability and long-term care needs for over 5 years in elderly persons. The chewing ability of 812 elderly persons living independently was evaluated at baseline using self-assessed masticatory ability, and it was classified into one of three categories: ability to chew all foods (good masticatory ability), ability to chew only slightly hard food (fair masticatory ability), and ability to only chew soft or pureed food (poor masticatory ability). Participants' care needs were then followed through Japan's long-term care insurance system for over 5 years. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used to examine statistical differences in the frequency of care-needs certification between participants with good and fair or poor masticatory ability. Among participants aged 65-79 years, the frequency of care-needs certification was significantly higher in those with fair or poor masticatory ability than in those with good masticatory ability, and the relative hazard ratio was significantly higher in those with fair or poor masticatory ability than in those with good masticatory ability, after adjusting for age, gender, current employment status, educational background, social interaction, chronic medical conditions and dentition status. These relationships were not found among those aged 80-93 years. Impairment in perceived chewing ability may be associated with higher incidence of certification in Japan's long-term care insurance system among elderly persons aged 65-79.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moriya
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
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