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Liang X, Li H, Li X, Tian X, Zhang A, Luo Q, Duan J, Chen Y, Pang L, Li C, Liang XJ, Zeng Y, Yang J. Highly sensitive H 2O 2-scavenging nano-bionic system for precise treatment of atherosclerosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:372-389. [PMID: 36815039 PMCID: PMC9939301 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory processes in local diseased areas may lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we devised a highly sensitive H2O2-scavenging nano-bionic system loaded with probucol (RPP-PU), to treat atherosclerosis more effectively. The RPP material had high sensitivity to H2O2, and the response sensitivity could be reduced from 40 to 10 μmol/L which was close to the lowest concentration of H2O2 levels of the pathological environment. RPP-PU delayed the release and prolonged the duration of PU in vivo. In Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE‒/‒) mice, RPP-PU effectively eliminated pathological ROS, reduced the level of lipids and related metabolic enzymes, and significantly decreased the area of vascular plaques and fibers. Our study demonstrated that the H2O2-scavenging nano-bionic system could scavenge the abundant ROS in the atherosclerosis lesion, thereby reducing the oxidative stress for treating atherosclerosis and thus achieve the therapeutic goals with atherosclerosis more desirably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuanling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China,Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Aiai Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075061, China
| | - Qingzhi Luo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jianwei Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Youlu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Liyun Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China,Corresponding authors.
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Bozzer S, Dal Bo M, Grimaldi MC, Toffoli G, Macor P. Nanocarriers as a Delivery Platform for Anticancer Treatment: Biological Limits and Perspectives in B-Cell Malignancies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1965. [PMID: 36145713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapies have been proposed in oncology research using various delivery methods to increase selectivity toward tumor tissues. Enhanced drug delivery through nanoparticle-based therapies could improve anti-tumor efficacy and also prevent drug resistance. However, there are still problems to overcome, such as the main biological interactions of nanocarriers. Among the various nanostructures for drug delivery, drug delivery based on polymeric nanoparticles has numerous advantages for controlling the release of biological factors, such as the ability to add a selective targeting mechanism, controlled release, protection of administered drugs, and prolonging the circulation time in the body. In addition, the functionalization of nanoparticles helps to achieve the best possible outcome. One of the most promising applications for nanoparticle-based drug delivery is in the field of onco-hematology, where there are many already approved targeted therapies, such as immunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tumor-associated antigens; however, several patients have experienced relapsed or refractory disease. This review describes the major nanocarriers proposed as new treatments for hematologic cancer, describing the main biological interactions of these nanocarriers and the related limitations of their use as drug delivery strategies.
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Zeb A, Gul M, Nguyen T, Maeng H. Controlled release and targeted drug delivery with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: reviewing two decades of research. J Pharm Investig . [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lori MS, Ohadi M, Estabragh MAR, Afsharipour S, Banat IM, Dehghannoudeh G. pH-sensitive polymer-based carriers as a useful approach for oral delivery of therapeutic protein: A review. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1230-1237. [PMID: 34303327 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210720142841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are many proteins and enzymes in the human body, and their dysfunction can lead to disease. The use of proteins as a drug is common in various diseases such as diabetes. Proteins are hydrophilic molecules whose spatial structure is critical to their correct function. There are different ways to the administration of proteins. Protein structures are degraded by gastric acid and enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and have a slight ability to permeation from the gastrointestinal epithelium due to their large hydrophilic nature. Therefore, their oral use has limitations. Since the oral use of drugs is one of the best and easiest routes for patients, many studies have been done to increase the stability, penetration and ultimately increase the bioavailability of proteins through oral administration. One of the studied strategies for oral delivery of protein is the use of pH-sensitive polymer-based carriers. These carriers use different pH-sensitive polymers such as eudragit®, chitosan, dextran, and alginate. The use of pH-sensitive polymer-based carriers by protecting the protein from stomach acid (low pH) and degrading enzymes, increasing permeability, and maintaining the spatial structure of the protein leads to increased bioavailability. In this review, we focus on the various polymers used to prepare pH-sensitive polymer-based carriers for the oral delivery of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shamseddini Lori
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mandana Ohadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sepehr Afsharipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Song JG, Lee SH, Han HK. Development of an M cell targeted nanocomposite system for effective oral protein delivery: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:15. [PMID: 33422063 PMCID: PMC7796596 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a strong need for non-invasive and patient-friendly delivery systems of protein drugs for long-term therapy. However, oral delivery of protein drugs is a big challenge due to many barriers including instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and low permeability. To overcome the absorption barriers in GI tract and improve the patient compliance, this study aimed to develop an M cell targeted-nanocomposite delivery system of protein drugs. Results An aminoclay-protein core complex (AC-Ins) was prepared by using insulin as a model protein and then sequentially coated with Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) for M-cell targeting and the pH sensitive polymer, Eudragit® L100 (EUAC-Ins). All nanoparticles were obtained with a high entrapment efficiency (> 90%) and their structural characteristics were confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Among the developed nanoparticles, EUAC-Ins effectively suppressed drug release at pH 1.2, while rapidly released drugs at pH 6.8 due to dissolution of the outer coating layer. The conformational stability of insulin entrapped in EUAC-Ins was well maintained in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Compared to free insulin, EUAC-Ins increased the membrane transport of insulin by 4.4-fold in M cells. In parallel, oral administration of EUAC-Ins in mice enhanced insulin uptake by 4.1-fold in the intestinal Peyer’s patches and 2.6-fold in intestinal epithelium tissues with normal villi, compared to free insulin. Orally administered EUAC-Ins decreased significantly the blood glucose level in diabetic mice, while the effect of oral insulin solution was negligible. Conclusion An M cell targeted-ternary nanocomposite system obtained by dual coating of the aminoclay-protein core complex with UEA-1 and a pH dependent polymer is promising as an effective oral protein delivery carrier. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Song
- BK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea.
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Bahman F, Greish K, Taurin S. Nanotechnology in Insulin Delivery for Management of Diabetes. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 7:113-128. [PMID: 30907328 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190321110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and originating from the deficiency or resistance to insulin, or both. Ultimately, the most effective treatment for patients with diabetes involves subcutaneous injections of insulin. However, this route of administration is often painful and inconvenient, as most patients will have to selfadminister it at least twice a day for the rest of their lives. Also, infection, insulin precipitation, and either lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy are frequently observed at the site of injection. To date, several alternative routes of insulin administration have been explored, including nasal, pulmonary and oral. Although the delivery of insulin is an ideal route for diabetic patients, several limitations have to be overcome such as the rapid degradation of insulin in gastric fluid and low oral bioavailability. Numerous strategies have been carried out to improve these limited parameters such as the use of enzyme inhibitors, absorption enhancers, mucoadhesive polymers and chemical modification for receptor-mediated absorption. Also, insulin-loaded nanocarriers bypass several physiological barriers. This current review focuses on the various barriers existing in the delivery of insulin through the oral route and the strategies undertaken so far to overcome those obstacles using nanocarriers as a potential vehicle of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Bahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Bajracharya R, Song JG, Back SY, Han HK. Recent Advancements in Non-Invasive Formulations for Protein Drug Delivery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1290-1308. [PMID: 31921395 PMCID: PMC6944732 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in biotechnology and protein engineering expand the availability of various therapeutic proteins including vaccines, antibodies, hormones, and growth factors. In addition, protein drugs hold many therapeutic advantages over small synthetic drugs in terms of high specificity and activity. This has led to further R&D investment in protein-based drug products and an increased number of drug approvals for therapeutic proteins. However, there are many biological and biopharmaceutical obstacles inherent to protein drugs including physicochemical and enzymatic destabilization, which limit their development and clinical application. Therefore, effective formulations of therapeutic proteins are needed to overcome the various physicochemical and biological barriers. In current medical practice, protein drugs are predominantly available in injectable formulations, which have disadvantages including pain, the possibility of infection, high cost, and low patient compliance. Consequently, non-invasive drug delivery systems for therapeutic proteins have gained great attention in the research and development of biomedicines. Therefore, this review covers the various formulation approaches to optimizing the delivery properties of protein drugs with an emphasis on improving bioavailability and patient compliance. It provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in nanotechnologies with regard to non-invasive protein drug delivery systems, which is also categorized by the route of administrations including oral, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, ocular, and rectal delivery systems.
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Mansoor S, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, Pillay V. Polymer-Based Nanoparticle Strategies for Insulin Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1380. [PMID: 31443473 PMCID: PMC6780129 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic illness estimated to have affected 451 million individuals to date, with this number expected to significantly rise in the coming years. There are two main classes of this disease, namely type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin therapy is pivotal in the management of diabetes, with diabetic individuals taking multiple daily insulin injections. However, the mode of administration has numerous drawbacks, resulting in poor patient compliance. In order to optimize insulin therapy, novel drug delivery systems (DDSes) have been suggested, and alternative routes of administration have been investigated. A novel aspect in the field of drug delivery was brought about by the coalescence of polymeric science and nanotechnology. In addition to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), insulin DDSes can incorporate the use of nanoplatforms/carriers. A combination of these systems can bring about novel formulations and lead to significant improvements in the drug delivery system (DDS) with regard to therapeutic efficacy, bioavailability, increased half-life, improved transport through physical and chemical barriers, and controlled drug delivery. This review will discuss how recent developments in polymer chemistry and nanotechnology have been employed in a multitude of platforms as well as in administration routes for the safe and efficient delivery of insulin for the treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Mansoor
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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Lin YJ, Mi FL, Lin PY, Miao YB, Huang T, Chen KH, Chen CT, Chang Y, Sung HW. Strategies for improving diabetic therapy via alternative administration routes that involve stimuli-responsive insulin-delivering systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:71-82. [PMID: 30529306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of insulin in micro- or nanodelivery systems may eliminate the need for frequent subcutaneous injections, improving the quality of life of diabetic patients. Formulations for oral, intranasal, pulmonary, subcutaneous, and transdermal administration have been developed. The use of stimuli-responsive polymeric carriers that can release the encapsulated drug in response to changes of the environmental stimuli or external activation enables the design of less invasive or non-invasive systems for smart insulin delivery from depots in the body. This article will look at strategies for the development of responsive delivery systems and the future meeting of the demands of new modes of insulin delivery.
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Banerjee A, Lee J, Mitragotri S. Intestinal mucoadhesive devices for oral delivery of insulin. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:338-346. [PMID: 29313019 PMCID: PMC5689539 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery of proteins such as insulin has been a long‐lasting challenge owing to gastrointestinal degradation and poor permeability of therapeutic macromolecules across biological membranes. We have developed mucoadhesive intestinal devices for oral delivery of insulin to address this challenge. Here we demonstrate a combination of intestinal devices and a permeation enhancer, dimethyl palmitoyl ammonio propanesulfonate (PPS), for oral delivery of insulin. The devices were delivered from a capsule coated with a pH‐responsive enteric coating. The devices adhere to intestinal mucosa, release their protein load unidirectionally, and prevent enzymatic degradation in the gut. Devices were found to completely release their drug load within 3–4 hr and showed excellent strength of mucoadhesion to porcine intestine. Devices loaded with insulin and PPS significantly decreased blood glucose levels by 30 and 33% in diabetic and nondiabetic rats, respectively. These studies demonstrate that intestinal mucoadhesive devices are a promising oral alternative to insulin injections and therefore should be further explored for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106
| | - JooHee Lee
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106.,Center for Bioengineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106
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Abstract
Currently, repeated routine subcutaneous injections of insulin are the standard treatment for insulin-dependent diabetic patients. However, patients' poor compliance for injections often fails to achieve the stable concentration of blood glucose. As a protein drug, the oral bioavailability of insulin is low due to many physiological reasons. Several carriers, such as macromolecules and liposomes have been used to deliver drugs in vivo. In this review article, the gastrointestinal barriers of oral insulin administration are described. Strategies for increasing the bioavailability of oral insulin, such absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, enteric coatings are also introduced. The potential absorption mechanisms of insulin-loaded nanoparticles across the intestinal epithelium, including intestinal lymphatic route, transcellular route and paracellular route are discussed in this review. Natural polymers, such as chitosan and its derivates, alginate derivatives, γ-PGA-based materials and starch-based nanoparticles have been exploited for oral insulin delivery; synthetic polymers, such as PLGA, PLA, PCL and PEA have also been developed for oral administration of insulin. This review focuses on recent advances in using biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers for oral insulin delivery along with their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan Luo
- a School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang , China and
| | - Xiang Yuan Xiong
- a School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang , China and
| | - Yuan Tian
- b China National Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd ., Beijing , China
| | - Zi Ling Li
- a School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang , China and
| | - Yan Chun Gong
- a School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang , China and
| | - Yu Ping Li
- a School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang , China and
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is the drug therapy for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A number of attempts have been made in the past to overcome the problems associated with the oral delivery of insulin, but with little success. Orally administered insulin has encountered with many difficulties such as rapid degradation and poor intestinal absorption. The potential use of D-α-tocopherol poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS)-emulsified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-capped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated for sustained delivery of insulin (IS). OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of TPGS-emulsified PEG-capped PLGA NPs (TPPLG NPs) as a potential drug carrier for the oral delivery of insulin. METHODS A series of biodegradable low-molecular-weight PLGA (80/20 [PLG4] and 70/30 [PLG6]) copolymers were synthesized by melt polycondensation. The commercial insulin-loaded TPGS-emulsified PEG-capped PLGA NPs (ISTPPLG NPs) were synthesized by water-oil-water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The physical and chemical properties of PLGA copolymers, particle size, zeta potential, and morphology of the NPs were examined. The in vivo studies of ISTPPLG NPs were carried out in diabetic rats by oral administration. RESULTS The maximum encapsulation efficiency of ISTPPLG6 NPs was 78.6% ± 1.2%, and the mean diameter of the NPs was 180 ± 20 nm. The serum glucose level was significantly (twofold) decreased on treatment with ISTPPLG NPs, and there was a threefold decrease with insulin-loaded PLGA (70/30) NPs when compared to that of free insulin-treated diabetic rats. The results show that the oral administration of ISTPPLG6 NPs is an effective method of reducing serum glucose level for a period of 24 hours. Histopathological studies reveal that ISTPPLG NPs could restore the damage caused by streptozotocin in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas, indicating its biocompatibility and regenerative effects. CONCLUSION ISTPPLG6 NPs can act as potential drug carriers for the oral delivery of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Malathi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perumal Nandhakumar
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velayudham Pandiyan
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
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Fonte P, Araújo F, Silva C, Pereira C, Reis S, Santos HA, Sarmento B. Polymer-based nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery: Revisited approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1342-54. [PMID: 25728065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a high prevalence and one of the most severe and lethal diseases in the world. Insulin is commonly used to treat diabetes in order to give patients a better life condition. However, due to bioavailability problems, the most common route of insulin administration is the subcutaneous route, which may present patients compliance problems to treatment. The oral administration is thus considered the most convenient alternative to deliver insulin, but it faces important challenges. The low stability of insulin in the gastrointestinal tract and low intestinal permeation, are problems to overcome. Therefore, the encapsulation of insulin into polymer-based nanoparticles is presented as a good strategy to improve insulin oral bioavailability. In the last years, different strategies and polymers have been used to encapsulate insulin and deliver it orally. Polymers with distinct properties from natural or synthetic sources have been used to achieve this aim, and among them may be found chitosan, dextran, alginate, poly(γ-glutamic acid), hyaluronic acid, poly(lactic acid), poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid), polycaprolactone (PCL), acrylic polymers and polyallylamine. Promising studies have been developed and positive results were obtained, but there is not a polymeric-based nanoparticle system to deliver insulin orally available in the market yet. There is also a lack of long term toxicity studies about the safety of the developed carriers. Thus, the aims of this review are first to provide a deep understanding on the oral delivery of insulin and the possible routes for its uptake, and then to overview the evolution of this field in the last years of research of insulin-loaded polymer-based nanoparticles in the academic and industrial fields. Toxicity concerns of the discussed nanocarriers are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fonte
- REQUINTE, Department of Chemical Sciences-Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Francisca Araújo
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cátia Silva
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- REQUINTE, Department of Chemical Sciences-Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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Silva A, Rosalia R, Sazak A, Carstens M, Ossendorp F, Oostendorp J, Jiskoot W. Optimization of encapsulation of a synthetic long peptide in PLGA nanoparticles: Low-burst release is crucial for efficient CD8+ T cell activation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Macromolecular therapeutics, in particular, many biologics, is the most advancing category of drugs over conventional chemical drugs. The potency and specificity of the biologics for curing certain disease made them to be a leading compound in the pharmaceutical industry. However, due to their intrinsic nature, including high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and instability, they are difficult to be administered via non-invasive route. This is a major quest especially in biologics, as they are frequently used clinically for chronic disorders, which requires long-term administration. Therefore, many efforts have been made to develop formulation for non-invasive administration, in attempt to improve patient compliance and convenience. In this review, strategies for non-invasive delivery, in particular, oral, pulmonary and nasal delivery, that are recently adopted for delivery of biologics are discussed. Insulin, calcitonin and heparin were mainly focused for the discussion as they could represent protein, polypeptide and polysaccharide drugs, respectively. Many recent attempts for non-invasive delivery of biologics are compared to provide an insight of developing successful delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Chung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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