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Stoner DC, McDonald Z, Coon CAC. Stepping stones to extirpation: Puma patch occupancy thresholds in an urban-wildland matrix. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10381. [PMID: 37546565 PMCID: PMC10401668 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of species range contraction and extirpation, worldwide. Factors that predict sensitivity to fragmentation include high trophic level, large body size, and extensive spatial requirements. Pumas (Puma concolor) exemplify these qualities, making them particularly susceptible to fragmentation and subsequent reductions in demographic connectivity. The chaparral-dominated ecosystems surrounding the greater San Francisco Bay Area encompass over 10,000 km2 of suitable puma habitat, but inland waterways, croplands, urban land uses, and extensive transportation infrastructure have resulted in widespread habitat fragmentation. Pumas in this region now exist as a metapopulation marked by loss of genetic diversity, collisions with vehicles, and extensive human-puma conflict. Given these trends, we conducted a photo survey from 2017 to 2021 across 19 patches of predicted habitat and compiled a dataset of >6584 puma images. We used a logistic regression analytical framework to evaluate the hypothesis that puma patch occupancy would exhibit a threshold response explained by patch size, isolation, and habitat quality. Contrary to predictions, only variables related to patch size demonstrated any power to explain occupancy. On average, occupied patches were 18× larger than those where they were not detected (825 ± 1238 vs. 46 ± 101 km2). Although we observed pumas in patches as small as 1 km2, logistic regression models indicated a threshold occupancy probability between 300 and 400 km2, which is remarkably close to the mean male puma home range size in coastal California (~381 km2). Puma populations dependent on habitats below this value may be susceptible to inbreeding depression and human-wildlife conflict, and therefore vulnerable to extirpation. For species conservation, we suggest conflicts might be ameliorated by identifying the largest, isolated patches for public education campaigns with respect to management of domestic animals, and remaining connective parcels be identified, mapped, and prioritized for targeted mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Stoner
- Department of Wildland ResourcesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Felidae Conservation FundMill ValleyCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Murphy SM, Beausoleil RA, Stewart H, Cox JJ. Review of puma density estimates reveals sources of bias and variation, and the need for standardization. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022; 35:e02109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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3
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Carter NH, Pradhan N, Hengaju K, Sonawane C, Sage AH, Grimm V. Forecasting effects of transport infrastructure on endangered tigers: a tool for conservation planning. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13472. [PMID: 35602904 PMCID: PMC9121866 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of transport infrastructure is a major threat to endangered species worldwide. Roads and railways can increase animal mortality, fragment habitats, and exacerbate other threats to biodiversity. Predictive models that forecast the future impacts to endangered species can guide land-use planning in ways that proactively reduce the negative effects of transport infrastructure. Agent-based models are well suited for predictive scenario testing, yet their application to endangered species conservation is rare. Here, we developed a spatially explicit, agent-based model to forecast the effects of transport infrastructure on an isolated tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Nepal's Chitwan National Park-a global biodiversity hotspot. Specifically, our model evaluated the independent and interactive effects of two mechanisms by which transport infrastructure may affect tigers: (a) increasing tiger mortality, e.g., via collisions with vehicles, and (b) depleting prey near infrastructure. We projected potential impacts on tiger population dynamics based on the: (i) existing transportation network in and near the park, and (ii) the inclusion of a proposed railway intersecting through the park's buffer zone. Our model predicted that existing roads would kill 46 tigers over 20 years via increased mortality, and reduced the adult tiger population by 39% (133 to 81). Adding the proposed railway directly killed 10 more tigers over those 20 years; deaths that reduced the overall tiger population by 30 more individuals (81 to 51). Road-induced mortality also decreased the proportion of time a tiger occupied a given site by 5 years in the 20-year simulation. Interestingly, we found that transportation-induced depletion of prey decreased tiger occupancy by nearly 20% in sites close to roads and the railway, thereby reducing tiger exposure to transportation-induced mortality. The results of our model constitute a strong argument for taking into account prey distributions into the planning of roads and railways. Our model can promote tiger-friendly transportation development, for example, by improving Environmental Impact Assessments, identifying "no go" zones where transport infrastructure should be prohibited, and recommending alternative placement of roads and railways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil H. Carter
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Narendra Pradhan
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Krishna Hengaju
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Abigail H. Sage
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wenatchee, United States of America
| | - Volker Grimm
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research –UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Logan
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2300 S. Townsend Avenue Montrose CO 81401 USA
| | - Jonathan P. Runge
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 317 W. Prospect Road Fort Collins CO 80526 USA
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5
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Pereira JA, Thompson J, Di Bitetti MS, Fracassi NG, Paviolo A, Fameli AF, Novaro AJ. A small protected area facilitates persistence of a large carnivore in a ranching landscape. J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Miller KJ, Erxleben DR, Rains ND, Martin JC, Mathewson HA, Meik JM. Spatial Use and Survivorship of Translocated Wild‐Caught Texas Horned Lizards. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Miller
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 114 Center Avenue, Suite 300 Brownwood TX 76801 USA
| | - Devin R. Erxleben
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Box T‐0050 Stephenville TX 76402 USA
| | - Nathan D. Rains
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 114 Center Avenue, Suite 300 Brownwood TX 76801 USA
| | - James C. Martin
- Texas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentMcGillivray and Leona McKie Muse Wildlife Management Area P.O. Box 113 May TX 76857 USA
| | - Heather A. Mathewson
- Department of Wildlife, Sustainabilityand Ecosystem Sciences, Tarleton State University Box T‐0050 Stephenville TX 76402 USA
| | - Jesse M. Meik
- Department of Biological SciencesTarleton State University Box T‐0100 Stephenville TX 76402 USA
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Treves A, Krofel M, Ohrens O, van Eeden LM. Predator Control Needs a Standard of Unbiased Randomized Experiments With Cross-Over Design. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dellinger JA, Loft ER, Bertram RC, Neal DL, Kenyon MW, Torres SG. Seasonal Spatial Ecology of Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) in the Central Sierra Nevada. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Dellinger
- Wildlife Investigations Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Rd., Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
| | - Eric R. Loft
- Wildlife Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1416 Ninth St., Sacramento, CA 95814
| | - Ronald C. Bertram
- Wildlife Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1416 Ninth St., Sacramento, CA 95814
| | - Donald L. Neal
- United States Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 E. Sierra Ave., Fresno, CA 93710
| | - Marc W. Kenyon
- Wildlife Investigations Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Rd., Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
| | - Steven G. Torres
- Wildlife Investigations Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Rd., Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M. Andreasen
- University of Nevada-Reno; Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; 1664 N. Virginia Street, Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Kelley M. Stewart
- University of Nevada-Reno; Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; 1664 N. Virginia Street, Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - James S. Sedinger
- University of Nevada-Reno; Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; 1664 N. Virginia Street, Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Carl W. Lackey
- Nevada Department of Wildlife; 1100 Valley Road Reno NV 89512 USA
| | - Jon P. Beckmann
- Wildlife Conservation Society; North America Program; 212 S. Wallace Avenue, Suite 101 Bozeman MT 59715 USA
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Frank SC, Leclerc M, Pelletier F, Rosell F, Swenson JE, Bischof R, Kindberg J, Eiken HG, Hagen SB, Zedrosser A. Sociodemographic factors modulate the spatial response of brown bears to vacancies created by hunting. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:247-258. [PMID: 28994099 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the importance of indirect effects from hunting on wildlife populations, e.g. social and behavioural changes due to harvest, which occur after the initial offtake. Nonetheless, little is known about how the removal of members of a population influences the spatial configuration of the survivors. We studied how surviving brown bears (Ursus arctos) used former home ranges that had belonged to casualties of the annual bear hunting season in southcentral Sweden (2007-2015). We used resource selection functions to explore the effects of the casualty's and survivor's sex, age and their pairwise genetic relatedness, population density and hunting intensity on survivors' spatial responses to vacated home ranges. We tested the competitive release hypothesis, whereby survivors that increase their use of a killed bear's home range are presumed to have been released from intraspecific competition. We found strong support for this hypothesis, as survivors of the same sex as the casualty consistently increased their use of its vacant home range. Patterns were less pronounced or absent when the survivor and casualty were of opposite sex. Genetic relatedness between the survivor and the casualty emerged as the most important factor explaining increased use of vacated male home ranges by males, with a stronger response from survivors of lower relatedness. Relatedness was also important for females, but it did not influence use following removal; female survivors used home ranges of higher related female casualties more, both before and after death. Spatial responses by survivors were further influenced by bear age, population density and hunting intensity. We have shown that survivors exhibit a spatial response to vacated home ranges caused by hunting casualties, even in nonterritorial species such as the brown bear. This spatial reorganization can have unintended consequences for population dynamics and interfere with management goals. Altogether, our results underscore the need to better understand the short- and long-term indirect effects of hunting on animal social structure and their resulting distribution in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Frank
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences, and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Telemark, Norway
| | - Martin Leclerc
- Département de Biologie, Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography and Conservation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de Biologie, Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography and Conservation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frank Rosell
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences, and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Telemark, Norway
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard Bischof
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Geir Eiken
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanhovd, Norway
| | - Snorre B Hagen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanhovd, Norway
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences, and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Telemark, Norway.,Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Frank SC, Ordiz A, Gosselin J, Hertel A, Kindberg J, Leclerc M, Pelletier F, Steyaert SMJG, Støen OG, Van de Walle J, Zedrosser A, Swenson JE. Indirect effects of bear hunting: a review from Scandinavia. URSUS 2017. [DOI: 10.2192/ursu-d-16-00028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane C. Frank
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Environmental and Health Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Andrés Ordiz
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jacinthe Gosselin
- Départment de Biologie, Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Anne Hertel
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Leclerc
- Départment de Biologie, Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Départment de Biologie, Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sam M. J. G. Steyaert
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Environmental and Health Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole-Gunnar Støen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joanie Van de Walle
- Départment de Biologie, Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Demography, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Environmental and Health Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
- Institute for Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon E. Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Koenig SJ, Bender DJ. Generalizing matrix structure affects the identification of least-cost paths and patch connectivity. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2018; 11:95-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-017-0351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Jędrzejewski W, Puerto MF, Goldberg JF, Hebblewhite M, Abarca M, Gamarra G, Calderón LE, Romero JF, Viloria ÁL, Carreño R, Robinson HS, Lampo M, Boede EO, Biganzoli A, Stachowicz I, Velásquez G, Schmidt K. Density and population structure of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in a protected area of Los Llanos, Venezuela, from 1 year of camera trap monitoring. MAMMAL RES 2017; 62:9-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-016-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lamb CT, Mowat G, McLellan BN, Nielsen SE, Boutin S. Forbidden fruit: human settlement and abundant fruit create an ecological trap for an apex omnivore. J Anim Ecol 2016; 86:55-65. [PMID: 27677529 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat choice is an evolutionary product of animals experiencing increased fitness when preferentially occupying high-quality habitat. However, an ecological trap (ET) can occur when an animal is presented with novel conditions and the animal's assessment of habitat quality is poorly matched to its resulting fitness. We tested for an ET for grizzly (brown) bears using demographic and movement data collected in an area with rich food resources and concentrated human settlement. We derived measures of habitat attractiveness from occurrence models of bear food resources and estimated demographic parameters using DNA mark-recapture information collected over 8 years (2006-2013). We then paired this information with grizzly bear mortality records to investigate kill and movement rates. Our results demonstrate that a valley high in both berry resources and human density was more attractive than surrounding areas, and bears occupying this region faced 17% lower apparent survival. Despite lower fitness, we detected a net flow of bears into the ET, which contributed to a study-wide population decline. This work highlights the presence and pervasiveness of an ET for an apex omnivore that lacks the evolutionary cues, under human-induced rapid ecological change, to assess trade-offs between food resources and human-caused mortality, which results in maladaptive habitat selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T Lamb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Garth Mowat
- Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Nelson, BC, V1L 4K3, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. 5003, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Bruce N McLellan
- BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, P.O. Box 1732, D'Arcy, BC V0N 1L0, Canada
| | - Scott E Nielsen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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Zanón-Martínez JI, Kelly MJ, Mesa-Cruz JB, Sarasola JH, DeHart C, Travaini A. Density and activity patterns of pumas in hunted and non-hunted areas in central Argentina. Wildl Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/wr16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Hunting has demographic effects on large and medium carnivores, causing population reductions and even extinctions worldwide. Yet, there is little information on carnivore demographic parameters and spatial and temporal land-use patterns in areas experiencing sport hunting, thus hindering effective conservation plans for such areas.
Aims
We estimated densities and determined activity patterns of pumas (Puma concolor) from camera-trapping surveys in a protected area and in a game reserve with sport hunting, in the Caldén forest of central Argentina.
Methods
We used both non-spatial and spatial mark–resight techniques to estimate and compare puma densities and we used kernel-density estimation (KDE) techniques to analyse and compare puma activity patterns between study sites.
Key results
Puma densities estimated from spatial models were lower than densities estimated from non-spatial mark–resight techniques. However, estimated density of pumas in the protected area was always higher (range = 4.89–9.32 per 100 km2) than in the game reserve (range = 0.52–1.98 per 100 km2), regardless of the estimation technique used. Trapping rates for large mammal prey were similar across sites. Pumas exhibited more nocturnal behaviour and high activity peaks at 0600 hours and 1100 hours in the hunted game reserve, whereas puma activity was spread more evenly around the clock in the protected area.
Conclusions
The higher puma densities in the protected area reflect the potential for such areas to function as refugia in a human-dominated landscape. However, the game reserve had a lower puma density than the protected area despite high trap rates of large prey, indicating that these areas may function as attractive sinks.
Implications
Our results could indicate that puma sport hunting in the Caldén forest should be managed at a metapopulation, regional level, and include both no-hunting areas (protected area, as potential sources) and hunting areas (game reserves, as potential sinks). Considering that our study areas were small and that this was an unreplicated study, we urge more research to be conducted, so as to determine whether sport hunting is compatible with puma conservation in the region.
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Robinson HS, Ruth T, Gude JA, Choate D, Desimone R, Hebblewhite M, Kunkel K, Matchett MR, Mitchell MS, Murphy K, Williams J. Linking resource selection and mortality modeling for population estimation of mountain lions in Montana. Ecol Modell 2015; 312:11-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Furrer RD, Pasinelli G. Empirical evidence for source-sink populations: a review on occurrence, assessments and implications. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:782-95. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman D. Furrer
- Swiss Ornithological Institute; Seerose 1 CH-6204 Sempach Switzerland
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Drury KLS, Suter JD, Rendall JB, Kramer AM, Drake JM. Immigration can destabilize tri-trophic interactions: implications for conservation of top predators. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015; 8:285-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-014-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Clark DA, Johnson BK, Jackson DH, Henjum M, Findholt SL, Akenson JJ, Anthony RG. Survival rates of cougars in Oregon from 1989 to 2011: A retrospective analysis. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren A. Clark
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Bruce K. Johnson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - DeWaine H. Jackson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 4192 North Umpqua Hwy Roseburg OR 97470 USA
| | - Mark Henjum
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 107 20th Street La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Scott L. Findholt
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - James J. Akenson
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 107 20th Street La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Robert G. Anthony
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331 USA
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Rinehart KA, Elbroch LM, Wittmer HU. Common Biases in Density Estimation Based on Home Range Overlap with Reference to Pumas in Patagonia. Wildlife Biology 2014. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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22
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Thompson DJ, Jenks JA, Fecske DM. Prevalence of human-caused mortality in an unhunted cougar population and potential impacts to management. WILDLIFE SOC B 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Thompson
- Department of Natural Resource Management; South Dakota State University; Brookings SD 57007 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Jenks
- Department of Natural Resource Management; South Dakota State University; Brookings SD 57007 USA
| | - Dorothy M. Fecske
- Department of Natural Resource Management; South Dakota State University; Brookings SD 57007 USA
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23
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Chase Grey JN, Kent VT, Hill RA. Evidence of a high density population of harvested leopards in a montane environment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82832. [PMID: 24349375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of large carnivores can persist in mountainous environments following extensive land use change and the conversion of suitable habitat for agriculture and human habitation in lower lying areas of their range. The significance of these populations is poorly understood, however, and little attention has focussed on why certain mountainous areas can hold high densities of large carnivores and what the conservation implications of such populations might be. Here we use the leopard (Panthera pardus) population in the western Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa, as a model system and show that montane habitats can support high numbers of leopards. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) analysis recorded the highest density of leopards reported outside of state-protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This density represents a temporally high local abundance of leopards and we explore the explanations for this alongside some of the potential conservation implications.
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Beausoleil RA, Koehler GM, Maletzke BT, Kertson BN, Wielgus RB. Research to regulation: Cougar social behavior as a guide for management. WILDLIFE SOC B 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Beausoleil
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 3515 State Highway 97A; Wenatchee; WA; 98801; USA
| | - Gary M. Koehler
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 2218 Stephanie Brooke; Wenatchee; WA; 98801; USA
| | - Benjamin T. Maletzke
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; P.O. Box 522; Pullman; WA; 99163; USA
| | - Brian N. Kertson
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1775 12th Ave NW, Suite 201; Issaquah; WA; 98027; USA
| | - Robert B. Wielgus
- Large Carnivore Conservation Lab; Washington State University; Pullman; WA; 99163; USA
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Creel S, Rosenblatt E. Using pedigree reconstruction to estimate population size: genotypes are more than individually unique marks. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1294-304. [PMID: 23762516 PMCID: PMC3678484 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of population size are critical for conservation and management, but accurate estimates are difficult to obtain for many species. Noninvasive genetic methods are increasingly used to estimate population size, particularly in elusive species such as large carnivores, which are difficult to count by most other methods. In most such studies, genotypes are treated simply as unique individual identifiers. Here, we develop a new estimator of population size based on pedigree reconstruction. The estimator accounts for individuals that were directly sampled, individuals that were not sampled but whose genotype could be inferred by pedigree reconstruction, and individuals that were not detected by either of these methods. Monte Carlo simulations show that the population estimate is unbiased and precise if sampling is of sufficient intensity and duration. Simulations also identified sampling conditions that can cause the method to overestimate or underestimate true population size; we present and discuss methods to correct these potential biases. The method detected 2–21% more individuals than were directly sampled across a broad range of simulated sampling schemes. Genotypes are more than unique identifiers, and the information about relationships in a set of genotypes can improve estimates of population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Creel
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University Bozeman, Montana, 59717 ; Zambian Carnivore Programme Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia
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Andreasen AM, Stewart KM, Longland WS, Beckmann JP, Forister ML. Identification of source-sink dynamics in mountain lions of the Great Basin. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5689-701. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M. Andreasen
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology; University of Nevada; 1664 N. Virginia Street, Stop 314; Reno; NV; 89557; USA
| | - Kelley M. Stewart
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Nevada; 1664 N. Virginia Street, Stop 186; Reno; NV; 89503; USA
| | - William S. Longland
- Agricultural Research Service; USDA, University of Nevada; 920 Valley Road; Reno; NV; 89512; USA
| | - Jon P. Beckmann
- North America Program; Wildlife Conservation Society; 301 N. Willson Ave.; Bozeman; MT; 59715; USA
| | - Matthew L. Forister
- Biology Department; University of Nevada; 1664 N. Virginia Street, Stop 314; Reno; NV; 89557; USA
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Becker MS, Watson FG, Droge E, Leigh K, Carlson RS, Carlson AA. Estimating past and future male loss in three Zambian lion populations. J Wildl Manage 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gude JA, Mitchell MS, Russell RE, Sime CA, Bangs EE, Mech LD, Ream RR. Wolf population dynamics in the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains are affected by recruitment and human-caused mortality. J Wildl Manage 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hostetler JA, Onorato DP, Bolker BM, Johnson WE, O’brien SJ, Jansen D, Oli MK. Does genetic introgression improve female reproductive performance? A test on the endangered Florida panther. Oecologia 2012; 168:289-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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