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Chen Y, Zeng Y, Zhu X, Miao L, Liang X, Duan J, Li H, Tian X, Pang L, Wei Y, Yang J. Significant difference between sirolimus and paclitaxel nanoparticles in anti-proliferation effect in normoxia and hypoxia: The basis of better selection of atherosclerosis treatment. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:880-889. [PMID: 33024904 PMCID: PMC7530254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with paclitaxel, sirolimus has been more used in the treatment of vascular restenosis gradually as an anti-proliferative drug, but few basic studies have elucidated its mechanism. The anti-proliferative effects of sirolimus or paclitaxel have been demonstrated by numerous studies under normoxia, but few studies have been achieved focusing hypoxia. In this study, porcine carotid artery injury model and classical cobalt chloride hypoxia cell model were established. Sirolimus nanoparticles (SRM-NPs), paclitaxel nanoparticles (PTX-NPs) and blank nanoparticles (Blank-NPs) were prepared respectively. The effect of RPM-NPs on the degree of stenosis, proliferative index and the expression of PCNA after 28 days of porcine carotid artery injury model was evaluated. Compared with saline group and SRM groups, SRM-NPs group suppressed vascular stenosis, proliferative index and the expression of PCNA (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) were pre-treated with cobaltous chloride, followed by SRM-NPs, PTX-NPs, Blank-NPs or PBS control treating, the effects on cell proliferation, HIF-1 expression and glycolysis were detected. SRM-NPs could inhibit EC and SMC proliferation under hypoxia, while PTX-NPs couldn't (P < 0.001). Significant differences between sirolimus and paclitaxel NPs in anti-proliferation effect under normoxia and hypoxia may due to the different inhibitory effects on HIF-1α expression and glycolysis. In conclusion, these results suggest that sirolimus can inhibit the proliferation of hypoxic cells more effectively than paclitaxel. These observations may provide a basis for understanding clinical vascular stenosis therapeutic differences between rapamycin and paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
- Henan Center for Patent Examination and Cooperation of the Patent Office of the State Intellectual Property Office, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Lifu Miao
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Jianwei Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Liyun Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective study to investigate the effects of elastic stockings (GCS) 23-32 mmHg at ankle on Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) from soleus muscle under rest and after a walking program. METHODS Fourteen subjects wore two types of GCS, at different times. Electrophysiological examinations were carried out at rest without and with GCS, immediately after walking with GCS and 20 minutes later after removing GCS. RESULTS Peripheral nerve conduction remained unchanged after using the GCS. Conversely, walking with GCS led to changes in a spinal cord pathway expressed as a decrease of H-threshold and an increase of H-size as a function of stimulus intensity, which lasted for at least 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS GCS has no effect on the peripheral nervous system. The GCS intolerance and the discomfort sometimes reported by patients do not derive from a dysfunction of the lower limb peripheral nervous system. A positive action on spinal reflex excitability is detected after walking while wearing GCS. We suggest that nervous descending activity due to voluntary contractions, and afferent cutaneous discharge, enhanced by movement under compression, converge on inhibitory interneurons, thus impinging on presynaptic pathways. All this can lead to an enhancement of the monosynaptic responses. Higher limb oxygenation detected during walking with GCS, found by other Authors, could increase the sensitivity of the muscle spindle afferents and/or motor neuron excitability resulting in an increase in H-reflex excitability, with potential positive effects on neuromuscular activities improving proprioception and postural control of the lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mancini
- Unit of Phlebolymphology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mariani
- European Training Center in Phlebology - European Union of Medical Specialists, Angiomedica Vein Clinic, Colle Val d'Elsa, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - David Cioncoloni
- Unit of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Ginanneschi
- Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy -
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Abstract
AIMS Diabetic foot disease is associated with both macro- and microvascular disease. Exercise has both positive and negative effects on the perfusion of lower limbs with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). We aimed to measure changes in foot perfusion following a brief period of lower-limb exercise in individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes and non-critical PAOD. METHODS Subjects were allocated to groups according to the presence or absence of diabetes, PAOD on colour duplex imaging and clinically detectable peripheral neuropaIthy. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO(2)), transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (TcPCO(2)), ankle-brachial pressure indices, toe pressures and toe-brachial pressure indices (TBI) were measured. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen limbs were studied in 61 subjects. Post-exercise, toe pressure and TBI increased in the non-diabetic group with arterial disease, but not in the groups with diabetes. Foot TcPO(2) values increased in groups with diabetes and TcPCO(2) decreased in all groups with arterial disease. Increased chest TcPO(2) and decreased TcPCO(2) were demonstrated in the groups with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Elevations in foot TcPO(2) and reductions in TcPCO(2) indicate improved cutaneous perfusion response to local heating post-exercise. Elevated toe pressures in the non-diabetes group suggest that improved perfusion may be associated with enhanced lower limb macrovascular haemodynamics. However, improvements in TcPO(2) and TcPCO(2) at foot and chest sites in diabetes imply a global change in cutaneous perfusion. The results suggest that brief exercise results in an improvement in cutaneous perfusion in non-critical PAOD, particularly in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Williams
- Wound Healing Research Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Zulet MA, Berraondo B, Milagro FI, Martínez JA. Hypolipidemic properties of a diphenyl-methylen-ethylamine derivative with affinity for beta 3-adrenoceptors in a model of hypercholesterolemia. Farmaco 1999; 54:710-2. [PMID: 10575741 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
beta 3-Adrenergic agonists have been proposed as potential new drugs for the treatment of diabetes and/or obesity therapy, because of the hypoglycemic and lipolytic effects found with some of these compounds. Moreover, their application in other therapeutic areas such as hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis has been suggested. This experimental trial was conducted to assess the effects of Trecadrine, a new molecule with affinity for beta 3-adrenoceptors, on a model of hypercholesterolemia in rats, and also to explore a possible beneficial role of these agents in lipid disturbances therapy. The results indicated a marked reduction in serum triglyceride levels (-40%; P < 0.01) and lipoprotein lipase activity in white fat (-49%, P < 0.001) of hypercholesterolemic rats treated with Trecadrine for 16 days as compared with hypercholesterolemic non-treated rats. Moreover, Trecadrine produced a significant increase in the oxygen consumption in brown adipose tissue (+154%, P < 0.01). In relation to cholesterolemia, an improvement in total cholesterol (-20%) and total/HDL-cholesterol ratio (-25%) in serum was noted in the animals receiving the pharmacological treatment. In conclusion, the results of this trial support that Trecadrine administration may have a therapeutic potential in disorders associated with hypertriglyceridemia such as obesity and some types of hyperlipidaemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zulet
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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