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Vass M, Podlewska S, de Esch IJP, Bojarski AJ, Leurs R, Kooistra AJ, de Graaf C. Aminergic GPCR-Ligand Interactions: A Chemical and Structural Map of Receptor Mutation Data. J Med Chem 2018; 62:3784-3839. [PMID: 30351004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aminergic family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays an important role in various diseases and represents a major drug discovery target class. Structure determination of all major aminergic subfamilies has enabled structure-based ligand design for these receptors. Site-directed mutagenesis data provides an invaluable complementary source of information for elucidating the structural determinants of binding of different ligand chemotypes. The current study provides a comparative analysis of 6692 mutation data points on 34 aminergic GPCR subtypes, covering the chemical space of 540 unique ligands from mutagenesis experiments and information from experimentally determined structures of 52 distinct aminergic receptor-ligand complexes. The integrated analysis enables detailed investigation of structural receptor-ligand interactions and assessment of the transferability of combined binding mode and mutation data across ligand chemotypes and receptor subtypes. An overview is provided of the possibilities and limitations of using mutation data to guide the design of novel aminergic receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Vass
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smętna 12 , PL31-343 Kraków , Poland
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smętna 12 , PL31-343 Kraków , Poland
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
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Abstract
The binding site in G protein-coupled cationic biogenic amine receptors is formed in the cleft of the seven transmembrane segments. Upon binding the ligand, the receptors are activated or inactivated through the conformational changes of the transmembrane segments. G protein-coupled receptors bind four functionally distinct ligands; inverse agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and full agonists. Hence, putative structural models for biogenic amine receptors corresponding to the ligand function (inverse agonist-, antagonist-, partial agonist-, and full agonist-bound receptor models) were built by using photointermediate models in the rhodopsin photocascade (M. Ishiguro et al. ChemBioChem. 2004, 5, 298-310). The ligand-receptor recognition of each was examined by modeling receptor-ligand complexes with functional ligands. The complex models suggested that each functional ligand binds the corresponding receptor structure and that ligand-specific interactions contribute to stabilization of the corresponding receptor structure.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/analysis
- Computational Biology
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Transport/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/agonists
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/chemistry
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Muscarinic/chemistry
- Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Ishiguro
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, 1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Osaka 618-8503, Japan.
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Cohen JE, Onyike CU, McElroy VL, Lin AH, Abrams TW. Pharmacological characterization of an adenylyl cyclase-coupled 5-HT receptor in aplysia: comparison with mammalian 5-HT receptors. J Neurophysiol 2003; 89:1440-55. [PMID: 12611939 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01004.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to identify compounds that are effective in blocking the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor(s) that activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) in Aplysia CNS. We call this class of receptor 5-HT(apAC). Eight of the 14 antagonists tested were effective against 5-HT(apAC) in CNS membranes with the following rank order of potency: methiothepin > metergoline approximately fluphenazine > clozapine > cyproheptadine approximately risperidone approximately ritanserin > NAN-190. GR-113808, olanzapine, Ro-04-6790, RS-102221, SB-204070, and spiperone were inactive. Methiothepin completely blocked 5-HT stimulation of AC with a K(b) of 18 nM. Comparison of the pharmacological profile of the 5-HT(apAC) receptor with those of mammalian 5-HT receptor subtypes suggested it most closely resembles the 5-HT(6) receptor. AC stimulation in Aplysia sensory neuron (SN) membranes was also blocked by methiothepin. Methiothepin substantially inhibited two effects of 5-HT on SN firing properties that are mediated by a cAMP-dependent reduction in S-K(+) current: spike broadening in tetraethylammonium/nifedipine and increased excitability. Consistent with cyproheptadine blocking 5-HT stimulation of AC, cyproheptadine also blocked the 5-HT-induced increase in SN excitability. Methiothepin was less effective in blocking AC-mediated modulatory effects of 5-HT in electrophysiological experiments on SNs than in blocking AC stimulation in CNS or SN membranes. This reduction in potency appears to be due to effects of the high ionic strength of physiological saline on the binding of this antagonist to the receptor. Methiothepin also antagonized AC-coupled dopamine receptors but not AC-coupled small cardioactive peptide receptors. In conjunction with other pharmacological probes, this antagonist should be useful in analyzing the role of 5-HT in various forms of neuromodulation in Aplysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, BRB 4-002, Baltimore 21201-1559, USA
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Gao ZG, Jiang Q, Jacobson KA, Ijzerman AP. Site-directed mutagenesis studies of human A(2A) adenosine receptors: involvement of glu(13) and his(278) in ligand binding and sodium modulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:661-8. [PMID: 10927024 PMCID: PMC5567773 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To provide insights into interactions between ligands and A(2A) adenosine receptors, site-directed mutagenesis was used to test the roles of a glutamic acid residue in the first transmembrane domain (Glu13) and a histidine residue in the seventh transmembrane domain (His278). The two residues, which have been suggested to be closely linked in molecular modeling studies, were mutated to glutamine (E13Q) and tyrosine (H278Y), respectively. Saturation experiments revealed that [(3)H]ZM241385 (4-2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)-1,2, 4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-yl-amino]ethylphenol) bound wild-type and mutant receptors in membranes from COS-7 cells expressing human A(2A) adenosine receptors with high affinity and low non-specific binding. It was found from the competition experiments that the affinity of the A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists for the mutant receptors was 3- to 200-fold lower than for the wild-type receptor. Among antagonist competitors of binding at E13Q and H278Y mutant receptors, there was variation in the affinity depending on their different structures, although changes were relatively minor (<3-fold) except in the case of theophylline, whose affinity was decreased approximately 20 times on the H278Y mutant. The possible involvement of the two residues in sodium ion regulation was also tested. The agonist competition curves for [(3)H]ZM241385 were shifted to the right in both wild-type and mutant receptors in the presence of 1 M sodium ions, but the extent of shift (2- to 27-fold) in wild-type receptor was generally larger than for the mutant receptors. Sodium ions also decreased [(3)H]ZM241385 dissociation from both wild-type and mutant receptors, being more influential on the former than the latter. The results suggest that the two closely linked residues Glu13 and His278 in A(2A) adenosine receptor are most important for agonist recognition and are partly responsible for the allosteric regulation by sodium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Gao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A pharmacophore model for histamine H3 ligands is derived that reveals the putative interaction of both H3 agonists and antagonists with an aspartate residue of the receptor. This interaction is determined by applying the density functional theory implemented in a program package adapted for parallel computers. The model reveals a molecular determinant explaining efficacy as the conformation of the aspartic acid residue differs according to whether it is binding to agonists or antagonists. The differences in structure-activity relationships (SAR) observed for the lipophilic tails of different classes of H3 antagonists are now explained, since the model reveals two distinct lipophilic pockets available for antagonist binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J de Esch
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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