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Liang Y, Jiang Q, Gong Y, Yu Y, Zou H, Zhao J, Zhang T, Zhang J. In vitro and in silico assessment of endocrine disrupting effects of food contaminants through pregnane X receptor. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113711. [PMID: 36893891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
As a promiscuous xenobiotic receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been confirmed to participate in numerous physiological process. In addition to the conventional estrogen/androgen receptor, PXR also serves as an alternative target for environmental chemical contaminants. In this work, the PXR-mediated endocrine disrupting effects of typical food contaminants were explored. Firstly, the time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays confirmed the PXR binding affinities of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, chlorpyrifos, bisphenol A, and zearalenone, with IC50 values ranging from 1.88 to 4284.00 nM. Then their PXR agonist activities were assessed by PXR-mediated CYP3A4 reporter gene assays. Subsequently, the regulation of gene expressions of PXR and its targets CYP3A4, UGT1A1, and MDR1 by these compounds was further investigated. Intriguingly, all the tested compounds interfered with these gene expressions, confirming their endocrine disrupting effects via PXR-mediated signaling. The compound-PXR-LBD binding interactions were explored by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the structural basis of their PXR binding capacities. The weak intermolecular interactions are key players in stabilizing these compound-PXR-LBD complexes. During the simulation process, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl remained stable while the other 5 compounds underwent relatively severe disturbances. In conclusion, these food contaminants might exhibit endocrine disrupting effects via PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jingqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Mirzaev KB, Sychev DA, Ryzhikova KA, Konova OD, Mammaev SN, Gafurov DM, Shuev GN, Grishina EA, Sozaeva ZA. Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Transport Proteins in a Russian Population and Three Ethnic Groups of Dagestan. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:747-753. [PMID: 29023140 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polymorphic markers of the CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1, and ABCB1 genes among the three ethnic groups in Dagestan and compare it with the carrier frequency of these markers among the Russian population living in Moscow. METHODS The study involved 186 healthy, unrelated, and chronic medication-free volunteers (53 males and 133 females) of the three ethnic groups in the Dagestan Republic: 46 Laks, 90 Avars, and 50 Dargins. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The allelic prevalences of the three Dagestan peoples were compared with ethnic Russians from the Moscow region. RESULTS Statistically significant differences for the following gene polymorphisms: CYP2C19*17, CYP2C9*3, ABCB1 (C3435T), SLCO1B1*5 were found between the Russian population and the three ethnic groups of the Dagestan republic. CONCLUSION The data obtained from this study will help with prioritization genotyping in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Mirzaev
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sychev
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina A Ryzhikova
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga D Konova
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suleiman N Mammaev
- 2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Dagestan State Medical University," Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Makhachkala, Russia
| | | | - Grigorij N Shuev
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Grishina
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhannet A Sozaeva
- 1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education," Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Phuthong S, Settheetham-Ishida W, Natphopsuk S, Settheetham D, Ishida T. Haplotype Analysis of MDR1 and Risk for Cervical Cancer in Northeastern Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1815-1819. [PMID: 28749110 PMCID: PMC5648384 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genotype and haplotype of MDR1
(C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T) and the risk for cervical cancer in Northeastern Thai women. Methods: An
age-matched case-control study involving squamous cell cervical cancer (SCCA) patients (n=204) and healthy controls
(n=204) was enrolled for MDR1 genotyping by real-time PCR method. Results: The genotype distribution of MDR1 in
both patients and controls was not significantly different (p>0.05). The haplotype analysis showed that T-T-T was the
most common haplotype in this population. Significantly increased risk of cervical cancer was observed in carriers of
T-T-C and C-G-T haplotypes with ORs of 1.86 (95%CI=1.02-3.39, p=0.0416) and 2.00 (95%CI=1.18-3.40, p=0.0140),
respectively. Analysis of 2677-3435 haplotype showed increased risk for cervical cancer in G-T (OR=1.55; 95%
CI=1.12-2.13, p=0.0432) and T-C (OR=1.91; 95%CI=1.05-3.47, p=0.0325). Conclusion: The results provide evidence
that haplotype of MDR1 may be an important risk factor for cervical cancer development in Northeastern Thai women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophida Phuthong
- Department of Physiology, HPV and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen , Thailand.
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Nassar S, Amro O, Abu-Rmaileh H, Alshaer I, Korachi M, Ayesh S. ABCB1 C3435T and CYP2C19*2 polymorphisms in a Palestinian and Turkish population: A pharmacogenetic perspective to clopidogrel. Meta Gene 2014; 2:314-9. [PMID: 25606414 PMCID: PMC4287958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug used to prevent recurrent ischemic events after acute coronary syndrome and/or coronary stent implantation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 C3435T have been found to play a role in different individual responses to clopidogrel. Since the prevalence of these SNPs is generally known to differ from one population to another, the aim of this study was to examine their prevalence in both a Palestinian and Turkish population. One hundred unrelated Palestinian subjects and 100 unrelated Turkish subjects were analyzed for CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Results showed an ABCB1 3435 T allele frequency of 0.46 (95% CI 0.391 to 0.529) in the Palestinian sample and 0.535 (95% CI 0.4664 to 0.6036) in the Turkish sample. CYP2C19*2 allele frequency was 0.095 (95% CI 0.0558 to 0.134) in the Palestinian sample and 0.135 (95% CI 0.088 to 0.182) in the Turkish sample. Our results provide information about the prevalence of the polymorphisms related to clopidogrel response in both the Palestinian and Turkish populations, in order to improve the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel through use of genetically guided, individualized treatment. The prevalence of these clinically significant alleles shed light on the importance of testing them before prescribing clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheir Nassar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omar Amro
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Mount of Olives, East Jerusalem, West Bank
| | - Hilal Abu-Rmaileh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Mount of Olives, East Jerusalem, West Bank
| | - Inji Alshaer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Mount of Olives, East Jerusalem, West Bank
| | - May Korachi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suhail Ayesh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Mount of Olives, East Jerusalem, West Bank
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Wang LH, Song YB, Zheng WL, Jiang L, Ma WL. The association between polymorphisms in the MDR1 gene and risk of cancer: a systematic review and pooled analysis of 52 case-control studies. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:46. [PMID: 23687985 PMCID: PMC3669001 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 gene encodes a 170-kDa membrane transporter called P-glycoprotein, which plays an important role in protecting cells against lipophilic xenobiotics by the way of an ATP-dependent cellular efflux mechanism. Three polymorphisms of MDR1, 3435C > T located in exon 26, 1236C > T in exon 12 and 2677G > T/A in exon 21 were the most extensively studied and were identified functionally important and ethnically diverse mapping to the gene region. Considering the potential influence of altering MDR1 activity, it is plausible that MDR1 polymorphisms might play a role in the development of cancer. Although the effects of MDR1 polymorphisms on susceptibility to human cancer have been investigated in many studies, the results still remain conflicting. Methods To resolve these conflicts, we performed a quantitative synthesis of the association between these three polymorphisms and cancer risk, including 52 studies (15789 cases and 20274 controls) for 3435C > T polymorphism, 10 studies (2101 cases and 2842 controls) for 1236C > T polymorphism and 18 studies (3585 cases and 4351 controls) for 2677G > T/A polymorphism. Results The stratified analyses for 3435C > T polymorphism, individuals with T-allele in 3435C > T had significantly higher ALL risks (TT versus CC: OR =1.286, 95% CI =1.123-1.474); significantly elevated risks were observed among Caucasian populations (TT versus CC: OR =1.276, 95% CI =1.112-1.464). When restricting the analysis to the source of controls, we found that HB (hospital-based) genetic models had higher risks (TT versus CC: OR =1.307, 95% CI =1.046-1.632), as well as in PB (population-based) genetic models (TT versus CC: OR =1.294, 95% CI =1.079-1.55). The T/A-allele frequency of 2677G > T/A polymorphism was associated with higher risk of cancer (TT + TA + AA vs. GG: OR =1.348, 95% CI =1.031-1.762), significantly elevated risks were observed among Asian populations (TT + TA + AA vs. GG: OR =1.642, 95% CI =1.340-2.012), and elevated risks could be associated with PB models (TT + TA + AA vs. GG: OR =1.641, 95% CI =1.018-2.646). Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggested that 3435C > T polymorphism and 2677G > T/A polymorphism were associated with cancer risk when all studies were pooled together, while 1236C > T polymorphism not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Director, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Wang B, Bi J, Li K, Di J. MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 34 case-control studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:979-89. [PMID: 22358302 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein, the product of the MDR1 gene, is a transmembrane active efflux pump for a variety of environmental toxins and xenobiotics. Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. However, published data are still inconclusive. METHODS To derive a more precise assessment of this relevance, we performed a meta-analysis, up to September 2010, of 5,196 cases with different cancer types and 6,827 controls from 34 published case-control studies. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and cancer were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. RESULTS The overall results suggested that the variant was associated with a moderately increased cancer risk in all comparison models tested (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06-1.50 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.37 for CT vs. CC; OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32 for recessive model; OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38 for domain model, and OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26 for allele contrast). In the subgroup analysis by cancer types, significant associations were found in breast cancer (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.24-2.21 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14-1.82 for recessive model; OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10-1.81 for domain model; and OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13-1.52 for allele contrast) and renal cancer (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.37-2.90 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25-2.42 for domain model; OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.09-1.88 for recessive model; and OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17-1.68 for allele contrast). However, no significant associations were found in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia for all genetic models. In the ethnicity subgroup analysis, a significant association with cancer among Caucasians was found under the dominant model, homozygote comparison, CT versus CC comparison, and allele comparison. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility, increasing the risk of breast and renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Shifan Street 25, Tianqiao District, Jinan 250031, China.
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Sheng X, Zhang L, Tong N, Luo D, Wang M, Xu M, Zhang Z. MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 39 case-control studies. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7237-49. [PMID: 22311042 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene encodes the ATP-dependent cellular efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which efflux of a variety of substances across the membrane. P-gp could serve a role in cancer etiology based on its physiological role of protecting cells from xenobiotics or metabolites. The C3435T (rs1045642) polymorphism of the MDR1 gene which could influence the P-gp expression and function have been implicated in the cancer risk. However, the results from the published studies on the association between this polymorphism and cancer risk are conflicting. To drive a more precise estimation of this association, we performed a meta-analysis of 39 case-control studies, including a total of 9,265 cancer cases and 13,502 controls. We used odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Overall, individuals with the MDR1 3435TT genotype were associated with an increased cancer risk than those with the CC (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51) or CT/CC (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34) genotypes, similar to the CT or CT/TT compared with the CC genotype. In the stratified analyses, the increased risks were more pounced among hematologic malignances (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.46, P (heterogeneity) = 0.415), breast cancer (1.42, 1.04-1.94, 0.018), renal cancer (1.77, 1.28-2.46, 0.307), Caucasians (1.21, 1.07-1.38, 0.000) and population-based studies (1.20, 1.05-1.36, 0.000) in a dominant model. The results suggested that the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism may contribute to cancer risk.
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Ieiri I. Functional significance of genetic polymorphisms in P-glycoprotein (MDR1, ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2). Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 27:85-105. [PMID: 22123128 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rv-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent pharmacogenomic/pharmacogenetic (PGx) studies have disclosed important roles for drug transporters in the human body. Changes in the functions of drug transporters due to drug/food interactions or genetic polymorphisms, for example, are associated with large changes in pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of substrate drugs, leading to changes in drug response and side effects. This information is extremely useful not only for drug development but also for individualized treatment. Among drug transporters, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are expressed in most tissues in humans, and play protective roles; reducing drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing drug elimination into bile and urine, and impeding the entry of drugs into the central nervous system and placenta. In addition to PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) issues, ABC transporters are reported as etiologic and prognostic factors (or biomarkers) for genetic disorders. Although a consensus has not yet been reached, clinical studies have demonstrated that the PGx of ABC transporters influences the overall outcome of pharmacotherapy and contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of certain disorders. This review explains the impact of PGx in ABC transporters in terms of PK/PD, focusing on P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Santos PCJL, Soares RAG, Santos DBG, Nascimento RM, Coelho GLLM, Nicolau JC, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. CYP2C19 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are differently distributed according to ethnicity in the Brazilian general population. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12:13. [PMID: 21247447 PMCID: PMC3033793 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported the clinical importance of CYP2C19 and ABCB1 polymorphisms in an individualized approach to clopidogrel treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequencies of CYP2C19 and ABCB1 polymorphisms and to identify the clopidogrel-predicted metabolic phenotypes according to ethnic groups in a sample of individuals representative of a highly admixtured population. Methods One hundred and eighty-three Amerindians and 1,029 subjects of the general population of 4 regions of the country were included. Genotypes for the ABCB1c.C3435T (rs1045642), CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285), CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893), CYP2C19*4 (rs28399504), CYP2C19*5 (rs56337013), and CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction followed by high resolution melting analysis. The CYP2C19*3, CYP2C19*4 and CYP2C19*5 variants were genotyped in a subsample of subjects (300 samples randomly selected). Results The CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*5 variant alleles were not detected and the CYP2C19*4 variant allele presented a frequency of 0.3%. The allelic frequencies for the ABCB1c.C3435T, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 polymorphisms were differently distributed according to ethnicity: Amerindian (51.4%, 10.4%, 15.8%); Caucasian descent (43.2%, 16.9%, 18.0%); Mulatto (35.9%, 16.5%, 21.3%); and African descent (32.8%, 20.2%, 26.3%) individuals, respectively. As a result, self-referred ethnicity was able to predict significantly different clopidogrel-predicted metabolic phenotypes prevalence even for a highly admixtured population. Conclusion Our findings indicate the existence of inter-ethnic differences in the ABCB1 and CYP2C19 variant allele frequencies in the Brazilian general population plus Amerindians. This information could help in stratifying individuals from this population regarding clopidogrel-predicted metabolic phenotypes and design more cost-effective programs towards individualization of clopidogrel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C J L Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil
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Janneh O, Bray PG, Jones E, Wyen C, Chiba P, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Concentration-dependent effects and intracellular accumulation of HIV protease inhibitors in cultured CD4 T cells and primary human lymphocytes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:906-16. [PMID: 20237075 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracellular and plasma concentrations of HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) vary widely in vivo. It is unclear whether there is a concentration-dependent effect of HPIs such that at increasing concentration they may either block their own efflux (leading to 'autoboosting') or influx (leading to saturability/decreased intracellular accumulation). METHOD The effects of various concentrations (0-30 microM) of lopinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir and atazanavir on the accumulation of [(14)C]lopinavir, [(3)H]saquinavir, [(3)H]ritonavir and [(3)H]atazanavir, respectively, were investigated in CEM(parental), CEM(VBL) [P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) overexpressing], CEM(E1000) (MRP1 overexpressing) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also investigated the effects of inhibitors of ABCB1/ABCG2 (tariquidar), ABCC (MK571) and ABCC1/2 (frusemide), singly and in combination with HPIs, on cellular accumulation. RESULTS In all the cell lines, with increasing concentration of lopinavir, saquinavir and ritonavir, there was a significant increase in the cellular accumulation of [(14)C]lopinavir, [(3)H]saquinavir and [(3)H]ritonavir. Tariquidar, MK571 and frusemide (alone and in combination with lopinavir, saquinavir and ritonavir) significantly increased the accumulation of [(14)C]lopinavir, [(3)H]saquinavir and [(3)H]ritonavir. Ritonavir (alone or in combination with tariquidar) decreased the intracellular accumulation of [(3)H]ritonavir in PBMCs. Atazanavir decreased the accumulation of [(3)H]atazanavir in a concentration-dependent manner in all of the cells tested. CONCLUSIONS There are complex and variable drug-specific rather than class-specific effects of the HPIs on their own accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Janneh
- Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, James Starley Building, Priory Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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Buda G, Orciuolo E, Maggini V, Galimberti S, Barale R, Rossi AM, Petrini M. Unusual association of endometrial cancer and multiple myeloma. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 110:265-6; author reply 266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grbovic L, Radenkovic M, Djokic J, Gojkovic-bukarica L, Dragovic G. New bearings in pharmacotherapeutic strategies: Pharmacogenetics and gene therapy. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2007; 64:707-713. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp0710707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
<zakljucak> Slicno drugim, novim terapijskim konceptima i genska terapija je puno obecavala, ali za sada je jos u razvoju. Glavni izazov ostaje unosenje pravog gena na pravo mesto, u pravu celiju i obezbedjenje adekvatne ekspresije, uz minimalna nezeljena dejstva. Iako se najvise radi na virusnim vektorima, smatra se da buducnost genske terapije cine znatno bezbedniji nevirusni sistemi. Bilo je izvesnih promasaja u genskoj terapiji, sto je dovelo do sumnje i zabrinutosti u siroj populaciji. Medjutim, razvoj genske terapije je realnost, kao i cinjenica da ona ima svoje mesto u medicini. Vazno je istaci da genskoj terapiji treba pristupati sa izuzetno visokim stepenom naucne, strucne i eticke odgovornosti, jer se ne moze iskljuciti mogucnost genetskih manipulacija opasnih za ljudsko zdravlje.
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