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Aribam SD, Harada T, Elsheimer-Matulova M, Iwata T, Kanehira K, Hikono H, Matsui H, Ogawa Y, Shimoji Y, Eguchi M. Specific Monoclonal Antibody Overcomes the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium's Adaptive Mechanisms of Intramacrophage Survival and Replication. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151352. [PMID: 26986057 PMCID: PMC4795626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella-specific antibodies play an important role in host immunity; however, the mechanisms of Salmonella clearance by pathogen-specific antibodies remain to be completely elucidated since previous studies on antibody-mediated protection have yielded inconsistent results. These inconsistencies are at least partially attributable to the use of polyclonal antibodies against Salmonella antigens. Here, we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mAb)-449 and identified its related immunogen that protected BALB/c mice from infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In addition, these data indicate that the mAb-449 immunogen is likely a major protective antigen. Using in vitro infection studies, we also analyzed the mechanism by which mAb-449 conferred host protection. Notably, macrophages infected with mAb-449-treated S. Typhimurium showed enhanced pathogen uptake compared to counterparts infected with control IgG-treated bacteria. Moreover, these macrophages produced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and nitric oxide, indicating that mAb-449 enhanced macrophage activation. Finally, the number of intracellular bacteria in mAb-449-activated macrophages decreased considerably, while the opposite was found in IgG-treated controls. Based on these findings, we suggest that, although S. Typhimurium has the potential to survive and replicate within macrophages, host production of a specific antibody can effectively mediate macrophage activation for clearance of intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarmistha Devi Aribam
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Harada
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | | | - Taketoshi Iwata
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kanehira
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hikono
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ogawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimoji
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0856, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The interaction betweenSalmonella and its host is complex and dynamic: the host mounts an immune defense against the pathogen, which in turn acts to reduce, evade, or exploit these responses to successfully colonize the host. Although the exact mechanisms mediating protective immunity are poorly understood, it is known that T cells are a critical component of immunity to Salmonella infection, and a robust T-cell response is required for both clearance of primary infection and resistance to subsequent challenge. B-cell functions, including but not limited to antibody production, are also required for generation of protective immunity. Additionally, interactions among host cells are essential. For example, antigen-presenting cells (including B cells) express cytokines that participate in CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation. Differentiated CD4+ T cells secrete cytokines that have both autocrine and paracrine functions, including recruitment and activation of phagocytes, and stimulation of B cell isotype class switching and affinity maturation. Multiple bacterium-directed mechanisms, including altered antigen expression and bioavailability and interference with antigen-presenting cell activation and function, combine to modify Salmonella's "pathogenic signature" in order to minimize its susceptibility to host immune surveillance. Therefore, a more complete understanding of adaptive immune responses may provide insights into pathogenic bacterial functions. Continued identification of adaptive immune targets will guide rational vaccine development, provide insights into host functions required to resist Salmonella infection, and correspondingly provide valuable reagents for defining the critical pathogenic capabilities of Salmonella that contribute to their success in causing acute and chronic infections.
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Matsui H, Fukiya S, Kodama-Akaboshi C, Eguchi M, Yamamoto T. Mouse models for assessing the cross-protective efficacy of oral non-typhoidal Salmonella vaccine candidates harbouring in-frame deletions of the ATP-dependent protease lon and other genes. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:295-302. [PMID: 25589672 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In BALB/c mouse models of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, a single oral immunization with a mutant strain with an insertion of the chloramphenicol resistance gene into the ATP-dependent protease clpP or lon gene decreased the number of salmonellae in each tissue sample 5 days after oral challenge with virulent S. Typhimurium at weeks 26 and 54 post-immunization. These data suggested that an oral immunization with the ClpP- or Lon-disrupted S. Typhimurium strain could provide long-term protection against oral challenge with virulent S. Typhimurium. Accordingly, recombinant oral non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) vaccines were constructed by incorporating mutants of both S. Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis harbouring stable in-frame markerless deletions of the clpP-lon-sulA (suppressor of lon), lon-sulA or lon-msbB (acyltransferase) genes. Amongst these orally administered vaccine candidates, those with the lon-sulA gene deletion mutants of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis protected BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice against oral challenge with both virulent S. Typhimurium and virulent S. Enteritidis. Therefore, the in-frame markerless lon-sulA gene deletion mutant of S. Typhimurium or S. Enteritidis could be a promising cross-protective NTS live vaccine candidate for practical use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chie Kodama-Akaboshi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Matsui H, Isshiki Y, Eguchi M, Ogawa Y, Shimoji Y. Evaluation of the live vaccine efficacy of virulence plasmid-cured, and phoP- or aroA-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:181-6. [PMID: 25341392 PMCID: PMC4363020 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the protective efficacy of 94-kb virulence plasmid-cured, and phoP- or aroA-deficient strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ΔphoP or ΔaroA S. Typhimurium) as oral vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice. Two weeks after the completion of 3 oral immunizations with 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of virulence plasmid-cured, and ΔphoP or ΔaroA S. Typhimurium at 10-day intervals, S. Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) antibody titers were detected in the cecal homogenate, bile and lung lavage fluid, but not in the intestinal lavage fluid. In addition, the increases in S. Typhimurium LPS-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody titers in the serum were also observed 2 weeks after completing 3 oral immunizations with virulence
plasmid-cured, and ΔphoP or ΔaroA S. Typhimurium. The series of 3 oral immunizations protected the mice against an oral challenge with 5 × 108 CFU of the virulent strain of S. Typhimurium, suggesting that both the virulence plasmid-cured, and ΔphoP and ΔaroA S. Typhimurium strains are promising candidates for safe and effective live S. Typhimurium vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Lahiri A, Lahiri A, Das P, Vani J, Shaila MS, Chakravortty D. TLR 9 activation in dendritic cells enhances salmonella killing and antigen presentation via involvement of the reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13772. [PMID: 21048937 PMCID: PMC2966436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotide Toll like receptor-9 agonist (CpG DNA) activates innate immunity and can stimulate antigen presentation against numerous intracellular pathogens. It was observed that Salmonella Typhimurium growth can be inhibited by the CpG DNA treatment in the murine dendritic cells. This inhibitory effect was mediated by an increased reactive oxygen species production. In addition, it was noted that CpG DNA treatment of dendritic cells during Salmonella infection leads to an increased antigen presentation. Further this increased antigen presentation was dependent on the enhanced reactive oxygen species production elicited by Toll like receptor-9 activation. With the help of an exogenous antigen it was shown that Salmonella antigen could also be cross-presented in a better way by CpG induction. These data collectively indicate that CpG DNA enhance the ability of murine dendritic cells to contain the growth of virulent Salmonella through reactive oxygen species dependent killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lahiri
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayan Lahiri
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Janakiraman Vani
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - M. S. Shaila
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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