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Ann S, Ibo J, Megha M, Reu Hans D, Bruggen Laura V, Julien L, An B, Nathalie C. Treatment of in vitro generated Langerhans cells with JAK-STAT inhibitor reduces their inflammatory potential. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2571-2582. [PMID: 36282458 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a condition in which hair is lost in small regions or over the entire body. It has a prevalence of 1 in 1000 and has a great impact on psychological wellbeing. AA is generally considered an autoimmune disease in which a collapse of the immune privilege system of the hair follicle has shown to play an important role, potentially driven by interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The most prominent cells located in or around the hair follicle in AA are Langerhans cells, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, macrophages and mast cells. Langerhans cells, specialized dendritic cells, are resident in the epidermis and are known to associate with hair follicles. Therefore, we aimed to develop in vitro generated Langerhans cells contributing as an in vitro model of disease. In vitro models provide insight into the behaviour of cells and are a valuable tool before being in need of an animal model or patient samples. For this, Langerhans-like cells were generated from CD14+ monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and TGF-β. After 10 days of cell culture, Langerhans-like cells express CD207 and CD1a but lack CD209 expression as well as Birbeck granules. Next, Langerhans-like cells were exposed to inflammatory conditions and the effect of different AA treatments was investigated. All treatments-diphencyprone contact immunotherapy, UV-B light therapy and JAK-STAT inhibition-affect the expression of costimulatory and skin-homing markers on Langerhans-like cells. Importantly, also the T cell stimulatory capacity of Langerhans-like cells was significantly reduced following treatment under inflammatory conditions. Noteworthy, JAK-STAT inhibition outperformed conventional AA treatments. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in vitro generated Langerhans-like cells can be used as a model of disease. Moreover, JAK-STAT inhibition may become a valuable new approach for the treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterkens Ann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Janssens Ibo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Meena Megha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - De Reu Hans
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Van Bruggen Laura
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lambert Julien
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bervoets An
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Cools Nathalie
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCRG), University Hospital of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
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Pavel P, Blunder S, Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Elias PM, Dubrac S. Atopic Dermatitis: The Fate of the Fat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2121. [PMID: 35216234 PMCID: PMC8880331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which dry and itchy skin may develop into skin lesions. AD has a strong genetic component, as children from parents with AD have a two-fold increased chance of developing the disease. Genetic risk loci and epigenetic modifications reported in AD mainly locate to genes involved in the immune response and epidermal barrier function. However, AD pathogenesis cannot be fully explained by (epi)genetic factors since environmental triggers such as stress, pollution, microbiota, climate, and allergens also play a crucial role. Alterations of the epidermal barrier in AD, observed at all stages of the disease and which precede the development of overt skin inflammation, manifest as: dry skin; epidermal ultrastructural abnormalities, notably anomalies of the lamellar body cargo system; and abnormal epidermal lipid composition, including shorter fatty acid moieties in several lipid classes, such as ceramides and free fatty acids. Thus, a compelling question is whether AD is primarily a lipid disorder evolving into a chronic inflammatory disease due to genetic susceptibility loci in immunogenic genes. In this review, we focus on lipid abnormalities observed in the epidermis and blood of AD patients and evaluate their primary role in eliciting an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
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Yan B, Liu N, Li J, Li J, Zhu W, Kuang Y, Chen X, Peng C. The role of Langerhans cells in epidermal homeostasis and pathogenesis of psoriasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11646-11655. [PMID: 32916775 PMCID: PMC7579693 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier between the human body and the outside world, which not only plays the role of a physical barrier but also functions as the first line of defence of immunology. Langerhans cells (LCs), as dendritic cells (DC) that play an important role in the immune system, are mainly distributed in the epidermis. This review focuses on the role of these epidermal LCs in regulating skin threats (such as microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation and allergens), especially psoriasis. Since human and mouse skin DC subsets share common ontogenetic characteristics, we can further explore the role of LCs in psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yan
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nian Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaoduan Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abstract
In the last few decades, our understanding of Langerhans cells (LCs) has drastically changed based on novel findings regarding the developmental origin and biological functions of these epidermis-specific resident immune cells. It has become clear that LCs not only exert pivotal roles in immune surveillance and homeostasis but also impact on pathology by either inducing tolerance or mediating inflammation. Their unique capabilities to self-renew within the epidermis, while also being able to migrate to lymph nodes in order to present antigen, place LCs in a key position to sample the local environment and decide on the appropriate cutaneous immune response. Exciting new data distinguishing LCs from Langerin+ dermal dendritic cells (DCs) on a functional and ontogenic level reveal crucial roles for LCs in trauma and various skin pathologies, which will be thoroughly discussed here. However, despite rapid progress in the field, the exact role of LCs during immune responses has not been completely elucidated. This review focuses on what mouse models that have been developed in order to enable the study of murine LCs and other Langerin-expressing DCs have taught us about LC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Deckers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Boyd A, Bennuru S, Wang Y, Sanprasert V, Law M, Chaussabel D, Nutman TB, Semnani RT. Quiescent innate response to infective filariae by human Langerhans cells suggests a strategy of immune evasion. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1420-9. [PMID: 23429540 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01301-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Filarial infection is initiated by mosquito-derived third-stage larvae (L3) deposited on the skin that transit through the epidermis, which contains Langerhans cells (LC) and keratinocytes (KC), among other cells. This earliest interaction between L3 and the LC likely conditions the priming of the immune system to the parasite. To determine the nature of this interaction, human LC (langerin(+) E-cadherin(+) CD1a(+)) were generated in vitro and exposed to live L3. LC exposed to live L3 for 48 h showed no alterations in the cell surface markers CD14, CD86, CD83, CD207, E-cadherin, CD80, CD40, and HLA-DR or in mRNA expression of inflammation-associated genes, such as those for interleukin 18 (IL-18), IL-18BP, and caspase 1. In contrast to L3, live tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite, induced production of CXCL9, IP-10, and IL-6 in LC. Furthermore, preexposure of LC to L3 did not alter Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)- or TLR4-mediated expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-6, or IL-10. Interestingly, cocultures of KC and LC produced significantly more IL-18, IL-1α, and IL-8 than did cultures of LC alone, although exposure of the cocultures to live L3 did not result in altered cytokine production. Microarray examination of ex vivo LC from skin blisters that were exposed to live L3 also showed few significant changes in gene expression compared with unexposed blisters, further underscoring the relatively muted response of LC to L3. Our data suggest that failure by LC to initiate an inflammatory response to the invasive stage of filarial parasites may be a strategy for immune evasion by the filarial parasite.
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