1
|
Šarhanová P, Majeský Ľ, Sochor M. A novel strategy to study apomixis, automixis, and autogamy in plants. Plant Reprod 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00499-6. [PMID: 38431531 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The combination of a flow cytometric seed screen and genotyping of each single seed offers a cost-effective approach to detecting complex reproductive pathways in flowering plants. Reproduction may be seen as one of the driving forces of evolution. Flow cytometric seed screen and genotyping of parents and progeny are commonly employed techniques to discern various modes of reproduction in flowering plants. Nevertheless, both methods possess limitations constraining their individual capacity to investigate reproductive modes thoroughly. We implemented both methods in a novel manner to analyse reproduction pathways using a carefully selected material of parental individuals and their seed progeny. The significant advantage of this approach lies in its ability to apply both methods to a single seed. The introduced methodology provides valuable insights into discerning the levels of apomixis, sexuality, and selfing in complex Rubus taxa. The results may be explained by the occurrence of automixis in Rubus, which warrants further investigation. The approach showcased its effectiveness in a different apomictic system, specifically in Taraxacum. Our study presents a comprehensive methodological approach for determining the mode of reproduction where flow cytometry loses its potential. It provides a reliable and cost-effective method with significant potential in biosystematics, population genetics, and crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Šarhanová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ľuboš Majeský
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sochor
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carpentier F, Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Branco S, Snirc A, Coelho MA, Hood ME, Giraud T. Convergent recombination cessation between mating-type genes and centromeres in selfing anther-smut fungi. Genome Res 2019; 29:944-953. [PMID: 31043437 PMCID: PMC6581054 DOI: 10.1101/gr.242578.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The degree of selfing has major impacts on adaptability and is often controlled by molecular mechanisms determining mating compatibility. Changes in compatibility systems are therefore important evolutionary events, but their underlying genomic mechanisms are often poorly understood. Fungi display frequent shifts in compatibility systems, and their small genomes facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms involved. In particular, linkage between the pre- and postmating compatibility loci has evolved repeatedly, increasing the odds of gamete compatibility under selfing. Here, we studied the mating-type chromosomes of two anther-smut fungi with unlinked mating-type loci despite a self-fertilization mating system. Segregation analyses and comparisons of high-quality genome assemblies revealed that these two species displayed linkage between mating-type loci and their respective centromeres. This arrangement renders the same improved odds of gamete compatibility as direct linkage of the two mating-type loci under the automictic mating (intratetrad selfing) of anther-smut fungi. Recombination cessation was found associated with a large inversion in only one of the four linkage events. The lack of trans-specific polymorphism at genes located in nonrecombining regions and linkage date estimates indicated that the events of recombination cessation occurred independently in the two sister species. Our study shows that natural selection can repeatedly lead to similar genomic patterns and phenotypes, and that different evolutionary paths can lead to distinct yet equally beneficial responses to selection. Our study further highlights that automixis and gene linkage to centromeres have important genetic and evolutionary consequences, while being poorly recognized despite being present in a broad range of taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fantin Carpentier
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ricardo C Rodríguez de la Vega
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sara Branco
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Alodie Snirc
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Marco A Coelho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Michael E Hood
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The Arran whitebeams Sorbus arranensis and S. pseudofennica are two endemic woody plant taxa that have evolved on Arran through hybridisation. S. arranensis is a triploid hybrid between the widespread diploid S. aucuparia and the rare tetraploid S. rupicola. S. pseudofennica is a tetraploid formed by crossing between S. arranensis and S. aucuparia. In order to determine the mating systems of the two endemic species six maternal trees of each taxon together with 10-12 of their seed offspring were scored for their phenotype at three microsatellite loci and one nuclear intron locus. All seeds of S. arranensis were identical in phenotype to their maternal parents. In S. pseudofennica, 17.5% of all seeds differed in marker phenotype from their maternal parent. The proportion of seed with nonmaternal phenotypes varied significantly among maternal trees of S. pseudofennica. The results suggest that the triploid S. arranensis is an obligate apomict, whereas the tetraploid S. pseudofennica is a facultative apomict. Molecular marker analysis of three trees from Arran with an unusual leaf morphology indicates that they are the product of sexual reproduction by S. pseudofennica, and may originate from hybridisation with S. aucuparia. This research demonstrates that the Sorbus taxa on Arran are participants in an active evolutionary process generating novel biodiversity. Conservation programmes for these taxa should aim to preserve this evolutionary process rather than the individual taxonomic entities that it produces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Robertson
- Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Scotland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Abstract
Abstract
Mating among the products of a single meiosis (automixis or meiotic parthenogenesis) is found in diverse groups of plant, animal, and fungal taxa. Restoration of the diploid stage is often strictly controlled and brings together products separated at the first meiotic division. Despite apparent similarities to diploid selfing, the theoretical prediction is that heterozygosity should be maintained on all chromosomes when it is linked to the centromeres and thus also segregates at the first meiotic division. Using the fungus Microbotryum, we directly test this prediction by linear tetrad analysis. The patterns of meiotic segregation for chromosome size variation (electrophoretic karyotypes) and PCR products (AFLP procedures) were determined for Microbotryum lineages native to North America and Europe. Our data reveal a surprisingly dynamic genome that is rich in heterozygosity and where size-dimorphic autosomes are common. The genetic variation agrees with the prediction of centromere-linked heterozygosity. This was observed to the greatest extent in the lineage of Microbotryum native to North America where there was consistent first-division segregation and independent assortment of multiple linkage groups. The data also show properties that distinguish the fungal sex chromosomes from the autosomes in both lineages of Microbotryum. We describe a scenario where the mating system of automixis with first-division restitution is the result of feedback mechanisms to control exposure of genetic load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hood
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Janis Antonovics
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amsellem L, Noyer JL, Le Bourgeois T, Hossaert-McKey M. Comparison of genetic diversity of the invasive weed Rubus alceifolius poir. (Rosaceae) in its native range and in areas of introduction, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Mol Ecol 2000; 9:443-55. [PMID: 10736047 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that colonization of new areas will be associated with population bottlenecks that reduce within-population genetic diversity and increase genetic differentiation among populations. This should be especially true for weedy plant species, which are often characterized by self-compatible breeding systems and vegetative propagation. To test this prediction, and to evaluate alternative scenarios for the history of introduction, the genetic diversity of Rubus alceifolius was studied with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in its native range in southeast Asia and in several areas where this plant has been introduced and is now a serious weed (Indian Ocean islands, Australia). In its native range, R. alceifolius showed great genetic variability within populations and among geographically close populations (populations sampled ranging from northern Vietnam to Java). In Madagascar, genetic variability was somewhat lower than in its native range, but still considerable. Each population sampled in the other Indian Ocean islands (Mayotte, La Réunion, Mauritius) was characterized by a single different genotype of R. alceifolius for the markers studied, and closely related to individuals from Madagascar. Queensland populations also included only a single genotype, identical to that found in Mauritius. These results suggest that R. alceifolius was first introduced into Madagascar, perhaps on multiple occasions, and that Madagascan individuals were the immediate source of plants that colonized other areas of introduction. Successive nested founder events appear to have resulted in cumulative reduction in genetic diversity. Possible explanations for the monoclonality of R. alceifolius in many areas of introduction are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Amsellem
- Centre de Coopération Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Avenue du Val de Montferrand, BP 5035, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Linhart YB. Variation in Woody Plants; Molecular Markers, Evolutionary Processes and Conservation Biology. In: Jain SM, Minocha SC, editors. Molecular Biology of Woody Plants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2000. pp. 341-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2311-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|