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Ercolin ACM, Uchôa AS, Aires LPN, Gomes DR, Tinto ST, Feliciano GSM, Feliciano MAR. Use of New Ultrasonography Methods for Detecting Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:312. [PMID: 38275771 PMCID: PMC10812759 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to present the novel imaging modalities elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. We provided an overview of the concepts and applications of each technique for the investigation of neoplastic and metastatic tumors in dogs and cats. Studies on elastography are based on the elasticity and deformation of the evaluated tissue. The information obtained from the different types of elastography can aid in the detection and differentiation of malignant and benign structures. Descriptions of elastography studies in several organs and tissue in veterinary medicine reported that, in general, malignant tumors tend to be more rigid and, therefore, less deformable than benign lesions or in comparison to the healthy parenchyma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is based on the intravenous injection of contrast media constituted by microbubbles. This imaging modality can be performed in nonsedated animals and provides information on the tissue perfusion, allowing the investigation of macro- and micro-circulation. Studies on different organs and tissues were performed in dogs and cats and revealed a tendency of malignant tumors to present faster transit of the contrast media (time to wash-in, peak and wash-out). These advanced techniques can be associated with other imaging modalities, aiding important information to the well-established exams of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. They can be used as screening tests, potentially representing an alternative to the invasive sampling methods required for cytological and histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Mazeto Ercolin
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Alex Silveira Uchôa
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil;
| | - Diego Rodrigues Gomes
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Stefany Tagliatela Tinto
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Giovanna Serpa Maciel Feliciano
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
| | - Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano
- Laboratory of Veterinary, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.M.E.); (A.S.U.); (D.R.G.); (S.T.T.); (G.S.M.F.)
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De Nardi AB, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Paiva FN, Linhares LCM, Carra GJU, dos Santos Horta R, Ruiz Sueiro FA, Jark PC, Nishiya AT, de Carvalho Vasconcellos CH, Ubukata R, Batschinski K, Sobral RA, Fernandes SC, Biondi LR, De Francisco Strefezzi R, Matera JM, Rangel MMM, dos Anjos DS, Brunner CHM, Laufer-Amorim R, Cadrobbi KG, Cirillo JV, Martins MC, de Paula Reis Filho N, Silva Lessa DF, Portela R, Scarpa Carneiro C, Ricci Lucas SR, Fukumasu H, Feliciano MAR, Gomes Quitzan J, Dagli MLZ. Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072025. [PMID: 37046686 PMCID: PMC10093745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.
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Gibson EA, Goldman RE, Culp WTN. Comparative Oncology: Management of Hepatic Neoplasia in Humans and Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090489. [PMID: 36136704 PMCID: PMC9505178 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic neoplasia is uncommonly reported in dogs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent neoplasia identified in dogs and considerable effort has been committed towards identifying definitive and palliative treatment options. HCC is well recognized in humans as a sequelae of liver disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, while in dogs a similar link has failed to be fully elucidated. Management of HCC in people may be curative or palliative dependent on staging and transplant eligibility. Despite differences in etiology, there is substantial similarity between treatment options for liver neoplasia in human and veterinary medicine. The below summary provides a comparative discussion regarding hepatic neoplasia in dogs and people with a specific focus on HCC. Diagnosis as well as descriptions of the myriad treatment options will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Gibson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roger E. Goldman
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William T. N. Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kurokawa S, Tanaka T, Yamazaki H, Noguchi S, Wada Y, Nishida H, Akiyoshi H. Comparing the CT and MRI findings for canine primary hepatocellular lesions. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e1083. [PMID: 34751436 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-phase CT and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI have been used to differentiate hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in dogs. METHODS This retrospective case series aimed to compare the CT findings with MRI findings of 20 canine hepatocellular lesions, including eight poorly/moderately-differentiated HCCs, eight well-differentiated HCCs and four hyperplasias. CT data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: vessel enhancement, enhancement pattern in the equilibrium phase, maximal transverse diameter, the lowest enhancement, and the attenuation values of each hepatocellular lesion in the precontrast and triple-phase series, including the arterial phase, portal phase and equilibrium phase. MRI data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: signal intensities of each hepatocellular lesion on T2-weighted images and T1-weighted images, and signal intensity ratio of the hepatocellular lesions in the hepatobiliary phase. RESULTS In 62.5% of poorly/moderately-differentiated HCC and 75% of well-differentiated HCC, presumptive necrosis was detected on CT and MRI. In the hepatobiliary phase on MRI, the median signal intensity ratio of poorly/moderately-differentiated HCC (0.54 [range: 0.3-0.71]) was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated HCC (0.75 [range: 0.6-0.96]) and hyperplasia (0.79 [range: 071-0.98]; p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI may be a superior modality for differentiating hepatocellular origin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kurokawa
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan.,Kinki Animal Medical Training Institute & Veterinary Clinic, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Centre, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
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Burti S, Zotti A, Contiero B, Banzato T. Computed tomography features for differentiating malignant and benign focal liver lesions in dogs: A meta-analysis. Vet J 2021; 278:105773. [PMID: 34742915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is often performed to complement ultrasound following detection of focal liver lesions (FLL). There is no consensus in the literature regarding the CT features that might be helpful in the distinction between benign and malignant FLL. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify, based on the available literature, the qualitative and quantitative CT features able to distinguish between benign and malignant FLL. Studies on the diagnostic accuracy of CT in characterising FLL were searched in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), receiver operator curve (ROC) area, were calculated for qualitative features. DOR were used to determine which qualitative features were most informative to detect malignancy; quantitative features were selected/identified based on standardised mean difference (SMD). Well-defined margins, presence of a capsule, abnormal lymph nodes, and heterogeneity in the arterial, portal and delayed phase were classified as informative qualitative CT features. The pooled sensitivity ranged from 0.630 (abnormal lymph nodes) to 0.786 (well-defined margins), while pooled specificity ranged from 0.643 (well-defined margins) to 0.816 (heterogeneous in delayed phase). Maximum dimensions, ellipsoid volume, attenuation of the liver in the pre-contrast phase, and attenuation of the liver in the arterial, portal, and delayed phase were found to be informative quantitative CT features. Larger maximum dimensions and volume (positive SMD), and lower attenuation values (negative SMD) were more associated with malignancy. This meta-analysis provides the evidence base for the interpreting CT imaging in the characterization of FLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - A Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - B Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - T Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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Jaffey JA. Canine intrahepatic biliary disease - what have we learned? J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:167-173. [PMID: 34585753 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The intrahepatic biliary tract is essential for physiologic homeostasis. Disease that results in aberrant function can have serious deleterious consequences and result in considerable morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to summarise clinically relevant updates on intrahepatic biliary disorders in dogs including human corollaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
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Simeoni F, Del Signore F, Aste G, Bargellini P, Rubini G, Terragni R, Tamburro R, Falerno I, de Pasquale F, Russo M, Vignoli M. B-Mode and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography Features of Gastric Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:670. [PMID: 33802392 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine gastric disorders are common in veterinary clinical practice and among these neoplasms require rapid identification and characterization. Standard ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice for gastric wall assessment. The aim of this prospective study is to describe the specific B-mode and contrast enhanced ultrasound features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric diseases in dogs. Standard and contrast enhanced ultrasound of the stomach were performed in anesthetized dogs with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated. A total of 41 dogs were included: 6 healthy as the control group; 9 gastritis; 8 adenocarcinoma; 8 alimentary lymphoma; 4 leiomyosarcoma; 2 gastrointestinal stromal tumor; 2 leiomyoma; 1 undifferentiated sarcoma; 1 metastatic gastric hemangiosarcoma. Gastric tumors appear as a marked thickening with absent layers definition and possible regional lymphadenopathy and steatitis while gastritis generally shows no/mild thickening and no other alterations on standard ultrasound. During contrast—enhanced ultrasonography, neoplasms show a higher and faster wash in if compared to that of gastritis. B-mode and contrast enhanced ultrasound assessment may be useful in the evaluation of canine gastric disorders for the distinction between gastritis and gastric neoplasms, even if there are no specific aspects able to discriminate between different tumors types. Abstract Canine gastric disorders are common in veterinary clinical practice and among these neoplasms require rapid identification and characterization. Standard ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for gastric wall assessment. The aim of this prospective study is to describe the specific B-mode and contrast enhanced US (CEUS) features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric wall in dogs. B-mode US and CEUS of the stomach were performed in anesthetized dogs with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated on B-mode US and CEUS examination. A total of 41 dogs were included: 6 healthy (HEA) as the control group; 9 gastritis (INF); 8 adenocarcinoma (AC); 8 alimentary lymphoma (AL); 4 leiomyosarcoma (LEIS); 2 gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); 2 leiomyoma; 1 undifferentiated sarcoma; 1 metastatic gastric hemangiosarcoma. Gastric tumors appear as a marked wall thickness with absent layers definition and possible regional lymphadenopathy (AC and AL) and steatitis (AC) while gastritis generally shows no/mild thickening and no other alterations on B-mode US. On CEUS, neoplasm shows a higher and faster wash in if compared to that of gastritis. B-mode and CEUS assessment may be useful in the evaluation of canine gastric disorders in the distinction between gastritis and gastric neoplasms, even if there are no specific features able to discriminate between the different tumor histotypes.
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Ko J, Hwang J, Yoon H, Eom K, Kim J. Case Report: Multimodal Imaging Features of Pedunculated Liver Masses in Seven Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:581922. [PMID: 33330705 PMCID: PMC7732477 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.581922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the multimodal imaging characteristics of pedunculated liver masses in seven dogs [Cocker Spaniel (n = 2), Maltese (n = 1), Shih-Tzu (n = 2), and Schnauzer (n = 2)]. These masses are anatomic variants of hepatic masses in which the center of the mass lies outside the liver contour. Prior to referral, only one dog had been diagnosed with a hepatic mass, four had been diagnosed with mid-abdominal masses of unknown origin, and two had been misdiagnosed with splenic head and pancreatic masses. Using radiographs, the mass locations were classified as cranioventral (n = 3), mid-abdominal (n = 2), or craniodorsal (n = 2). The gastric axis was deviated in various directions in four cases. Based on computed tomography (CT) findings, the masses were noted to originate from every liver lobe (two from the left lateral lobe) and to possess parenchymal (n = 6) or vascular (n = 1) pedicles. The histopathological results showed that three masses were benign [hepatic adenoma (n = 1) and nodular hyperplasia (n = 2)] and four were malignant [hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3) and cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1)]. For three dogs, triple-phase CT maximum intensity projection images in the arterial phase clearly showed that the masses were connected to the hepatic artery. We propose that a pedunculated liver mass should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a mass is located in the mid-abdomen, even if it is separated from the liver and with the gastric axis deviated in various directions. We consider CT imaging to be a useful tool for diagnosis, evaluation, and surgical planning in dogs with a pedunculated liver mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Ko
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hakyoung Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kidong Eom
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Nagumo T, Ishigaki K, Yoshida O, Iizuka K, Tamura K, Sakurai N, Terai K, Seki M, Edamura K, Asano K. Utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1594-1601. [PMID: 32968037 PMCID: PMC7719881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective case study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the differential diagnosis of canine adrenal tumors. Forty-three client-owned dogs with adrenal tumors were included. All dogs underwent CEUS, which was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The peak signal intensity (PI), time to peak signal intensity (TPI), mean transit time (MTT), upslope, and downslope were calculated for each time-intensity curve. The histopathological diagnosis of each resected mass was compared with the CEUS findings and parameters. Enhancement distribution, vascularity, tortuous nourishing vessels, enhancement pattern, and late-phase enhancement did not differ significantly between adrenal cortical adenoma (CA), adenocarcinoma (CAC), and pheochromocytoma (PHEO) in qualitative assessment. In PHEO, the TPI was significantly more rapid compared with that in CA (P=0.0287) and CAC (P=0.0404). The MTT in PHEO was significantly shorter than that in CA (P=0.0016) and CAC (P=0.0003). Upslope in PHEO was larger than that in CAC (P=0.0406). Downslope in PHEO was significantly larger than that in CA (P=0.0048) and CAC (P=0.0018). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the MTT curve yielded 0.91 for distinguishing PHEO from adrenocortical tumors in dogs; an MTT cut-off value less than 6,225 msec yielded a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 94%, and likelihood ratio of 12.46. CEUS appears to be clinically applicable for the differential diagnosis between cortical and medullary origins of primary adrenal tumors in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagumo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Terai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Mamiko Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuya Edamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1886 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Masserdotti C. The cytologic features of biliary diseases: A retrospective study. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:440-450. [PMID: 32893397 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histologic examination, together with clinical data and instrument support, contributes to the recognition of biliary diseases. Although quantitative and qualitative changes in hepatic and biliary cells can occur, descriptions of cytologic samples from the liver affected by cholangiopathies are rare. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the quantitative and qualitative changes in cholangiocytes, hepatocytes, and inflammatory cells in cytologic samples from dogs and cats affected by histologically confirmed cholangiopathies. METHODS Cytologic samples from the liver with histologically confirmed cholangiopathies were reviewed and compared to describe the changes seen on cytology. The samples were obtained from the Archive of Clinica Veterinaria Sant'Antonio and the Laboratorio Veterinario Bresciano. Statistical analysis was not performed. RESULTS A total of 196 cytologic samples retrieved from the database fit the selection criteria, 88 from dogs, and 108 from cats. A total of eight categories of cholangiopathies have been identified and described, while histology is often required to achieve a definitive diagnosis, six categories of cholangiopathy in dogs and seven in cats provide cytologic information. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic examination, together with clinical and ultrasonographic data, can be useful for identifying hepatic abnormalities in acute and chronic cholestasis, chronic cholangitis, feline lymphoplasmacytic cholangitis, and cholangiocellular neoplasms.
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Yokoe I, Murahata Y, Harada K, Sunden Y, Omata D, Unga J, Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Okamoto Y, Osaki T. A Pilot Study on Efficacy of Lipid Bubbles for Theranostics in Dogs with Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2423. [PMID: 32859089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined administration of microbubbles and ultrasound (US) is a promising strategy for theranostics, i.e., a combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. Lipid bubbles (LBs), which are experimental theranostic microbubbles, have demonstrated efficacy in vitro and in vivo for both contrast imaging and drug delivery in combination with US irradiation. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of LBs in combination with US in large animals, we performed a series of experiments, including clinical studies in dogs. First, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography using LBs (LB-CEUS) was performed on the livers of six healthy Beagles. The hepatic portal vein and liver tissue were enhanced; no adverse reactions were observed. Second, LB-CEUS was applied clinically to 21 dogs with focal liver lesions. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 83.3%, respectively. These results suggested that LB-CEUS could be used safely for diagnosis, with high accuracy. Finally, LBs were administered in combination with therapeutic US to three dogs with an anatomically unresectable solid tumor in the perianal and cervical region to determine the enhancement of the chemotherapeutic effect of liposomal doxorubicin; a notable reduction in tumor volume was observed. These findings indicate that LBs have potential for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in dogs in combination with US irradiation.
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Simeoni F, Terragni R, Rubini G, Tamburro R, Del Signore F, Falerno I, Aste G, Russo M, Mastromatteo G, Vignoli M. B-Mode and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography Features of Gastric Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081444. [PMID: 32824834 PMCID: PMC7460435 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alimentary lymphoma is the most common neoplasm of the feline gastrointestinal tract. In most cases, standard ultrasonography may not be able to discriminate between a neoplastic and inflammatory infiltrate at this level. The aim of this prospective study is to establish the value of conventional ultrasound and contrast enhanced ultrasonography in describing specific features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric diseases in feline species. A total of 29 cats were included in the study: six healthy cats as the control group; nine with gastric inflammation; three with low-grade alimentary lymphoma; 10 with high grade alimentary lymphoma. High-grade lymphoma usually appears as a severe wall thickening with absent layer definition, regional lymphadenopathy and local steatitis on a conventional ultrasound and shows a high-contrast uptake and a homogeneous enhancement with comb teeth-like vessels on contrast-enhanced ultrasound, while gastric inflammation and low-grade alimentary lymphoma showed a large overlap on both of those two ultrasonographic techniques. Diagnostic accuracy and cut-off value were calculated and found to be relevant for thickness (3.8 mm) for inflammation vs. low-grade lymphoma and “benign” vs. “malignant” as well as peak enhancement (34.87 dB) for “benign” vs. “malignant”. Thickness and peak enhancement can be useful parameters in the characterization of gastric infiltrates in cats. Abstract Alimentary lymphoma (AL) is the most common malignancy of the feline gastrointestinal tract and may cause variable mild to severe alteration of the gastric wall on ultrasonography (US) that can be very similar to those caused by inflammation (INF). The aim of this prospective study is to establish the value of B-mode and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in describing specific features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric diseases in feline species. B-mode US and CEUS of the stomach were performed in anesthetized cats with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated on B-mode US and CEUS examination. A total of 29 cats were included: six healthy (HEA) cats as the control group; nine INF; three low-grade lymphoma (LGAL); 10 high-grade lymphoma (HGAL). On B-mode US, there were significant differences in thickness, the wall’s layer definition and echogenicity between HGAL and all the other groups (<0.001). For CEUS, statistical differences between groups were found in the following: HGAL vs. HEA, HGAL vs. INF; HGAL vs. LGAL; INF vs. HEA. Diagnostic accuracy (AUC) and cut-off value were calculated and found to be significant for thickness (3.8 mm) for INF vs. LGAL (AUC > 0.70) and “benign” vs. “malignant” (AUC > 0.90) as well as peak enhancement (34.87 dB) for “benign” vs. “malignant” (AUC > 0.70). INF and LGAL showed an overlap of qualitative and quantitative parameters both on B-mode and CEUS, while HGAL usually appears as a severe wall thickening with absent layer definition, high-contrast uptake, a specific enhancement pattern, regional lymphadenopathy and local steatitis. Thickness and peak enhancement can be useful parameters in the characterization of gastric infiltrates in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Simeoni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Rossella Terragni
- Pet Care Veterinary Clinic, via Marzabotto ½ M-N, 40133 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- UltraVet Diagnostic, via Enrico Fermi 59, San Giovanni, 40017 Persiceto, Italy;
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesca Del Signore
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Ilaria Falerno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Giovanni Aste
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naple, via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Mastromatteo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (R.T.); (F.D.S.); (I.F.); (G.M.); (M.V.)
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Lin LS, Chung CS. Novel contrast agent Visphere ™ is feasible for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:461-470. [PMID: 32441861 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography provides a more functional diagnostic image than conventional ultrasonography. This prospective exploratory study compared the novel contrast agent, Visphere™ , with commercial contrast agents in five healthy Beagle dogs. Visphere™ has the smallest diameter and highest concentration compared with Sonazoid® and SonoVue® . Each dog received an intravenous injection of Visphere™ , Sonazoid® , or SonoVue® . Images were recorded for 300, 600, and 60 s in the heart, liver, and left kidney, respectively. The mean pixel values of the regions of interest for each organ were expressed as time intensity curves (TIC). The agents all improved the visualization of left ventricular endocardial border delineation in the heart, and had similar TICs and clinical useful durations. In contrast, Visphere™ expressed the highest mean pixel value in the liver parenchyma at an early observation time and maintained the intensity until 600 s, like Sonazoid® . The renal evaluation results indicated there were no statistically significant differences in time-to-peak for the renal cortex or medulla among the agents. Compared with the other two agents, SonoVue® had the lowest peak enhancement for the renal cortex and medulla. No dogs had any adverse reactions during or after the study. All three agents provided adequate results for left ventricular endocardial border delineation, and Visphere™ may have the same potential as Sonazoid® to detect and characterize hepatic lesions. Visphere™ and Sonazoid® may offer better visualization quality to evaluate renal function. In conclusion, the novel contrast agent, Visphere™ , is comparable with commercial agents and could be applied in different major organs in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Shuan Lin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shu Chung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
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Burti S, Zotti A, Rubini G, Orlandi R, Bargellini P, Bonsembiante F, Banzato T. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of malignant focal liver masses in dogs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6076. [PMID: 32269300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 185 cases (150 retrospectively and 35 prospectively) of malignant liver masses were collected. In the retrospectively collected cases hyperenhancement during wash-in was the most common feature in HCCs but there was a high percentage of cases showing no enhancement or hypo/isoenhancement. ICCs displayed a large variety of contrast enhancement patterns and, although statically significant differences between ICCs and HCCs were evident, no clear distinction between these two pathologies was possible based only on their CEUS appearance. Sarcomas displayed all the possible degrees of wash-in enhancement with non-enhancing being the most common appearance. Metastases displayed all the possible contrast-enhancement patterns, with the most common being hyperenhancement in the wash-in phase followed by hypoenhancement in the wash-out phase. A decision tree was developed based on the features of the retrospectively selected cases. Based on the developed decision tree 27/35 prospectively collected cases were correctly classified. Even if some significant differences among groups were evident, all the histotypes displayed all the possible patterns of contrast enhancement, and, therefore, the differentiation of liver masses in dogs based only on their CEUS features is not feasible and, therefore, cytology or histopathology is required.
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Abstract
Diagnostic imaging relies on interpretation of interactions between the body tissue and various energies, such as x-rays, ultrasound, and magnetic or nuclear energies, to differentiate normal from abnormal tissues. Major technological improvements regarding emission and detection of the energetic waves, as well as reconstruction and interpretation of the images, have occurred. These advances made possible visualization of smaller structures, quantitative evaluation of functional processes, and development of unique imaging-guided procedures. This article reviews the technological advances that allowed development of cone beam computed tomography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, which all could have applications in exotic pet medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Zoller
- Exotic Pet Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France.
| | - Harriet Hahn
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France
| | - Nicola Di Girolamo
- Tai Wai Small Animal and Exotic Hospital, 69-75 Chik Shun Street, Tai Wai, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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16
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Banzato T, Rubini G, Orlandi R, Bargellini P, Bonsembiante F, Zotti A. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs. Vet Rec 2019; 186:187. [PMID: 31662577 PMCID: PMC7035695 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to describe the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of canine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in relation to cellular differentiation and lesion size. Methods Sixty dogs with a cytological diagnosis of HCC and that underwent a CEUS examination were retrospectively selected. The wash-in and wash-out patterns of contrast enhancement, along with the time to wash-in and the time to wash-out, of each lesion were recorded. A dimensional cut-off value of 3 cm was adopted for classification. Results Cellular differentiation had a significant influence on both wash-in (chi-squared=16.99; P<0.001) and wash-out (chi-squared=10.9; P=0.004) patterns of contrast enhancement. Lesion size had a lower, but still significant, influence on both wash-in (chi-squared=12.7; P=0.005) and wash-out (chi-squared=7.42; P=0.024) patterns. A homogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase followed by homogeneous wash-out were suggestive of a well-differentiated HCC. The cellular differentiation of lesions with inhomogeneous hyperenhancement or hypoenhancement/no enhancement as well as an inhomogeneous wash-out or no wash-out could not be inferred. Conclusions No significant difference in the time to wash-in and the time to wash-out in relation to cellular differentiation or lesion size was evident. CEUS has the potential to improve efficiency in the diagnosis of HCCs in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions, and Health, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions, and Health, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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17
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Banzato T, Burti S, Rubini G, Orlandi R, Bargellini P, Bonsembiante F, Zotti A. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography features of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats. Vet Rec 2019; 186:320. [PMID: 31582574 PMCID: PMC7079193 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) features of primary hepatobiliary neoplasms have been reported in dogs but no information is available in cats. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative features of bile duct adenomas (BDAs, n=20), bile duct carcinomas (BDCs, n=16), and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs, n=8) are described in 44 cats. RESULTS There was an overlap in CEUS qualitative features between different histotypes, both in wash-in and wash-out phases. Distinction between different neoplasms based only on the CEUS qualitative features was not possible. At peak of enhancement, the BDAs, BDCs and HCCs showed a large range of echogenicities, from hypoenhancement to hyperenhancement, in comparison to the liver parenchyma. Eight of 20 BDAs showed inhomogeneous hyperenhancement during wash-in, which is a feature reported as typical of malignant lesions in dogs. BDC had a significantly faster wash-in compared with both BDA and HCC but the diagnostic accuracy of all the included quantitative variables was only moderate. No significant differences in the wash-out quantitative features of BDA and BDC were evident. CONCLUSION There is poor evidence that CEUS may be used to distinguish between different primary hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Banzato
- Animal Medicine, Productions, and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Burti
- Animal Medicine, Productions, and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Animal Medicine, Productions, and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zotti
- Animal Medicine, Productions, and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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18
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Tamura M, Nakamura K, Osuga T, Shimbo G, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid for cholangiocellular adenoma in three dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1104-1108. [PMID: 31243194 PMCID: PMC6715911 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is useful to distinguish benign and malignant
focal liver lesions in dogs. Cholangiocellular adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor
in dogs and has not been examined using CEUS with Sonazoid. The aim of this study was to
describe findings of CEUS with Sonazoid in three dogs with cholangiocellular adenoma. All
three dogs showed contrast defects in the Kupffer phase and these findings mimicked
malignant neoplasia during the Kupffer phase. Moreover, all dogs showed early washout and
hypoechoic lesions relative to the surrounding normal liver parenchyma in the portal
phase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that CEUS findings of
cholangiocellular adenoma with Sonazoid mimicked malignancy in three dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Leela-Arporn R, Ohta H, Tamura M, Nagata N, Sasaoka K, Dermlim A, Nisa K, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Nakamura K, Takagi S, Hosoya K, Takiguchi M. Predictive factors of malignancy in dogs with focal liver lesions using clinical data and ultrasonographic features. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:723-729. [PMID: 30956270 PMCID: PMC6541846 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A definitive diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs) requires invasive procedures for histopathologic examination. Thus, a simpler noninvasive diagnostic method, such as conventional
ultrasonography combined with clinical data, is needed for the prediction of liver malignancy. The objective of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical data and
ultrasonographic (US) features to differentiate benign and malignant liver lesions. Medical records and US images from dogs with FLLs that underwent abdominal US and histopathologic
examinations following surgery or liver biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, including signalment, clinical signs and laboratory findings, and the US features of liver
lesions that could act as predictive factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate the associations between predictive factors and liver malignancy. Based on
the histopathologic results, 55 dogs with malignant lesions and 28 dogs with benign lesions were included in the study. The results of univariate analysis showed that several US features and
platelet count were significantly associated with liver malignancy. Multivariate analysis revealed that the platelet count (thrombocytosis; odds ratio [OR]: 4.13, 95% confidence intervals
[CI]: 1.81−9.41), lesion size (4.1 cm or greater; OR: 23.83, 95% CI: 3.74−151.95) and echotexture of FLLs (heterogenous; OR: 8.44; 95% CI: 1.37−51.91) were independent predictors for
differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions, suggesting that a combination of clinical data and US findings of FLLs could predict liver malignancy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommaneeya Leela-Arporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Angkhana Dermlim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Nisa K, Lim SY, Shinohara M, Nagata N, Sasaoka K, Dermlim A, Leela-Arporn R, Morita T, Yokoyama N, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Repeatability and reproducibility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for assessing duodenal perfusion in healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1585-1590. [PMID: 28781327 PMCID: PMC5627333 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with microbubbles as a contrast agent allows the visualization and quantification of tissue perfusion. The assessment of canine intestinal perfusion by quantitative CEUS may provide
valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring chronic intestinal disorders. This study aimed to assess the repeatability (intraday variability) and reproducibility (interday variability) of quantitative duodenal CEUS in
healthy dogs. Six healthy beagles underwent CEUS three times within one day (4-hr intervals) and on two different days (1-week interval). All dogs were sedated with a combination of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.1
mg/kg) prior to CEUS. The contrast agent (Sonazoid®) was administered using the intravenous bolus method (0.01 ml/kg) for imaging of the duodenum. Time-intensity curves (TIC) were created by drawing
multiple regions of interest (ROIs) in the duodenal mucosa, and perfusion parameters, including the time-to-peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in and wash-out rates (WiR and WoR, respectively),
were generated. Intraday and interday coefficients of variation (CVs) for TTP, PI, AUC, WiR and WoR were <25% (range, 2.27–23.41%), which indicated that CEUS was feasible for assessing duodenal perfusion in healthy sedated
dogs. A further study of CEUS in dogs with chronic intestinal disorders is necessary to evaluate its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sue Yee Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shinohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Angkhana Dermlim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Rommaneeya Leela-Arporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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21
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Morishita K, Hiramoto A, Michishita A, Takagi S, Osuga T, Lim SY, Nakamura K, Sasaki N, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Washout Ratio in the Hepatic Vein Measured by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography to Distinguish Between Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Hepatic Disorders in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:770-777. [PMID: 28382699 PMCID: PMC5435075 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perflubutane microbubbles, a second‐generation ultrasound contrast agent, are phagocytized by Kupffer cells. This characteristic may be useful to differentiate diffuse hepatic diseases in dogs. Hypothesis/objectives To determine whether the washout ratio in the hepatic vein (HV) measured by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory hepatic disorders in dogs. Animals Forty‐one client‐owned dogs with hepatic disorders including 14 with hepatitis, 7 with primary hypoplasia of the portal vein (PHPV), 9 with congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS), and 11 with other hepatopathy were enrolled. Six dogs without hepatic disease also were evaluated as healthy controls. Methods Dogs with hepatic disorders were prospectively included. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography of the HV was performed for 2 minutes. Washout ratio was defined as the attenuation rate from peak intensity to the intensity at the end of the CEUS study. Results Washout ratio in the hepatitis group (median, 18.0%; range, 2.0–37.0%) was significantly lower than that of the PHPV (median, 52.2%; range, 11.5–86.3%), cPSS (median, 60.0%; range, 28.6–77.4%), other hepatopathy (median, 70.5%; range, 26.6–88.4%), and normal (median, 78.0%; range, 60.7–91.7%) groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for hepatitis was 0.960, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.853–0.990. Washout ratio ≤37.1% resulted in a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 78.5–100%) and specificity of 85.2% (95% CI, 67.5–94.1%) for the prediction of hepatitis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Washout ratio can distinguish hepatitis from the other noninflammatory disorders with high accuracy. This result might reflect impaired Kupffer cell phagocytosis in dogs with hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morishita
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Hiramoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - S Takagi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - S Y Lim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Morishita K, Hiramoto A, Michishita A, Takagi S, Hoshino Y, Itami T, Lim SY, Osuga T, Nakamura S, Ochiai K, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Assessment of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein for detection of hemodynamic changes associated with experimentally induced portal hypertension in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:465-471. [PMID: 28346001 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.4.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein for the detection of hemodynamic changes associated with experimentally induced portal hypertension in dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES A prospective study was conducted. A catheter was surgically placed in the portal vein of each dog. Hypertension was induced by intraportal injection of microspheres (10 to 15 mg/kg) at 5-day intervals via the catheter. Microsphere injections were continued until multiple acquired portosystemic shunts were created. Portal vein pressure (PVP) was measured through the catheter. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed before and after establishment of hypertension. Time-intensity curves were generated from the region of interest in the hepatic vein. Perfusion variables measured for statistical analysis were hepatic vein arrival time, time to peak, time to peak phase (TTPP), and washout ratio. The correlation between CEUS variables and PVP was assessed by use of simple regression analysis. RESULTS Time to peak and TTPP were significantly less after induction of portal hypertension. Simple regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between TTPP and PVP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CEUS was useful for detecting hemodynamic changes associated with experimentally induced portal hypertension in dogs, which was characterized by a rapid increase in the intensity of the hepatic vein. Furthermore, TTPP, a time-dependent variable, provided useful complementary information for predicting portal hypertension. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Because the method described here induced presinusoidal portal hypertension, these results can be applied to idiopathic portal hypertension in humans.
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Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic imaging of the hepatobiliary system include MRI, computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography. With the advent of multislice CT scanners, sedated examinations in veterinary patients are feasible, increasing the utility of this imaging modality. CT and MRI provide additional information for dogs and cats with hepatobiliary diseases due to lack of superimposition of structures, operator dependence, and through intravenous contrast administration. Advanced ultrasound methods can offer complementary information to standard ultrasound imaging. These newer imaging modalities assist clinicians by aiding diagnosis, prognostication, and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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Abstract
Older companion animals may be uncommonly affected with hepatobiliary neoplasia. If clinical signs are shown they are often nonspecific. Animals may have increased liver enzyme activities detected on serum biochemistry. Ultrasound imaging can help to characterize liver lesions and guide sampling with fine needle aspiration. Treatment for massive liver tumor morphology involves liver lobectomy. Prognosis depends on the tumor morphology, type, and stage, but can be good for cats and dogs with massive hepatocellular tumors, with animals experiencing prolonged survival and low recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Constant C, Hecht S, Craig LE, Lux CN, Cannon CM, Conklin GA. GADOXETATE DISODIUM (GD-EOB-DTPA) CONTRAST ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:594-600. [PMID: 27633531 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary hepatic tumor in dogs and is amenable to surgical resection in many cases. Unfortunately, overlap of sonographic findings between benign and malignant hepatic lesions typically requires more invasive diagnostic tests to be performed (e.g., biopsy for histopathology). The availability of a noninvasive diagnostic test to identify hepatocellular carcinoma would be beneficial. The use of a liver-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent such as gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA; Eovist® or Primovist®) has improved lesion detection in human patients. In this descriptive study, gadoxetate disodium contrast-enhanced MRI characteristics in dogs were evaluated in seven dogs (total of eight lesions). The imaging characteristics were variable with the exception of all lesions being hypointense to surrounding normal hepatic parenchyma on 3D T1-weighted gradient recalled echo images at all postcontrast time points. All lesions displayed signal intensity ratios less than 1, consistent with retained but impaired hepatocyte function. Hepatic lesions not identified on previous imaging were found in 3/7 patients which may affect surgical planning. In two patients, several hepatic nodules were identified during surgery which had not been visualized on MRI and were found to be benign on histopathology. This descriptive study reports the MRI characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs using the liver-specific contrast agent gadoxetate disodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Constant
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542.
| | - Linden E Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542
| | - Cassie N Lux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542
| | - Claire M Cannon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542
| | - Gordon A Conklin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4542
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Morishita K, Hiramoto A, Osuga T, Lim SY, Khoirun N, Sasaki N, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1753-1758. [PMID: 27534912 PMCID: PMC5240750 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein can assess intrahepatic
hemodynamic changes and has been studied as a noninvasive method to assess the severity of
portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in humans. However, few reports have described
its usefulness in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize CEUS
findings of the hepatic vein in normal dogs and assess the repeatability of this method
both in a conscious group (n=6) and a sedated group (n=6). Sonazoid® (0.01
ml/kg) was used as a contrast agent, and scanning of the hepatic vein
was performed for 2 min. Time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in
the hepatic vein. Four perfusion parameters were measured for quantitative analysis:
hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT), time to peak (TTP), time to peak phase (TTPP) and
wash-out ratio (WR). CEUS examinations were performed three times in each dog. The median
(range) values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the conscious group were 13.5 sec (9–22 sec),
12.5 sec (6–24 sec), 8 sec (6–13 sec) and 78.0% (60.7–91.7%), respectively. Median (range)
values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the sedated group were 12 sec (8–17 sec), 12.5 sec
(9–17 sec), 9 sec (7–13 sec) and 84.1% (63.0–94.4%), respectively. The coefficients of
variation of these parameters in the conscious and sedated groups were 7.6–29.7% and
11.8–14.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Wormser
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer A. Reetz
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle A. Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Kim S, Hosoya K, Takagi S, Okumura M. Treatment of Gastrin-Secreting Tumor With Sustained-Release Octreotide Acetate in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:407-12. [PMID: 26535461 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An 8 yr old, intact male Shiba Inu was presented with loose stool, polydipsia, hematuria, vomiting, and anorexia. On abdominal ultrasonography, numerous nodules were detected in the hepatic parenchyma distributed diffusely throughout all lobes. Excisional biopsy of one of the nodules was performed via exploratory laparotomy. A histopathological diagnosis of the lesion was carcinoid, and the tumor cells stained positive to chromogranin A and gastrin. The serum gastrin level of the dog was 45,613 pg/mL (reference range: 160-284). In addition to medical treatment with omeprazole(c) and famotidine(e), suppression of gastrin secretion was attempted with octreotide acetate. A test dose of octreotide acetate significantly decreased the serum gastrin level to approximately one third of the baseline in 2 hr and the effect lasted approximately for 6 hr. On day 21, treatment with sustained-release formulation of octreotide acetate(a) (5 mg intramuscular, q 4 wk) was initiated. The serum gastrin concentration gradually decreased over 32 days and then progressively increased in parallel with the progression of the hepatic nodules. The dog gradually developed recurrence of initial clinical signs, and was lost to follow-up on day 510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Kim
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Lim S, Nakamura K, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Murakami M, Osuga T, Yokoyama N, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic assessment of naturally occurring pancreatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:71-8. [PMID: 25270302 PMCID: PMC4858112 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in experimentally induced canine pancreatitis. However, its usefulness in detecting perfusion changes in naturally occurring pancreatitis is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of using CEUS to detect pancreatic and duodenal perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis. ANIMALS Twenty-three client-owned dogs with pancreatitis, 12 healthy control dogs. METHODS Dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis were prospectively included. CEUS of the pancreas and duodenum were performed. Time-intensity curves were created from regions of interest in the pancreas and duodenum. Five perfusion parameters were obtained for statistical analyses: time to initial up-slope, peak time (Tp), time to wash-out (TTW), peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS For the pancreas, Tp of the pancreatitis group was prolonged when compared to controls (62 ± 11 seconds versus 39 ± 13 seconds; P < .001). TTW also was prolonged but not significantly (268 ± 69 seconds versus 228 ± 47 seconds; P = .47). PI and AUC were increased when compared to controls (95 ± 15 versus 78 ± 13 MPV; P = .009 and 14,900 ± 3,400 versus 11,000 ± 2,800 MPV*s; P = .013, respectively). For the duodenum, PI and AUC were significantly increased in the pancreatitis group when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis characterized by delayed peak with prolonged hyperechoic enhancement of the pancreas on CEUS. Additionally, duodenal perfusion changes secondary to pancreatitis were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Y. Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Morishita
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - N. Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - T. Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - N. Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - H. Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
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Nardini G, Di Girolamo N, Leopardi S, Paganelli I, Zaghini A, Origgi FC, Vignoli M. Evaluation of liver parenchyma and perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) under general anesthesia. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:112. [PMID: 24885935 PMCID: PMC4032566 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast-enhanced diagnostic imaging techniques are considered useful in veterinary and human medicine to evaluate liver perfusion and focal hepatic lesions. Although hepatic diseases are a common occurrence in reptile medicine, there is no reference to the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) to evaluate the liver in lizards. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of change in echogenicity and attenuation of the liver in green iguanas (Iguana iguana) after administration of specific contrast media. Results An increase in liver echogenicity and density was evident during CEUS and CECT, respectively. In CEUS, the mean ± SD (median; range) peak enhancement was 19.9% ± 7.5 (18.3; 11.7-34.6). Time to peak enhancement was 134.0 ± 125.1 (68.4; 59.6-364.5) seconds. During CECT, first visualization of the contrast medium was at 3.6 ± 0.5 (4; 3-4) seconds in the aorta, 10.7 ± 2.2 (10.5; 7-14) seconds in the hepatic arteries, and 15 ± 4.5 (14.5; 10-24) seconds in the liver parenchyma. Time to peak was 14.1 ± 3.4 (13; 11-21) and 31 ± 9.6 (29; 23-45) seconds in the aorta and the liver parenchyma, respectively. Conclusion CEUS and dynamic CECT are practical means to determine liver hemodynamics in green iguanas. Distribution of contrast medium in iguana differed from mammals. Specific reference ranges of hepatic perfusion for diagnostic evaluation of the liver in iguanas are necessary since the use of mammalian references may lead the clinician to formulate incorrect diagnostic suspicions.
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Lim S, Nakamura K, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Murakami M, Osuga T, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Qualitative and quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic assessment of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:496-503. [PMID: 24612403 PMCID: PMC4858020 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common disease of the canine exocrine pancreas, and accurate noninvasive diagnosis is challenging. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine the feasibility of using quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect pancreatic perfusional changes in cerulein‐induced AP in dogs. Animals Six adult female Beagles. Methods Each dog received 2 hours of IV infusion with 7.5 μg/kg/h of cerulein diluted in saline. As control, all dogs received 2 hours of IV infusion of saline 2 weeks before cerulein infusion. CEUS of the pancreas and duodenum were performed before (0 hour), and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after saline and cerulein infusion. Time‐intensity curves were created from regions of interest in the pancreas and duodenum. Five perfusional parameters were measured for statistical analysis: time to initial up‐slope, peak time, time to wash‐out, peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC). Results In cerulein‐induced AP, pancreatic PI increased at 2 and 4 hours when compared to 0 hour, and at 2, 4, and 6 hours when compared to control. AUC increased at 4 hours when compared to 0 hour, and at 2 and 4 hours when compared to control. Time to wash‐out was prolonged at 4 hours when compared to control. For saline control, peak time was faster at 2 hours when compared to 0 hour. Conclusions and Clinical Importance CEUS parameters PI and AUC can provide useful information in differentiating acute pancreatitis from normal pancreas. Cerulein‐induced AP was characterized by prolonged hyperechoic enhancement on CEUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Y. Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Morishita
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - N. Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - T. Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - H. Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
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Kutara K, Seki M, Ishikawa C, Sakai M, Kagawa Y, Iida G, Ishigaki K, Teshima K, Edamura K, Nakayama T, Asano K. TRIPLE-PHASE HELICAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DOGS WITH HEPATIC MASSES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:7-15. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kutara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mamiko Seki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Chieko Ishikawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Manabu Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Gentoku Iida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kenji Teshima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kazuya Edamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences; Nihon University; Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan
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Pey P, Daminet S, Smets PMY, Duchateau L, De Fornel-Thibaud P, Rosenberg D, Saunders JCH. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal glands in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:417-25. [PMID: 23438117 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess vascular changes induced by hyperadrenocorticism of hyperplastic adrenal glands in dogs via contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. ANIMALS 12 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and 7 healthy control dogs ≥ 7 years old. PROCEDURES Dogs were assigned to the PDH and control groups and to small-breed (n = 6), medium-breed (4), and large-breed (9) subgroups. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of both adrenal glands in each dog was performed with IV injections of contrast agent. Time-intensity curves for the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, and ipsilateral renal artery of both adrenal glands were generated. Perfusion variables (time to peak [TTP], upslope of wash-in phase, and downslope of washout phase) were calculated. RESULTS Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography revealed no qualitative difference between PDH and control groups. Quantitatively, TTPs were longer in the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla of the PDH group, compared with values for the control group, particularly in the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla of the small-breed subgroup. Washout downslopes were lower for the renal artery, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla of the small-breed subgroup between the PDH and control groups. No other perfusion variables differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the adrenal glands in dogs with PDH revealed a delayed TTP in the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, compared with values for control dogs. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was able to detect vascular changes induced by hyperadrenocorticism. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether reference ranges for clinically normal dogs and dogs with PDH can be determined and applied in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascalline Pey
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Lim SY, Nakamura K, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Murakami M, Osuga T, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Qualitative and quantitative contrast enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas using bolus injection and continuous infusion methods in normal dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1601-7. [PMID: 23955397 PMCID: PMC3942965 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative contrast enhanced
ultrasound is a major breakthrough for ultrasound imaging in recent years. However,
contrast enhancement of the pancreas is brief with bolus injection. To assess if
continuous infusion of Sonazoid® can prolong the duration of pancreatic
enhancement over bolus injections, eight adult dogs received bolus injection and
continuous infusion of Sonazoid® on separate days. Contrast enhanced ultrasound
of the pancreatic parenchyma and proximal descending duodenum was performed, and time
intensity curves reflecting tissue perfusions were generated. Perfusion parameters- time
to initial upslope, peak time, time to wash-out and peak intensity were calculated and
evaluated. Fast wash-in to intense peak, followed by rapid wash-out was observed for time
intensity curves of bolus injection. With continuous infusion, contrast wash-in to peak
intensity was gradual, followed by long plateau and slow wash-out. Median contrast
enhancement durations of the pancreas and duodenum were significantly prolonged by
continuous infusion from 11 sec (range, 10 to 23 sec) and 16 sec (range, 3 to 43 sec) at
bolus injection to 205 sec (range, 170 to 264 sec, P<0.01) and 193 sec
(range, 169 to 216 sec, P<0.05), respectively. Median peak intensity
of the pancreas was 100.9 MPV (range, 80.2 to 124.3 MPV) at bolus injection and 77.6 MPV
(range, 58.2 to 99.5 MPV, P<0.05) at continuous infusion. Prolonged
continuous imaging is afforded by continuous infusion of contrast agent. Peak intensity of
the pancreas was slightly diminished in continuous infusion, but offered adequate imaging
subjectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Yee Lim
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Haers H, Daminet S, Smets PMY, Duchateau L, Aresu L, Saunders JH. Use of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect diffuse renal changes in Beagles with iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:70-7. [PMID: 23270348 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for detection of changes in renal blood flow in dogs before and after hydrocortisone administration. ANIMALS 11 Beagles. PROCEDURE Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: oral administration of hydrocortisone (9.6 mg/kg; n = 6) or a placebo (5; control group) twice a day for 4 months, after which the dose was tapered until treatment cessation at 6 months. Before treatment began and at 1, 4, and 6 months after, CEUS of the left kidney was performed by IV injection of ultrasonography microbubbles. Images were digitized, and time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in the renal cortex and medulla. Changes in blood flow were determined as measured via contrast agent (baseline [background] intensity, peak intensity, area under the curve, arrival time of contrast agent, time-to-peak intensity, and speed of contrast agent transport). RESULTS Significant increases in peak intensity, compared with that in control dogs, were observed in the renal cortex and medulla of hydrocortisone-treated dogs 1 and 4 months after treatment began. Baseline intensity changed similarly. A significant increase from control values was also apparent in area under the curve for the renal cortex 4 months after hydrocortisone treatment began and in the renal medulla 1 and 4 months after treatment began. A significant time effect with typical time course was observed, corresponding with the period during which hydrocortisone was administered. No difference was evident in the other variables between treated and control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Quantitative CEUS allowed detection of differences in certain markers of renal blood flow between dogs treated orally with and without hydrocortisone. Additional studies are needed to investigate the usefulness of quantitative CEUS in the diagnosis of diffuse renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Haers
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Baron Toaldo M, Diana A, Bettini G, Di Donato P, Linta N, Cipone M. Imaging diagnosis-cholangiocellular adenoma: contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings of a benign tumor mimicking malignant neoplasia in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 54:71-4. [PMID: 23094700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old Giant Schnauzer was referred for polyuria and polydipsia. On abdominal ultrasound, a hyperechoic mass with low color Doppler signal was detected in the medial right hepatic lobe. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) demonstrated increased enhancement of the mass during the arterial phase, and contrast washout during portal and late phases with decreased enhancement relative to the liver. These findings were consistent with primary liver malignancy or liver metastasis. A final diagnosis of cholangiocellular adenoma was made based on histopathology. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a benign hepatic neoplasm exhibiting malignant CEUS characteristics in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Sharpley JL, Marolf AJ, Reichle JK, Bachand AM, Randall EK. Color and power Doppler ultrasonography for characterization of splenic masses in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:586-90. [PMID: 22702800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign and malignant splenic masses can appear similar on B-mode imaging, making ultrasound sensitive but not specific in their diagnosis. Our goal was to characterize color and/or power Doppler characteristics of vasculature within and adjacent to a splenic mass, which would distinguish benign vs. malignant lesions. The hypothesis was that malignant splenic masses will have altered vascular patterns compared with benign masses. Color and power Doppler cineloops evaluating the vasculature within the mass and normal splenic parenchyma were obtained in sagittal and transverse planes using a standardized protocol. Categories of evaluation included presence of peritoneal effusion, a large aberrant or tortuous vessel within the mass, relative blood flow within the mass compared with normal parenchyma, and path of vessels in the adjacent parenchyma entering into the mass. All patients had histopathologic or definitive cytologic diagnosis. Thirty-one dogs were included. There were 13 malignant masses and 18 were benign. Peritoneal effusion was significantly associated with malignancy (P = 0.0007). Presence of an aberrant or tortuous vessel within the mass was nearly significant (P = 0.059). There was no significant difference in any of the color or power Doppler blood flow evaluations. Ultrasonographic findings of a splenic mass and peritoneal effusion may indicate malignancy. The presence of an aberrant vessel within a splenic mass could suggest malignancy; however more data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Sharpley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Plengsuriyakarn T, Eursitthichai V, Labbunruang N, Na-Bangchang K, Tesana S, Aumarm W, Pongpradit A, Viyanant V. Ultrasonography as a Tool for Monitoring the Development and Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma in Opisthorchis viverrini/Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hamsters. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:87-90. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Diana A, Specchi S, Baron Toaldo M, Chiocchetti R, Laghi A, Cipone M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:555-9. [PMID: 21689198 PMCID: PMC7169303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the pattern of ultrasonographic contrast enhancement of the small intestinal wall using a commercial contrast medium (Sonovue(®) ) in 10 healthy awake cats. Subjectively, a rapid intense enhancement of the serosal and submucosal layers was followed by gradual enhancement of the entire wall section during the early phase. At peak enhancement, there was a subjective loss of demarcation between intestinal wall layers. In the late phase, there was a gradual wash out of signal from the intestinal wall. Submucosal wash out occurred last. Time-intensity curves were generated for selected regions in the intestinal wall and multiple perfusion parameters were calculated for each cat. Perfusion parameters included arrival time (7.64 ± 2.23 s), baseline intensity (1.04 ± 0.04 a.u.), time to peak from injection (10.74 ± 2.08 s), time to peak from initial rise (3.1 ± 1.15), peak intensity (8.92 ± 3.72 a.u.), wash-in rate (2.06 ± 0.70 a.u./s) and wash-out rate (-1.07 ± 0.91 a.u./s). The perfusion pattern of normal feline small bowel may be useful for characterizing feline gastrointestinal disorders that involve the intestinal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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HAERS HENDRIK, SMETS PASCALE, PEY PASCALINE, PIRON KOEN, DAMINET SYLVIE, SAUNDERS JIMMYH. CONTRAST HARMONIC ULTRASOUND APPEARANCE OF CONSECUTIVE PERCUTANEOUS RENAL BIOPSIES IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:640-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- HENDRIK HAERS
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133; 9820; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - PASCALE SMETS
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133; 9820; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - PASCALINE PEY
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133; 9820; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - KOEN PIRON
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133; 9820; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - SYLVIE DAMINET
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133; 9820; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - JIMMY H. SAUNDERS
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133; 9820; Merelbeke; Belgium
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Nakamura K, Sasaki N, Murakami M, Bandula Kumara WR, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takagi S, Osaki T, Takiguchi M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for characterization of focal splenic lesions in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:1290-7. [PMID: 21039867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with perflubutane microbubbles improves the diagnostic accuracy to differentiate benign and malignant focal liver lesions in dogs. HYPOTHESIS Perflubutane microbubbles-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for differentiation of benign from malignant focal splenic lesions in dogs. ANIMALS Twenty-nine clinical dogs with single or multiple focal splenic lesions detected by conventional ultrasonography. METHODS Prospective clinical observational study. Perflubutane microbubbles-enhanced ultrasonography was performed in 29 dogs with focal splenic lesions. Qualitative assessment of the enhancement pattern was performed in the early vascular, late vascular, and parenchymal phases. RESULTS In the early vascular phase, a hypoechoic pattern was significantly associated with malignancy (P=.02) with sensitivity of 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25-38%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 84-100%). In the late vascular phase, a hypoechoic pattern was significantly associated with malignancy (P=.001) with sensitivity of 81% (95% CI, 66-90%) and specificity of 85% (95% CI, 65-95%). There was no significant difference between malignant and benign lesions during the parenchymal phase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Hypoechoic splenic nodules in the early and late vascular phases with perflubutane microbubbles-enhanced ultrasonography are strongly suggestive of malignancy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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