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Wang H, Lu J, Stevens T, Roberts A, Mandel J, Avula R, Ma B, Wu Y, Wang J, Land CV, Finkel T, Vockley JE, Airik M, Airik R, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Torbenson MS, Prochownik EV. Premature aging and reduced cancer incidence associated with near-complete body-wide Myc inactivation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112830. [PMID: 37481724 PMCID: PMC10591215 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC proto-oncogene dysregulation alters metabolism, translation, and other functions in ways that support tumor induction and maintenance. Although Myc+/- mice are healthier and longer-lived than control mice, the long-term ramifications of more complete Myc loss remain unknown. We now describe the chronic consequences of body-wide Myc inactivation initiated postnatally. "MycKO" mice acquire numerous features of premature aging, including altered body composition and habitus, metabolic dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, and dysregulation of gene sets involved in functions that normally deteriorate with aging. Yet, MycKO mice have extended lifespans that correlate with a 3- to 4-fold lower lifetime cancer incidence. Aging tissues from normal mice and humans also downregulate Myc and gradually alter many of the same Myc target gene sets seen in MycKO mice. Normal aging and its associated cancer predisposition are thus highly linked via Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jordan Mandel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Raghunandan Avula
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Bingwei Ma
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Clinton Van't Land
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Division of Cardiology, The Department of Internal Medicine and the UPMC Aging Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jerry E Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Merlin Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rannar Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Michel S Torbenson
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Abstract
Despite MYC being among the most intensively studied oncogenes, its role in normal development has not been determined as Myc-/- mice do not survival beyond mid-gestation. Myc ± mice live longer than their wild-type counterparts and are slower to accumulate many age-related phenotypes. However, Myc haplo-insufficiency likely conceals other important phenotypes as many high-affinity Myc targets genes continue to be regulated normally. By delaying Myc inactivation until after birth it has recently been possible to study the consequences of its near-complete total body loss and thus to infer its normal function. Against expectation, these "MycKO" mice lived significantly longer than control wild-type mice but manifested a marked premature aging phenotype. This seemingly paradoxical behavior was potentially explained by a >3-fold lower lifetime incidence of cancer, normally the most common cause of death in mice and often Myc-driven. Myc loss accelerated the accumulation of numerous "Aging Hallmarks", including the loss of mitochondrial and ribosomal structural and functional integrity, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the acquisition of genotoxic damage, the detrimental rewiring of metabolism and the onset of senescence. In both mice and humans, normal aging in many tissues was accompaniued by the downregulation of Myc and the loss of Myc target gene regulation. Unlike most mouse models of premature aging, which are based on monogenic disorders of DNA damage recognition and repair, the MycKO mouse model directly impacts most Aging Hallmarks and may therefore more faithfully replicate the normal aging process of both mice and humans. It further establishes that the strong association between aging and cancer can be genetically separated and is maintained by a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Feng Z, Gong H, Mabrouk I, Fu J, Li C, Liu Z, Tian X, Sun L, Guo K, Sui Y, Zhou Y, Song Y, Min C, Niu J, Yan X, Xu X, Sun Y. Breed-specific expression mode of the Wnt signalling pathway is involved in feather follicle morphogenesis between Anser cygnoide and Anser anser. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2066676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ichraf Mabrouk
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanghang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zebei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keying Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujian Sui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupu Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changguo Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangting Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security (Jilin Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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San Juan L, Cagigal ML, Fernandez-Flores A, Mayorga M, Gandarillas A. Protooncogene MYC drives human melanocyte melanogenesis and senescence. Cancer Gene Ther 2022. [PMID: 35022520 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive research and advances on the molecular biology of melanoma, the process of melanocytic differentiation or its relationship with proliferation is poorly understood. The role of proto-oncogenes in normal melanocyte biology is also intriguing. Proto-oncogene MYC is overexpressed in 40% of melanomas. It has been suggested that MYC can mediate senescence bypass in malignant melanocytes, an important event in melanoma development, likely in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. However, despite the apparent importance of MYC in melanoma, its functions in normal melanocytes are unknown. We have overexpressed MYC in freshly isolated human primary melanocytes and studied the effects on melanocytic proliferation and differentiation. MYC promoted a transient activation of melanocytes including cell cycle entry, DNA damage and cell migration. Subsequently, MYC induced melanogenesis, increased cellular size and complexity and senescence. Interestingly, we also found strong expression of MYC in regions of human nevi displaying high pigmentation and high expression of senescence marker p16. The results altogether show that MYC drives melanocytic differentiation and suggest that senescence is associated with differentiation. We discuss the implications into the mechanisms governing melanocytic differentiation and the development of melanoma.
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Kfoury A, Armaro M, Collodet C, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Giner MP, Christen S, Moco S, Leleu M, de Leval L, Koch U, Trumpp A, Sakamoto K, Beermann F, Radtke F. AMPK promotes survival of c-Myc-positive melanoma cells by suppressing oxidative stress. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797673. [PMID: 29440228 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although c-Myc is essential for melanocyte development, its role in cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer, is only partly understood. Here we used the NrasQ61KINK4a-/- mouse melanoma model to show that c-Myc is essential for tumor initiation, maintenance, and metastasis. c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells were preferentially found at metastatic sites, correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and high tumor initiation potential. Abrogation of c-Myc caused apoptosis in primary murine and human melanoma cells. Mechanistically, c-Myc-positive melanoma cells activated and became dependent on the metabolic energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in energy and redox homeostasis under stress conditions. AMPK pathway inhibition caused apoptosis of c-Myc-expressing melanoma cells, while AMPK activation protected against cell death of c-Myc-depleted melanoma cells through suppression of oxidative stress. Furthermore, TCGA database analysis of early-stage human melanoma samples revealed an inverse correlation between C-MYC and patient survival, suggesting that C-MYC expression levels could serve as a prognostic marker for early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Kfoury
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marzia Armaro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Sordet-Dessimoz
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Christen
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Leleu
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Beermann
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Malhotra AG, Jha M, Singh S, Pandey KM. Construction of a Comprehensive Protein-Protein Interaction Map for Vitiligo Disease to Identify Key Regulatory Elements: A Systemic Approach. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:500-514. [PMID: 28290051 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an idiopathic disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin due to progressive loss of melanocytes. Several genetic, immunological, and pathophysiological investigations have established vitiligo as a polygenetic disorder with multifactorial etiology. However, no definite model explaining the interplay between these causative factors has been established hitherto. Therefore, we studied the disorder at the system level to identify the key proteins involved by exploring their molecular connectivity in terms of topological parameters. The existing research data helped us in collating 215 proteins involved in vitiligo onset or progression. Interaction study of these proteins leads to a comprehensive vitiligo map with 4845 protein nodes linked with 107,416 edges. Based on centrality measures, a backbone network with 500 nodes has been derived. This has presented a clear overview of the proteins and processes involved and the crosstalk between them. Clustering backbone proteins revealed densely connected regions inferring major molecular interaction modules essential for vitiligo. Finally, a list of top order proteins that play a key role in the disease pathomechanism has been formulated. This includes SUMO2, ESR1, COPS5, MYC, SMAD3, and Cullin proteins. While this list is in fair agreement with the available literature, it also introduces new candidate proteins that can be further explored. A subnetwork of 64 vitiligo core proteins was built by analyzing the backbone and seed protein networks. Our finding suggests that the topology, along with functional clustering, provides a deep insight into the behavior of proteins. This in turn aids in the illustration of disease condition and discovery of significant proteins involved in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Gupta Malhotra
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, 462003, India
| | - Mohit Jha
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, 462003, India
| | - Sudha Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, 462003, India
| | - Khushhali M Pandey
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, 462003, India.
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Kwon MJ, Lee KY, Lee HW, Kim JH, Kim TY. SOD3 Variant, R213G, Altered SOD3 Function, Leading to ROS-Mediated Inflammation and Damage in Multiple Organs of Premature Aging Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:985-99. [PMID: 25927599 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Among the isoforms of superoxide dismutase, SOD3 is uniquely associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) by virtue of its heparin-binding domain (HBD). Substitution of arginine by glycine at amino acid 213 (R213G) of its HBD was first identified in patients with heart failure, followed by many studies that focused on the role of this variant (SOD3(R213G)) in ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular disease. However, the biological significance of this mutation in a physiological context is largely unknown. RESULTS As a first step, we generated SOD3(R213G) transgenic mice, in which the variant gene was driven by the β-actin promoter allowing expression in all tissues. Unexpectedly, we found that SOD3(R213G) transgenic mice exhibited premature aging, including hair graying, abnormal gait, and a shortened life span. Specifically, the aged mice showed systemic inflammation and organ degeneration. In addition, aged SOD3(R213G) mice are susceptible to neutrophil-mediated inflammation. Among other functions, the neutrophils of SOD3(R213G) mice produce high amounts of reactive oxygen species, which would normally be controlled by SOD3 in ECM. INNOVATION These findings showed for the first time that arginine 213 in the HBD of SOD3 is critical for maintaining proper organ function through moderating the normal innate immune response, which would otherwise lead to chronic inflammation and degenerative diseases in aged mice. CONCLUSION Therefore, patients with this variant may be treated with SOD3 as a therapeutic strategy to prevent or cure these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ja Kwon
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo-Young Lee
- 2 Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanocytes produce pigment granules that color both skin and hair. In the hair follicles melanocytes are derived from stem cells (MelSCs) that are present in hair bulges or sub-bulge regions and function as melanocyte reservoirs. Quiescence, maintenance, activation and proliferation of MelSCs are controlled by specific activities in the microenvironment that can influence the differentiation and regeneration of melanocytes. Therefore, understanding MelSCs and their niche may lead to use of MelSCs in new treatments for various pigmentation disorders. AREAS COVERED We describe here pathophysiological mechanisms by which melanocyte defects lead to skin pigmentation disorders such as vitiligo and hair graying. The development, migration and proliferation of melanocytes and factors involved in the survival, maintenance and regeneration of MelSCs are reviewed with regard to the biological roles and potential therapeutic applications in skin pigmentation diseases. EXPERT OPINION MelSC biology and niche factors have been studied mainly in murine experimental models. Human MelSC markers or methods to isolate them are much less well understood. Identification, isolation and culturing of human MelSCs would represent a major step toward new biological therapeutic options for patients with recalcitrant pigmentary disorders or hair graying. By modulating the niche factors for MelSCs, it may one day be possible to control skin pigmentary disorders and prevent or reverse hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center , Boston, MA 02129 , USA +1 617 643 5428 ; +1 617 643 6588 ;
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Denecker G, Vandamme N, Akay O, Koludrovic D, Taminau J, Lemeire K, Gheldof A, De Craene B, Van Gele M, Brochez L, Udupi GM, Rafferty M, Balint B, Gallagher WM, Ghanem G, Huylebroeck D, Haigh J, van den Oord J, Larue L, Davidson I, Marine JC, Berx G. Identification of a ZEB2-MITF-ZEB1 transcriptional network that controls melanogenesis and melanoma progression. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1250-61. [PMID: 24769727 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of signaling pathways that control differentiation, expansion and migration of neural crest-derived melanoblasts during normal development contributes also to melanoma progression and metastasis. Although several epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transcription factors, such as zinc finger E-box binding protein 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2, have been implicated in neural crest cell biology, little is known about their role in melanocyte homeostasis and melanoma. Here we show that mice lacking Zeb2 in the melanocyte lineage exhibit a melanoblast migration defect and, unexpectedly, a severe melanocyte differentiation defect. Loss of Zeb2 in the melanocyte lineage results in a downregulation of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) and melanocyte differentiation markers concomitant with an upregulation of Zeb1. We identify a transcriptional signaling network in which the EMT transcription factor ZEB2 regulates MITF levels to control melanocyte differentiation. Moreover, our data are also relevant for human melanomagenesis as loss of ZEB2 expression is associated with reduced patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Denecker
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Vandamme
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - O Akay
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Koludrovic
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J Taminau
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Lemeire
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Gheldof
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B De Craene
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Van Gele
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Brochez
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G M Udupi
- 1] UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland [2] OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Rafferty
- OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Balint
- OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - W M Gallagher
- 1] UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland [2] OncoMark Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - G Ghanem
- Institute Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Huylebroeck
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium [2] Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Haigh
- 1] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Vascular Cell Biology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J van den Oord
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Larue
- Curie Institute, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1021, Orsay, France
| | - I Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J-C Marine
- 1] Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium [2] Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Berx
- 1] Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Melanoblasts are a particular type of cell that displays extensive cellular proliferation during development to contribute to the skin. There are only a few melanoblast founders, initially located just dorsal to the neural tube, and they sequentially colonize the dermis, epidermis, and hair follicles. In each compartment, melanoblasts are exposed to a wide variety of developmental cues that regulate their expansion. The colonization of the dermis and epidermis by melanoblasts involves substantial proliferation to generate thousands of cells or more from a few founders within a week of development. This review addresses the cellular and molecular events occurring during melanoblast development. We focus on intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control melanoblast proliferation. We also present a robust mathematical model for estimating the doubling-time of dermal and epidermal melanoblasts for all coat color phenotypes from black to white.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, 91405, Orsay, France.
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