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Metz L, Guirado T, Beaulieu K, Pereira B, Brun C, Coutarel F, Duclos M, Thivel D. Cognitive work on a walking desk does not lead to compensatory appetitive responses in healthy young adults. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:114008. [PMID: 36341834 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In addition to the low energy expenditure induced by sedentary behaviors such as sitting, it has been shown that intense cognitive work can lead to an increase in food intake. Walking Desk provide the opportunity for office workers to replace prolonged sitting at work with light intensity physical activity. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of sitting vs standing vs walking during a cognitive task on energy intake, appetite sensations, food reward and overall energy balance. METHODS Fifteen normal weight (BMI: 24.1 ± 1.2 kg m-2) young men (23.4 ± 2.1 years) randomly performed three conditions: sitting desk (SitD), standing desk (StD) and walking desk (WD), while performing a 45-min cognitive task. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, regular appetite sensations were assessed using visual analogue scales, energy intake measured during an ad libitum meal and the relative energy intake calculated. Pre and post-test meal food reward was evaluated through the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. RESULTS Relative energy intake decreased by 150 kcal in WD compared with SitD, however it did not reach statistical significance. There were no differences in appetite sensations nor food reward between the three conditions. Energy expenditure was significantly higher in WD (141.8 ± 13 kcal) than in SitD (78.7 ± 5 8 kcal) and StD (85.9 ± 8 kcal) (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Walking desk use can decrease sedentary time while working without any appetitive compensation. The small reduction in energy balance with walking while working could induce significant health benefits if repeated over time. Future longer studies need to clarify whether active desks can contribute to the prevention or management of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Metz
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere CEDEX, France; Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Terry Guirado
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere CEDEX, France; Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unit of Biostatistics (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Brun
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere CEDEX, France; Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Coutarel
- Laboratory ACTé Clermont Auvergne University, 63407 Chamalières Cedex, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere CEDEX, France; Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Thivel D, Genin P, Fillon A, Khammassi M, Roche J, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G, Chaput JP, Duclos M, Tremblay A, Pereira B, Metz L. Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:433-9. [PMID: 33657531 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. METHODS A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT-EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate-workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. RESULTS Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX (P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT (P < .01). EI was higher in CON (P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT (P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all Ps < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and CT-EX (P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX (P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. CONCLUSION While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work.
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Abstract
Sedentary behavior refers to certain activities in a reclining, seated, or lying position requiring very low energy expenditure. It has been suggested to be distinct from physical inactivity and an independent predictor of metabolic risk even if an individual meets current physical activity guidelines. Over the past decades, a shift in the activity profile of individuals has been observed with vigorous physical activity and sleep being partly replaced by cognitive work, a potential neurogenic stress component considering its hormonal and neurophysiological effects, leading to various impacts on health. Mental work, for instance, may significantly increase glycemic instability leading to an increase in the desire to eat and thus, higher energy intakes. Furthermore, screen-based leisure activities (e.g., television watching) and screen-based work activities (e.g., computer use for work purposes) have often been considered together while they may not trigger the same stress response and/or use of substrate. Thus, the problems of sedentariness may not only be attributed to a lack of movement, but also to the stimulation provided by replacing activities. The objective of this review is to discuss the (1) recent evidence and current state of knowledge regarding the health impact of sedentary behaviors on health; (2) potential neurogenic effects of cognitive work as a sedentary behavior; (3) link between sedentary behaviors and the diet; (4) resemblance between sedentary behaviors and the inadequate sleeper; and (5) potential solutions to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Panahi
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Physical Education, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Tremblay A. Obesity Management: What Should We Do If Fat Gain Is Necessary to Maintain Body Homeostasis in a Modern World? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29915559 PMCID: PMC5994423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight has substantially increased over the last decades despite the intent of health professionals and the general population to prevent this trend. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been attributed to unhealthy dietary macronutrient composition and/or to the decrease in physical activity participation. Beyond the influence of these factors, it is more than likely that other factors have influenced energy balance in a context of modernity. These include inadequate sleep, demanding cognitive effort, chemical pollution, and probably others which also have the potential to promote a positive energy balance but which are also part of the reality of success and productivity in a globalized world. As discussed in this paper, many individuals may become conflicted with themselves if they wish to prevent weight gain while influencing factors which are determinants of their socioeconomic success. In this regard, this paper reminds us of the contribution of adipose tissue gain in body homeostasis which is essential to permit energy balance, especially under lifestyle conditions promoting overfeeding. From a clinical standpoint, this imposes the consideration of a weight loss program as a search for compromise between what can be changed to promote a negative energy balance and what can be tolerated by the body in terms of fat loss. Furthermore, if we also consider the impact of pollution on energy balance for which we currently do not hold solutions of reversibility, we probably must accept that the mankind of today will have to be more corpulent than its ancestors. In this pessimistic environment, there are still possibilities to do better; however, this will probably require the revisiting of lifestyle practices according to what the human body and planet can tolerate as deviation from optimal functioning.
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Neumeier WH, Goodner E, Biasini F, Dhurandhar EJ, Menear KS, Turan B, Hunter GR. Exercise following Mental Work Prevented Overeating. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1803-9. [PMID: 27116647 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mental work may promote caloric intake, whereas exercise may offset positive energy balance by decreasing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. PURPOSE This study aimed to replicate previous findings that mental work increases caloric intake compared with a rest condition and assess whether exercise after mental work can offset this effect. METHODS Thirty-eight male and female university students were randomly assigned to mental work + rest (MW + R) or mental work + exercise (MW + E). Participants also completed a baseline rest (BR) visit consisting of no mental work or exercise. Visit order was counterbalanced. During the MW + R or MW + E visit, participants completed a 20-min mental task and either a 15-min rest (MW + R) or a 15-min interval exercise (MW + E). Each visit ended with an ad libitum pizza lunch. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare eating behavior between groups. RESULTS Participants in the MW + R condition consumed an average of 100 more kilocalories compared with BR (633.3 ± 72.9 and 533.9 ± 67.7, respectively, P = 0.02), and participants in MW + E consumed an average of 25 kcal less compared with BR (432.3 ± 69.2 and 456.5 ± 64.2, respectively, P > 0.05). When including the estimated energy expenditure of exercise in the MW + E conditions, participants were in negative energy balance by an average of 98.5 ± 41.5 kcal, resulting in a significant difference in energy balance between the two groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION An acute bout of interval exercise after mental work resulted in significantly decreased food consumption compared with a nonexercise condition. These results suggest that an acute bout of exercise may be used to offset positive energy balance induced by mental tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Neumeier
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; 2Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and 3Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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Tremblay A, Lachance É. Tackling obesity at the community level by integrating healthy diet, movement and non-movement behaviours. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:82-87. [PMID: 28164447 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increase in obesity prevalence over the last decades has generally been attributed to suboptimal macronutrient diet composition and insufficient physical activities. However, recent literature has revealed that other environmental factors contribute to the positive energy balance that underlies body-weight gain and should be considered in efforts to tackle obesity. As discussed in this paper, it also appears that successful obesity management could not happen without actions at a community level that would ultimately impact energy balance. These measures generally include a better use of the school environment to promote healthy behaviours. Furthermore, in a foreseeable future, communities will probably have to consider sustainable development in their list of criteria deserving attention in the global management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - É Lachance
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Mathieu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Metabolic Health and Complex Diseases, Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Tremblay A, Picard-Deland É, Panahi S, Marette A. Adipose tissue and sustainable development: a connection that needs protection. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:110. [PMID: 26074821 PMCID: PMC4445306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is generally considered as an excess body fat that increases the risk to develop ergonomic, metabolic, and psychosocial problems. As suggested in this paper, body fat gain is also a protective adaptation that prevents body lipotoxicity, contributes to the secretion of molecules involved in metabolic regulation, and dilutes lipid soluble persistent organic pollutants. Recent literature shows that this protective role of adipose tissue is more solicited in a modern context in which unsuspected factors can affect energy balance to a much greater extent than what is generally perceived by health care professionals. These factors include short sleep duration, demanding mental work, and chemical pollution whose impact is more detectable in a context dominated by economic productivity and competitiveness. Since these factors might also include the increase in atmospheric CO2, it is likely that obesity prevention will need the support of a promotion in sustainable development, whether it is for human health, and well-being or global ecological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University Quebec City, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Éliane Picard-Deland
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Shirin Panahi
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Quebec City, QC, Canada
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