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Yu Y, Dong L, Zhang L, Gan J, Peng J, Liu T, Chen J, Lu X, He L, Cheng B. Effect of flowing water on the pharmacokinetic properties of norfloxacin in channel catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
) after single‐dose oral administration. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1201-1210. [PMID: 37002647 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a widely used, water-saving and efficient aquaculture model. However, bacterial diseases are common in farmed fish reared at high densities. Although antibiotics effectively treat these diseases, developing efficient methods to increase drug clearance in fish and decrease the concentrations of antibiotic residues in aquatic products is essential. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the effect of flowing water in the RAS on norfloxacin (NOR) pharmacokinetics in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). METHODS Channel catfish were randomly divided into the control group (RAS group) and the experimental group (flow-through aquaculture system group) (120 individuals/group). A NOR dose of 20 mg/kg was then orally administered to the fish. Plasma, muscle, liver and kidney samples were collected up to 168 h after treatment. NOR concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method. RESULTS Flowing water had a significant effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of NOR, increasing NOR clearance in the kidney, muscle and plasma. The time to maximum concentration of NOR was shorter in the plasma and longer in the kidney and liver. Moreover, flowing water increased the maximum concentration of NOR in the kidney, muscle and plasma and decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration in the liver and plasma. Flowing water decreased the withdrawal period in muscle from 10 to 6 days. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that flowing water can potentially increase NOR clearance in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jie Peng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Xiaorong Lu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Quality and Standards Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing China
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Rairat T, Kumphaphat S, Chuchird N, Srisapoome P, Phansawat P, Keetanon A, Liu YK, Chou CC. Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosages and withdrawal time of florfenicol in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) after oral administration via medicated feed. J Fish Dis 2023; 46:75-84. [PMID: 36179060 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an economically important fish in Asian and Australian markets, but few pharmacokinetic (PK) data of antimicrobial drugs in this species is available. The present study investigated the PK behaviour of florfenicol (FF) through medicated feed in Asian seabass cultured at 25°C. The serum and muscle/skin concentrations of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) were determined by the HPLC-FLD method and analysed by one-compartmental model. The optimal dosages were determined by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) approach and the linear regression analysis was used to determine the withdrawal time (WDT). The PK study following a single oral administration of 15 mg/kg FF via medicated feed revealed that the absorption half-life (t1/2Ka ), elimination half-life (t1/2K ), peak concentration (Cmax ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), volume of distribution (Vd/F) and clearance (CL/F) were 1.47 h, 8.07 h, 8.61 μg/ml, 146.41 h·μg/ml, 1.19 L/kg and 0.102 L/kg/h, respectively. The muscle/skin concentration-time profile was similar to that of the serum, suggesting well distribution but only a small fraction of FF was metabolized to FFA. The optimal dosage for a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/ml was calculated as 13.38 mg/kg/day. The appropriate WDT after multiple oral medications with 15 mg/kg FF once daily for 7 days was determined as 8 days. Information obtained from the current study can potentially be applied for the treatment of bacterial diseases in farming Asian seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirawat Rairat
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Kumphaphat
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Niti Chuchird
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Putsucha Phansawat
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunothai Keetanon
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yi-Kai Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Srisapoome P, Tell LA, Chou CC. Editorial: Aquatic Pharmacology, Volume II: Pharmacokinetics for Aquatic Species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1039868. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1039868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brønstad A. Good Anesthesia Practice for Fish and Other Aquatics. Biology 2022; 11:1355. [PMID: 36138834 PMCID: PMC9495490 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary It is vitally important that fish and other aquatic animals are not at risk of pain, suffering, or distress when they are used in procedures. In addition, many procedures involve taking them out of water, which can be very stressful for them as many species cannot breathe out of water. Proper use of anesthesia can reduce the potential suffering for the fish. However, anesthesia must be performed skillfully to achieve the desired effect and to avoid adverse effects. This paper will focus on important factors to support vital functions in anesthetized animals and will include factors to consider before, during, and after anesthesia. I suggest that these are good anesthetic practices for aquatic animals. Abstract Fish and other aquatic animals represent a significant number of species with diverse physiology, size, and housing condition needs. Anesthesia may be necessary for several husbandry procedures as well as treatment of diseases, surgery, or experimental procedures. Choice of drugs and detailed procedures for anesthesia must be adapted to the species in question—there is no “one size fits all” solution. However, there are some basic principles that apply for good anesthetic practice of all animals. These principles include the preparations of animals, personnel, facilities and equipment, monitoring animals under anesthesia, as well as post-anesthetic care to be sure that animals are not lost in the recovery phase. Good anesthesia practice also includes the competence and commitment of personnel involved. Based on professional judgement, key factors will be the focus of this text.
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Siavwapa S, Hasimuna OJ, Maulu S, Monde C. A comparative analysis of the anaesthetic effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) on male and female three spotted tilapia ( Oreochromis andersonii). Journal of Applied Animal Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2064478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sillah Siavwapa
- Department of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kapasa Makasa University, Chinsali, Zambia
| | - Oliver J. Hasimuna
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Science Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lilongwe University of Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
- National Aquaculture Research and Development Centre (NARDC), Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Kitwe, Zambia
- Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University (CBU), Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Sahya Maulu
- Centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Concilia Monde
- Department of Agriculture and Aquatic Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kapasa Makasa University, Chinsali, Zambia
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Tang Y, Zhang H, Yang G, Fang C, Kong C, Tian L, Huang X. Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:122. [PMID: 35361203 PMCID: PMC8969250 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eugenol is the most commonly used plant anesthetic to relieve the stressors during various aquaculture procedures. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths in a simulated transportation. Results The pharmacokinetics of eugenol were firstly investigated in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths of 300 mg L− 1 eugenol over 5 min (Treatment 1), 10 mg L− 1 eugenol during 24 h (Treatment 2) and a sequential immersion administration (Treatment 3). Concentrations of eugenol in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and muscle were determined using Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). After immersion bath of Treatment 1, the elimination half-life (t1/2z) values are 1.3 h and 11 h for hepatopancreas and muscles, indicating the rapid absorption and elimination of eugenol in shrimp. Under the Treatment 2 administration, the eugenol peak concentration is 6527.9 μg/kg in muscle, followed by 402.8 μg/kg in hepatopancreas, with the lowest concentration of 37.9 μg/L in hemolymph. Area under the curve (AUC0-∞) values lie in the order of muscle > hepatopancreas > hemolymph, suggesting that eugenol tends to accumulate in muscle by the immersion administration. Moreover, the average residence time (MRT0-∞) values of 38.6, 23.0 and 115.3 h for hemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle are achieved, which may indicate that hepatopancreas is the main organ for elimination of eugenol. After combining the conditions in a sequential bath immersion of eugenol (Treatment 3), the maximum concentration (Cmax) values of eugenol are higher than those achieved in Treatment 2, indicating that accumulation of eugenol happened in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle. In addition, the corresponding t1/2z values are 4.7, 14.9 and 47.6 h, respectively, suggesting the faster elimination from the tissues following sequential administration. After the immersion bath, eugenol concentrations in muscle of Pacific white shrimp are lower than 2.5 mg/kg at 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h in Treatment 1 ~ 3. Conclusions A withdrawal period of 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h following a 300 mg L− 1 of eugenol over a 5-min, 10 mg L− 1 eugenol concentration during a 24-h and combined conditions in a sequential immersion bath were suggested. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03145-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Jiang Xi Provincial Fisheries Research Institute, Fudayou 1099, Nanchang, 330039, P. R. China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Changling Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Cong Kong
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Tian
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyun Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China.
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Martin M, Smith S, Kleinhenz M, Magnin G, Lin Z, Kuhn D, Montgomery S, Coetzee J. Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Fishes 2021; 6:68. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of pain perception in fish is well established, but analgesic use in aquaculture is limited. The objective was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of flunixin administered intramuscularly (IM) and meloxicam administered IM or orally (PO) in tilapia. Two hundred and seventy fish were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: flunixin meglumine IM (2.2 mg/kg); meloxicam IM (1 mg/kg); or meloxicam PO (1 mg/kg). Blood and tissue samples were collected from 6 fish per treatment at 14 time points for 10 days. Drug concentrations were determined using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Plasma concentration versus time data were analyzed with a non-compartmental approach using a commercially available software. Flunixin reached a mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of 4826.7 ng/mL at 0.5 h, had a terminal half-life (T1/2) of 7.34 h, and an area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCINF_obs) of 25,261.62 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam IM had a T1/2 of 9.4 h after reaching a Cmax of 11.3 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUCINF_obs of 150.31 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam PO had a T1/2 of 1.9 h after reaching a Cmax of 72.2 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUCINF_obs of 400.83 h·ng/mL. Tissue concentrations of both drugs were undetectable by 9 h. Flunixin reached a sufficient plasma concentration to potentially have an analgesic effect, while meloxicam, when administered at the given dosage, likely would not.
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Uney K, Terzi E, Durna Corum D, Ozdemir RC, Bilen S, Corum O. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Enrofloxacin Following Single Oral Administration of Different Doses in Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113086. [PMID: 34827818 PMCID: PMC8614407 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies report the use of enrofloxacin at higher doses than 10 mg/kg in fish. Pharmacokinetic data for increasing doses of enrofloxacin can facilitate suggestions regarding the dose for the treatment of infections in brown trout. This study aims to determine single oral pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses in brown trout and pharmacodynamics against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria. Enrofloxacin exhibited non-linear and dose-disproportional pharmacokinetics. The long action of enrofloxacin following the single oral administration at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses may provide the unique dosage regimen to minimize handling, thereby reducing the cost of administration and stress in brown trout. Abstract The pharmacokinetic of enrofloxacin was investigated in brown trout (Salmo trutta) following oral administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses at 11 ± 1.5 °C. Furthermore, MICs of enrofloxacin against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria were determined. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined using HPLC–UV and analyzed by non-compartmental method. Following oral administration at dose of 10 mg/kg, total clearance (CL/F), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0−∞) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 41.32 mL/h/kg, 242.02 h*μg/mL and 4.63 μg/mL, respectively. When compared to 10 mg/kg dose, the dose-normalized AUC0–∞ and Cmax were increased by 56.30% and 30.08%, respectively, while CL/F decreased by 38.4% at 40 mg/kg dose, suggesting the non-linearity. Ciprofloxacin was not detected in the all of plasma samples. The MIC values of enrofloxacin were ranged 0.0625–4 μg/mL for A. hydrophila and 0.0625–2 μg/mL for A. sobria. The oral administration of enrofloxacin at 10 (for 192 h) and 20 (for 240 h) mg/kg doses provided the AUC of enrofloxacin equal to 1.23 and 1.96-fold MICs, respectively, for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with the MIC90 values of 1 µg/mL. However, further researches are needed on the PK/PD study of enrofloxacin for the successful treatment of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria in brown trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya 42031, Turkey;
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey; (E.T.); (R.C.O.); (S.B.)
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey;
| | - Rahmi Can Ozdemir
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey; (E.T.); (R.C.O.); (S.B.)
| | - Soner Bilen
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey; (E.T.); (R.C.O.); (S.B.)
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-3662805112
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