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Chen L, Li Y, Zhu J, Li Z, Wang W, Qi Z, Li D, Yao P, Bi Z, Sun C, Liu Y, Liu Z. Comprehensive Characterization of the C3HC4 RING Finger Gene Family in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.): Insights into Their Involvement in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2082. [PMID: 38396758 PMCID: PMC10889778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The C3HC4 RING finger gene (RING-HC) family is a zinc finger protein crucial to plant growth. However, there have been no studies on the RING-HC gene family in potato. In this study, 77 putative StRING-HCs were identified in the potato genome and grouped into three clusters based on phylogenetic relationships, the chromosome distribution, gene structure, conserved motif, gene duplication events, and synteny relationships, and cis-acting elements were systematically analyzed. By analyzing RNA-seq data of potato cultivars, the candidate StRING-HC genes that might participate in tissue development, abiotic stress, especially drought stress, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were further determined. Finally, a StRING-HC gene (Soltu.DM.09G017280 annotated as StRNF4-like), which was highly expressed in pigmented potato tubers was focused on. StRNF4-like localized in the nucleus, and Y2H assays showed that it could interact with the anthocyanin-regulating transcription factors (TFs) StbHLH1 of potato tubers, which is localized in the nucleus and membrane. Transient assays showed that StRNF4-like repressed anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana by directly suppressing the activity of the dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) promoter activated by StAN1 and StbHLH1. The results suggest that StRNF4-like might repress anthocyanin accumulation in potato tubers by interacting with StbHLH1. Our comprehensive analysis of the potato StRING-HCs family contributes valuable knowledge to the understanding of their functions in potato development, abiotic stress, hormone signaling, and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yuanming Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhitao Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Weilu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zheying Qi
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Dechen Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (Z.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Q.); (D.L.); (Z.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
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Sun L, Li SD, Li Y, Wang L, Pu XM, Ge YP, Na Q, Li WH, Cheng XH. Population genetics provides insights into the important agronomic traits of Ganoderma cultivation varieties in China. Gene 2024; 893:147938. [PMID: 38381508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and genetic differentiation of the genome of the main cultivated strains of Ganoderma in China. Population genomics analysis was conducted based on 150 cultivated strains of Ganoderma collected nationwide. The results indicated that the main species currently cultivated in China were Ganoderma sichuanense and Ganoderma lucidum, with a minor proportion of Ganoderma sessile, Ganoderma weberianum, Ganoderma sinense, Ganoderma gibbosum and Ganoderma australe. A total of 336,506 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained through population evolution analysis. The Fst values were calculated using a 5-kb sliding window, which ranged from 0.11 to 0.74. This suggests varying degrees of genetic differentiation between populations and genetic exchange among varieties. On this basis, the genes related to the stipe length, cap color and branch phenotypes of Ganoderma were excavated, and the region with the top 1% ZFst value region was used as a candidate region. A total of 137, 270 and 222 candidate genes were identified in the aforementioned 3 phenotypes, respectively. Gene annotation revealed that genes associated with stipe length were mainly related to cell division and differentiation, including proteins such as Nse4 protein and DIM1 protein. The genes related to Ganoderma red color were mainly related to the metabolism of tryptophan and flavonoids. The genes related to the branch were mainly related to cytokinin synthesis, ABC transporter and cytochrome P450. This study provided 150 valuable genome resequencing data in assessing the diversity and genetic differentiation of Ganoderma and laid a foundation for agronomic trait analysis and the development of new varieties of Ganoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shi-da Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yin Li
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiu-Min Pu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yu-Peng Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Qin Na
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wei-Huan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xian-Hao Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Ahmad N, Xu Y, Zang F, Li D, Liu Z. The evolutionary trajectories of specialized metabolites towards antiviral defense system in plants. Mol Hortic 2024; 4:2. [PMID: 38212862 PMCID: PMC10785382 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections in plants pose major challenges to agriculture and global food security in the twenty-first century. Plants have evolved a diverse range of specialized metabolites (PSMs) for defenses against pathogens. Although, PSMs-mediated plant-microorganism interactions have been widely discovered, these are mainly confined to plant-bacteria or plant-fungal interactions. PSM-mediated plant-virus interaction, however, is more complicated often due to the additional involvement of virus spreading vectors. Here, we review the major classes of PSMs and their emerging roles involved in antiviral resistances. In addition, evolutionary scenarios for PSM-mediated interactions between plant, virus and virus-transmitting vectors are presented. These advancements in comprehending the biochemical language of PSMs during plant-virus interactions not only lay the foundation for understanding potential co-evolution across life kingdoms, but also open a gateway to the fundamental principles of biological control strategies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Faheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEPMS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Wen X, Yuan J, Bozorov TA, Waheed A, Kahar G, Haxim Y, Liu X, Huang L, Zhang D. An efficient screening system of disease-resistant genes from wild apple, Malus sieversii in response to Valsa mali pathogenic fungus. Plant Methods 2023; 19:138. [PMID: 38042829 PMCID: PMC10693133 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
For molecular breeding of future apples, wild apple (Malus sieversii), the primary progenitor of domesticated apples, provides abundant genetic diversity and disease-resistance traits. Valsa canker (caused by the fungal pathogen Valsa mali) poses a major threat to wild apple population as well as to cultivated apple production in China. In the present study, we developed an efficient system for screening disease-resistant genes of M. sieversii in response to V. mali. An optimal agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of M. sieversii was first used to manipulate in situ the expression of candidate genes. After that, the pathogen V. mali was inoculated on transformed leaves and stems, and 3 additional methods for slower disease courses were developed for V. mali inoculation. To identify the resistant genes, a series of experiments were performed including morphological (incidence, lesion area/length, fungal biomass), physiological (H2O2 content, malondialdehyde content), and molecular (Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) approaches. Using the optimized system, we identified two transcription factors with high resistance to V. mali, MsbHLH41 and MsEIL3. Furthermore, 35 and 45 downstream genes of MsbHLH41 and MsEIL3 were identified by screening the V. mali response gene database in M. sieversii, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that the disease-resistant gene screening system has a wide range of applications for identifying resistant genes and exploring their immune regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
- National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem in Yili (XinJiang), Academy of Forestry in Yili, Yili, 835100, China
| | - Jiangxue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Tohir A Bozorov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Gulnaz Kahar
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yakupjan Haxim
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China.
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China.
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Tan Z, Lu D, Yu Y, Li L, Dong W, Xu L, Yang Q, Wan X, Liang H. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the bHLH Gene Family and Its Response to Abiotic Stresses in Carthamus tinctorius. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3764. [PMID: 37960120 PMCID: PMC10648185 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors possess DNA-binding and dimerization domains and are involved in various biological and physiological processes, such as growth and development, the regulation of secondary metabolites, and stress response. However, the bHLH gene family in C. tinctorius has not been investigated. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and analysis of bHLH transcription factors in C. tinctorius. A total of 120 CtbHLH genes were identified, distributed across all 12 chromosomes, and classified into 24 subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, the 120 CtbHLH genes were subjected to comprehensive analyses, including protein sequence alignment, evolutionary assessment, motif prediction, and the analysis of promoter cis-acting elements. The promoter region analysis revealed that CtbHLH genes encompass cis-acting elements and were associated with various aspects of plant growth and development, responses to phytohormones, as well as responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Expression profiles, sourced from transcriptome databases, indicated distinct expression patterns among these CtbHLH genes, which appeared to be either tissue-specific or specific to certain cultivars. To further explore their functionality, we determined the expression levels of fifteen CtbHLH genes known to harbor motifs related to abiotic and hormone responses. This investigation encompassed treatments with ABA, salt, drought, and MeJA. The results demonstrated substantial variations in the expression patterns of CtbHLH genes in response to these abiotic and hormonal treatments. In summary, our study establishes a solid foundation for future inquiries into the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the CtbHLH gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Tan
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lanjie Xu
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiufu Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, China;
| | - Huizhen Liang
- Institute of Chinese Herbel Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.T.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (W.D.); (L.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Liu S, Wang L, Chang L, Khan I, Nadeem F, Rehman A, Suo R. Evaluating the influence of straw mulching and intercropping on nitrogen uptake, crop growth, and yield performance in maize and soybean. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1280382. [PMID: 37900744 PMCID: PMC10611467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Intercropping and straw mulching are sustainable agricultural practices that can positively affect crop growth and development, especially together. Methods A split-plot experimental design was used to investigate the effects of intercropping and straw mulching on crop growth, crop yield, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthetic characteristics. The main plot focused on three planting patterns: soybean monoculture (S), maize monoculture (M), and maize/soybean intercropping (I). The subplot structure consisted of four levels of straw mulching (0, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6 t ha-1). Results Interaction and variance analyses showed that straw mulching, intercropping, and their interaction had significant effects on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake, photosynthetic characteristics, and crop yield. Based on two-year averages for maize and soybean, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was up to 51.6% higher, stomatal conductance (Sc) was up to 44.0% higher, transpiration rate (Tr) was up to 46.6% higher, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) was up to 25.7% lower relative to no mulching. The maximum increases of Pn, Sc, and Tr of intercropped maize were 15.48%, 17.28%, and 23.94%, respectively, and the maximum Ci was 17.75% lower than that of monoculture maize. The maximum increase of Pn, Sc, and Tr of monoculture soybean was 24.58%, 16.90%, and 17.91%, respectively, and the maximum Ci was 13.85% lower than that of intercropped soybean. The nitrogen uptake of maize and soybean in the mulching treatment was 24.3% higher than that in the non-mulching treatment; the nitrogen uptake of intercropped maize was 34.2% higher than that of monoculture maize, and the nitrogen uptake of monoculture soybean was 15.0% higher than that of intercropped soybean. The yield of maize and soybean in the mulching treatment was 66.6% higher than that in the non-mulching treatment, the maize yield under intercropping was 15.4% higher than that under monoculture, and the yield of monoculture soybean was 9.03% higher than that of intercropped soybean. Discussion The growth index and photosynthesis of crops are important parts of yield formation. The results of this study confirmed that straw mulching, intercropping, and their interaction can ultimately increase crop yield by improving crop growth, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthesis. This result can be used as the theoretical basis for the combined application of these measures in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Liu
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Chang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ismail Khan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Faisal Nadeem
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, DI Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ran Suo
- Quality Supervision Department, Chaoyang City Water Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision Station, Chaoyang, China
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Wang Y, Li Z, Ahmad N, Sheng X, Iqbal B, Naeem M, Wang N, Li F, Yao N, Liu X. Unraveling the functional characterization of a jasmonate-induced flavonoid biosynthetic CYP45082G24 gene in Carthamus tinctorius. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 37212893 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenases plays a major role in the evolution and diversification of plant natural products. The function of cytochrome P450s in physiological adaptability, secondary metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification has been studied extensively in numerous plant species. However, their underlying regulatory mechanism in safflower still remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the functional role of a putative CtCYP82G24-encoding gene in safflower, which suggests crucial insights into the regulation of methyl jasmonate-induced flavonoid accumulation in transgenic plants. The results showed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was associated with a progressive upregulation of CtCYP82G24 expression in safflower among other treatment conditions including light, dark, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In addition, transgenic plants overexpressing CtCYP82G24 demonstrated increased expression level of other key flavonoid biosynthetic genes, such as AtDFR, AtANS, and AtFLS, and higher content of flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation when compared with wild-type and mutant plants. Under exogenous MeJA treatment, the CtCYP82G24 transgenic overexpressed lines showed a significant spike in flavonoid and anthocyanin content compared with wild-type and mutant plants. Moreover, the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay of CtCYP82G24 in safflower leaves exhibited decreased flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation and reduced expression of key flavonoid biosynthetic genes, suggesting a possible coordination between transcriptional regulation of CtCYP82G24 and flavonoid accumulation. Together, our findings confirmed the likely role of CtCYP82G24 during MeJA-induced flavonoid accumulation in safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fengwei Li
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Na Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xiuming Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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