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Wei Z, Zhang D, Liu X, Nie H, Ouyang Q, Zhang X, Zheng Z. Screening of efficient salicylaldoxime reactivators for DFP and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1225-1235. [PMID: 38665821 PMCID: PMC11042241 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00628j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported two salicylaldoxime conjugates (L7R3 and L7R5) showing equal or even higher reactivating efficiency for both organophosphorus nerve agent and pesticide inhibited acetylcholinesterase in comparison to obidoxime and HI-6. In this study, L7R3 and L7R5 were selected as lead compounds and refined by employing a fragment-based drug design strategy, and a total of 32 novel salicylaldoxime conjugates were constructed and screened for DFP and paraoxon inhibited acetylcholinesterase. The findings demonstrate that the conjugate L73R3, which contains a 4-nitrophenyl group, exhibited a higher reactivation efficacy against paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase compared to obidoxime and HI-6. It was confirmed that the combination of a 4-pyridinyl or 4-nitrophenyl peripheral site ligand, a piperazine linker and a methyl or chloro-substituted salicylaldoxime could construct efficient nonquaternary oxime reactivators. The results hold promise for developing a new generation of highly effective antidotes for organophosphate poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University Xi'an 300071 China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University Xi'an 300071 China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University Xi'an 300071 China
| | - Huifang Nie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University Xi'an 300071 China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University Xi'an 300071 China
| | - Zhibing Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing 100850 China
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Bourne Y, Sulzenbacher G, Chabaud L, Aráoz R, Radić Z, Conrod S, Taylor P, Guillou C, Molgó J, Marchot P. The Cyclic Imine Core Common to the Marine Macrocyclic Toxins Is Sufficient to Dictate Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonism. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:149. [PMID: 38667766 PMCID: PMC11050823 DOI: 10.3390/md22040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic imine phycotoxins are an emerging class of chemical compounds associated with harmful algal blooms and shellfish toxicity. Earlier binding and electrophysiology experiments on nAChR subtypes and their soluble AChBP surrogates evidenced common trends for substantial antagonism, binding affinities, and receptor-subtype selectivity. Earlier, complementary crystal structures of AChBP complexes showed that common determinants within the binding nest at each subunit interface confer high-affinity toxin binding, while distinctive determinants from the flexible loop C, and either capping the nest or extending toward peripheral subsites, dictate broad versus narrow receptor subtype selectivity. From these data, small spiroimine enantiomers mimicking the functional core motif of phycotoxins were chemically synthesized and characterized. Voltage-clamp analyses involving three nAChR subtypes revealed preserved antagonism for both enantiomers, despite lower subtype specificity and binding affinities associated with faster reversibility compared with their macrocyclic relatives. Binding and structural analyses involving two AChBPs pointed to modest affinities and positional variability of the spiroimines, along with a range of AChBP loop-C conformations denoting a prevalence of antagonistic properties. These data highlight the major contribution of the spiroimine core to binding within the nAChR nest and confirm the need for an extended interaction network as established by the macrocyclic toxins to define high affinities and marked subtype specificity. This study identifies a minimal set of functional pharmacophores and binding determinants as templates for designing new antagonists targeting disease-associated nAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Bourne
- Lab “Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques” (AFMB), Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Campus Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; (Y.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gerlind Sulzenbacher
- Lab “Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques” (AFMB), Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Campus Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; (Y.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (L.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Rómulo Aráoz
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS) EMR CNRS 9004, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Zoran Radić
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751, USA; (Z.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Sandrine Conrod
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13344 Marseille, France;
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751, USA; (Z.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (L.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS) EMR CNRS 9004, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (R.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Lab “Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques” (AFMB), Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Campus Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; (Y.B.); (G.S.)
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13344 Marseille, France;
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Čadež T, Kolić D, Šinko G, Kovarik Z. Assessment of four organophosphorus pesticides as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21486. [PMID: 34728713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) remains a major public health concern due to their widespread use as pesticides and the existence of nerve agents. Their common mechanism of action involves inhibition of enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) which are crucial for neurotransmission. Both chronic and acute poisoning by OPs can leave long-lasting health effects even when the patients are treated with standard medical therapy. Therefore, an increasing urgency exists to find more effective oxime reactivators for compounds which are resistant to reactivation, especially phosphoramidates. Here, we investigated in silico and in vitro interactions and kinetics of inhibition for human cholinesterases with four organophosphate pesticides-ethoprophos, fenamiphos, methamidophos and phosalone. Overall, ethoprophos and fenamiphos displayed higher potency as inhibitors for tested cholinesterases. Our results show that methamidophos-inhibited hAChE was more susceptible to reactivation than hAChE inhibited by fenamiphos by selected oximes. Molecular modelling enabled an evaluation of interactions important for specificity and selectivity of both inhibition and reactivation of cholinesterases. Two newly developed reactivators-bispyridinium triazole oxime 14A and zwitterionic oxime RS194B possess remarkable potential for further development of antidotes directed against pesticides and related phosphoramidate exposures, such as nerve agents tabun or Novichoks.
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Anglister L, Silman I, Soreq H. Preface: Cholinergic mechanisms: This is the Preface for the special issue "Cholinergic Mechanisms". J Neurochem 2021; 158:1212-1216. [PMID: 34458988 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, entitled "Cholinergic Mechanisms," presents 15 reviews and two original papers, which have been selected to cover the broad spectrum of topics and disciplines presented at the XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM-XVI), ranging from the molecular and the cellular to the clinical and the cognitive mechanisms of cholinergic transmission. The authors discuss recent developments in the field, for instance, the association of cholinergic transmission with a number of important neurological and neuromuscular diseases in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Anglister
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Silman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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