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Lee M, Kim D, Park MR, Kim S, Kim JL, Lee JW, Yang J, Kim OK, Lee J. Indian Gooseberry and Barley Sprout Complex Prevent Oxidative Stress and Photoaging of the Skin in Ultraviolet B-Irradiated SHK-I Mice. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38579153 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of a complex of Indian gooseberry and barley sprout (IB complex) on oxidative stress and skin damage caused by ultraviolet B irradiation in SHK-I hairless mice. The study examined the impact of IB complex on skin hydration, wrinkle formation, and melanogenesis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. The IB complex reduced skin hydration loss and wrinkle formation, while also demonstrating enhanced antioxidant activities. The IB complex maintained skin hydration via upregulation of hyaluronic acid and ceramide synthesis, including the regulation of hyaluronic acid synthase, long-chain ceramide formation, dihydroceramide desaturase 1 activity, and type I collagen production. The IB complex prevented wrinkle formation via downregulating JNK and upregulating TGF-β pathways. Moreover, IB complex blocked melanin production via inhibition of protein kinase A, cAMP response element-binding protein, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor pathways. These results suggest that IB complex is a potential agent to protect the skin against photodamage caused by exposure to UVB radiation. The research protocols underwent approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Kyung Hee University (KHGASP-21-577), ensuring compliance with ethical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Korea
| | - Dakyung Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jong Wook Lee
- HLscience Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biotechnology Industry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jinseong Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Korea
- Clinical Nutrition Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Ghasemiyeh P, Fazlinejad R, Kiafar MR, Rasekh S, Mokhtarzadegan M, Mohammadi-Samani S. Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337282. [PMID: 38628650 PMCID: PMC11019021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation skin disorder that is more common in the female gender. Although melasma is a multifactorial skin disorder, however, sun-exposure and genetic predisposition are considered as the main etiologic factors in melasma occurrence. Although numerous topical and systemic therapeutic agents and also non-pharmacologic procedural treatments have been considered in melasma management, however, the commonly available therapeutic options have several limitations including the lack of sufficient clinical effectiveness, risk of relapse, and high rate of unwanted adverse drug reactions. Recruitment of nanotechnology for topical drug delivery in melasma management can lead to enhanced skin penetration, targeted drug delivery to the site of action, longer deposition at the targeted area, and limit systemic absorption and therefore systemic availability and adverse drug reactions. In the current review, first of all, the etiology, pathophysiology, and severity classification of melasma have been considered. Then, various pharmacologic and procedural therapeutic options in melasma treatment have been discussed. Afterward, the usage of various types of nanoparticles for the purpose of topical drug delivery for melasma management was considered. In the end, numerous clinical studies and controlled clinical trials on the assessment of the effectiveness of these novel topical formulations in melasma management are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghasemiyeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahil Fazlinejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kiafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rasekh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jiryis B, Toledano O, Avitan-Hersh E, Khamaysi Z. Management of Melasma: Laser and Other Therapies-Review Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1468. [PMID: 38592701 PMCID: PMC10932414 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a commonly occurring pigmented skin condition that can significantly affect one's appearance, described as symmetric hyperpigmentation that presents as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on various facial areas, such as the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, and upper lip, along with the mandible and upper arms. Due to its complex pathogenesis and recurrent nature, melasma management is challenging and the outcomes following treatment are not always deemed satisfactory. Solely treating hyperpigmentation may prove ineffective unless paired with regenerative techniques and photoprotection, since one of the main reasons for recurrence is sun exposure. Hence, the treatment protocol starts with addressing risk factors, implementing stringent UV protection, and then treatment using different strategies, like applying topical treatments, employing chemical peels, laser and light therapies, microneedling, and systemic therapy. This review aims to provide a summary of the effectiveness and safety of the frequently employed laser and light therapies for treating melasma, focusing on laser therapy as a treatment for melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badea Jiryis
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (B.J.); (E.A.-H.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | | | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (B.J.); (E.A.-H.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Ziad Khamaysi
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (B.J.); (E.A.-H.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
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Mota S, Rosa GP, Barreto MC, Garrido J, Sousa E, Cruz MT, Almeida IF, Quintas C. Comparative Studies on the Photoreactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of Depigmenting Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:55. [PMID: 38256889 PMCID: PMC10820089 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Depigmenting products are increasingly used to counteract skin hyperpigmentation and related psychosocial issues. This study aimed to compare different depigmenting agents-4-butylresorcinol; bakuchiol; tranexamic acid; ascorbyl glucoside; α-arbutin; and ascorbic acid-for photoreactivity; tyrosinase inhibition; and safety. Photoreactivity was assessed using the Reactive Oxygen Species assay. In vitro tyrosinase inhibition was compared, and cell viability was assessed in B-16V melanocytes to evaluate safety. Results showed 4-butylresorcinol, ascorbyl glucoside, and α-arbutin are non-photoreactive, while for ascorbic acid and bakuchiol it was not possible to reach conclusive results due to the lack of specificity of the ROS assay. 4-Butylresorcinol, acting as a competitive inhibitor, displayed potent tyrosinase inhibition, followed by ascorbic acid and bakuchiol. Both 4-butylresorcinol and bakuchiol reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The insights obtained in this work support the development of depigmenting products by providing useful scientific guidance on the photostability, tyrosinase inhibitory efficacy, and skin safety of depigmenting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mota
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Gonçalo P. Rosa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-192 Aveiro, Portugal;
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Barreto
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP-IMS, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria T. Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel F. Almeida
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Clara Quintas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Azulay DR, Bravo BSF, Azulay V, Martins FF, Luiz RR, Cuzzi T, Mandarim CA, Manela-Azulay M. Durability of the improvement of collagen I and collagen III with the use of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of photoaging. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:1538-1542. [PMID: 37861232 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral isotretinoin (ISO) is the drug of choice for the treatment of severe acne. For photoaging treatment, ISO has been proved to be effective in some controlled and noncontrolled trials and is an alternative to topical retinoic acid (RA) therapy, which causes an expected skin irritation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the skin remodeling in patients taking ISO 20 mg 3 times a week for 12 weeks and 12 weeks after the end of the treatment to quantify collagen I and collagen III augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical studies were performed to evaluate the expression of collagen I and collagen III, metalloproteinases (MMPs) -1, -3, -7, -9, -12, and the tissue inhibitor of MMP type-1 (TIMP-1) of the skin of 20 45 to 50-year-old women through morphometry in a semiquantitative method. The inclusion criteria were facial aging 2 and 3 of Glogau's classification, with phototypes between II and V who had not entered menopause. Biopsies of the skin of the left preauricular region were performed at three different times: pre-treatment (T0), end of 12-week treatment (T1), and 12 weeks posttreatment (T2). RESULTS Collagen fibers I and III increased with statistical significance in T1 (50.7%; P = 0.012) but not in T2 (49.7%), which in turn was higher than in T0 (47.2%) for collagen I and T1 (33.3%; P = 0.002) but not in T2 (32.7%), and also was higher than T0 (32.0%) for collagen III. MMP-9 presented a decreased activity with statistical significance in T1 (P = 0.047) and T2 (P = 0.058). MMP-1 showed a reduction in T2 only (P = 0.015). MMPs -3, -7, -12, and TIMP-1 did not present significant modification in their expressions during or after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose ISO is effective in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study found that the increase of collagen occurs through the augmentation of both collagen I and collagen III fibers. With originality, it was possible to verify the durability of these fibers for at least 12 weeks. This may be related to the decrease in MMP-9 expression verified at the end of the treatment and 12 weeks posttreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Azulay
- Institute of Dermatology, Prof. Rubem David Azulay do Hospital Geral da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna S F Bravo
- Institute of Dermatology, Prof. Rubem David Azulay do Hospital Geral da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Azulay
- Institute of Dermatology, Prof. Rubem David Azulay do Hospital Geral da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane F Martins
- Laboratório de Morfometria e Morfologia Cardiovascular do Departamento de Anatomia da, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronir R Luiz
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tullia Cuzzi
- Institute of Dermatology, Prof. Rubem David Azulay do Hospital Geral da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim
- Laboratório de Morfometria e Morfologia Cardiovascular do Departamento de Anatomia da, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica Manela-Azulay
- Institute of Dermatology, Prof. Rubem David Azulay do Hospital Geral da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hasan M, Khatun A, Kogure K. Intradermal Delivery of Naked mRNA Vaccines via Iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2678. [PMID: 38140019 PMCID: PMC10747697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against infectious diseases and for anticancer immunotherapy have garnered considerable attention. Currently, mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles are administrated via intramuscular injection using a needle. However, such administration is associated with pain, needle phobia, and lack of patient compliance. Furthermore, side effects such as fever and anaphylaxis associated with the lipid nanoparticle components are also serious problems. Therefore, noninvasive, painless administration of mRNA vaccines that do not contain other problematic components is highly desirable. Antigen-presenting cells reside in the epidermis and dermis, making the skin an attractive vaccination site. Iontophoresis (ItP) uses weak electric current applied to the skin surface and offers a noninvasive permeation technology that enables intradermal delivery of hydrophilic and ionic substances. ItP-mediated intradermal delivery of biological macromolecules has also been studied. Herein, we review the literature on the use of ItP technology for intradermal delivery of naked mRNA vaccines which is expected to overcome the challenges associated with mRNA vaccination. In addition to the physical mechanism, we discuss novel biological mechanisms of iontophoresis, particularly ItP-mediated opening of the skin barriers and the intracellular uptake pathway, and how the combined mechanisms can allow for effective intradermal delivery of mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Anowara Khatun
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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