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Wang X, Slater A, Lee SC, Harrison N, Pollock NL, Bakker SE, Navarro S, Nieswandt B, Dafforn TR, García Á, Watson SP, Tomlinson MG. Purification and characterisation of the platelet-activating GPVI/FcRγ complex in SMALPs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109944. [PMID: 38395124 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The collagen/fibrin(ogen) receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), is a platelet activating receptor and a promising anti-thrombotic drug target. However, while agonist-induced GPVI clustering on platelet membranes has been shown to be essential for its activation, it is unknown if GPVI dimerisation represents a unique conformation for ligand binding. Current GPVI structures all contain only the two immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains in the GPVI extracellular region, so lacking the mucin-like stalk, transmembrane, cytoplasmic tail of GPVI and its associated Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) homodimer signalling chain, and provide contradictory insights into the mechanisms of GPVI dimerisation. Here, we utilised styrene maleic-acid lipid particles (SMALPs) to extract GPVI in complex with its two associated FcRγ chains from transfected HEK-293T cells, together with the adjacent lipid bilayer, then purified and characterised the GPVI/FcRγ-containing SMALPs, to enable structural insights into the full-length GPVI/FcRγ complex. Using size exclusion chromatography followed by a native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method, SMA-PAGE, we revealed multiple sizes of the purified GPVI/FcRγ SMALPs, suggesting the potential existence of GPVI oligomers. Importantly, GPVI/FcRγ SMALPs were functional as they could bind collagen. Mono-dispersed GPVI/FcRγ SMALPs could be observed under negative stain electron microscopy. These results pave the way for the future investigation of GPVI stoichiometry and structure, while also validating SMALPs as a promising tool for the investigation of human membrane protein interactions, stoichiometry and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Sarah C Lee
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neale Harrison
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Naomi L Pollock
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saskia E Bakker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Stefano Navarro
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Tim R Dafforn
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ángel García
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
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Montague SJ, Price J, Pennycott K, Pavey NJ, Martin EM, Thirlwell I, Kemble S, Monteiro C, Redmond-Motteram L, Lawson N, Reynolds K, Fratter C, Bignell P, Groenheide A, Huskens D, de Laat B, Pike JA, Poulter NS, Thomas SG, Lowe GC, Lancashire J, Harrison P, Morgan NV. Comprehensive functional characterization of a novel ANO6 variant in a new patient with Scott syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00127-2. [PMID: 38492852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scott syndrome is a mild platelet-type bleeding disorder, first described in 1979, with only 3 unrelated families identified through defective phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and confirmed by sequencing. The syndrome is distinguished by impaired surface exposure of procoagulant PS on platelets after stimulation. To date, platelet function and thrombin generation in this condition have not been extensively characterized. OBJECTIVES Genetic and functional studies were undertaken in a consanguineous family with a history of excessive bleeding of unknown cause. METHODS A targeted gene panel of known bleeding and platelet genes was used to identify possible genetic variants. Platelet phenotyping, flow adhesion, flow cytometry, whole blood and platelet-rich plasma thrombin generation, and specialized extracellular vesicle measurements were performed. RESULTS We detected a novel homozygous frameshift variant, c.1943del (p.Arg648Hisfs∗23), in ANO6 encoding Anoctamin 6, in a patient with a bleeding history but interestingly with normal ANO6 expression. Phenotyping of the patient's platelets confirmed the absence of PS expression and procoagulant activity but also revealed other defects including reduced platelet δ granules, reduced ristocetin-mediated aggregation and secretion, and reduced P-selectin expression after stimulation. PS was absent on spread platelets, and thrombi formed over collagen at 1500/s. Reduced thrombin generation was observed in platelet-rich plasma and confirmed in whole blood using a new thrombin generation assay. CONCLUSION We present a comprehensive report of a patient with Scott syndrome with a novel frameshift variant in AN06, which is associated with no platelet PS exposure and markedly reduced thrombin generation in whole blood, explaining the significant bleeding phenotype observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Price
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Pennycott
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha J Pavey
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Thirlwell
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Monteiro
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Redmond-Motteram
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Lawson
- Haemophilia Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Reynolds
- Haemophilia Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Fratter
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Bignell
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dana Huskens
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A Pike
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian C Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Comprehensive Care Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Lancashire
- Haemophilia Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Models of arterial thrombus formation represent a vital experimental tool to investigate platelet function and test novel antithrombotic drugs. This review highlights some of the recent advances in modelling thrombus formation in vitro and suggests potential future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Microfluidic devices and the availability of commercial chips in addition to enhanced accessibility of 3D printing has facilitated a rapid surge in the development of novel in-vitro thrombosis models. These include progression towards more sophisticated, 'vessel on a chip' models which incorporate vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Other approaches include the addition of branches to the traditional single channel to yield an occlusive model; and developments in the adhesive coating of microfluidic chambers to better mimic the thrombogenic surface exposed following plaque rupture. Future developments in the drive to create more biologically relevant chambers could see a move towards the use of human placental vessels, perfused ex-vivo. However, further work is required to determine the feasibility and validity of this approach. SUMMARY Recent advances in thrombus formation models have significantly improved the pathophysiological relevance of in-vitro flow chambers to better reflect the in-vivo environment and provide a more translational platform to test novel antithrombotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Drysdale
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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4
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Baaten CCFMJ, Nagy M, Bergmeier W, Spronk HMH, van der Meijden PEJ. Platelet biology and function: plaque erosion vs. rupture. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:18-31. [PMID: 37940193 PMCID: PMC10757869 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of heart disease in developed countries is coronary atherosclerosis, which is not simply a result of ageing but a chronic inflammatory process that can lead to acute clinical events upon atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion and arterial thrombus formation. The composition and location of atherosclerotic plaques determine the phenotype of the lesion and whether it is more likely to rupture or to erode. Although plaque rupture and erosion both initiate platelet activation on the exposed vascular surface, the contribution of platelets to thrombus formation differs between the two phenotypes. In this review, plaque phenotype is discussed in relation to thrombus composition, and an overview of important mediators (haemodynamics, matrix components, and soluble factors) in plaque-induced platelet activation is given. As thrombus formation on disrupted plaques does not necessarily result in complete vessel occlusion, plaque healing can occur. Therefore, the latest findings on plaque healing and the potential role of platelets in this process are summarized. Finally, the clinical need for more effective antithrombotic agents is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Blood Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henri M H Spronk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+ Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debeyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart+ Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debeyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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5
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Sim MMS, Shiferawe S, Wood JP. Novel strategies in antithrombotic therapy: targeting thrombosis while preserving hemostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1272971. [PMID: 37937289 PMCID: PMC10626538 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1272971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombotic therapy is a delicate balance between the benefits of preventing a thrombotic event and the risks of inducing a major bleed. Traditional approaches have included antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, require careful dosing and monitoring, and all carry some risk of bleeding. In recent years, several new targets have been identified, both in the platelet and coagulation systems, which may mitigate this bleeding risk. In this review, we briefly describe the current state of antithrombotic therapy, and then present a detailed discussion of the new generation of drugs that are being developed to target more safely existing or newly identified pathways, alongside the strategies to reverse direct oral anticoagulants, showcasing the breadth of approaches. Combined, these exciting advances in antithrombotic therapy bring us closer than we have ever been to the "holy grail" of the field, a treatment that separates the hemostatic and thrombotic systems, preventing clots without any concurrent bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M. S. Sim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Semekidus Shiferawe
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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6
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Whyte CS, Morrow GB, Gauer JS, Montague SJ, Nicolson PLR. Novel therapeutics and emerging technology in haemostasis and thrombosis: highlights from the British society for haemostasis and thrombosis annual meeting. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1225243. [PMID: 37745127 PMCID: PMC10512947 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1225243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2023 annual meeting of the British Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis (BSHT) was held in Birmingham, United Kingdom. The theme of this year's meeting was novel therapeutics and emerging technology. Here, the exciting research presented at the meeting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Whyte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gael B. Morrow
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia S. Gauer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha J. Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L. R. Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- West Midlands Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Mangin PH, Gardiner EE, Ariëns RAS, Jandrot-Perrus M. Glycoprotein VI interplay with fibrin(ogen) in thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1703-1713. [PMID: 36990158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in the arrest of bleeding. The ability of platelets to engage with extracellular matrix proteins of the subendothelium has long been recognized as a pivotal platelet attribute, underpinning adequate hemostasis. The propensity of platelets to rapidly bind and functionally respond to collagen was one of the earliest documented events in platelet biology. The receptor primarily responsible for mediating platelet/collagen responses was identified as glycoprotein (GP) VI and successfully cloned in 1999. Since that time, this receptor has held the attention of many research groups, and through these efforts, we now have an excellent understanding of the roles of GPVI as a platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific adheso-signaling receptor in platelet biology. GPVI is considered a viable antithrombotic target, as data obtained from groups across the world is consistent with GPVI being less involved in physiological hemostatic processes but participating in arterial thrombosis. This review will highlight the key aspects of GPVI contributions to platelet biology and concentrate on the interaction with recently identified ligands, with a focus on fibrin and fibrinogen, discussing the role of these interactions in the growth and stability of thrombi. We will also discuss important therapeutic developments that target GPVI to modulate platelet function while minimizing bleeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg F-67065 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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8
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Bocancia-Mateescu LA, Stan D, Mirica AC, Ghita MG, Stan D, Ruta LL. Nanobodies as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:863. [PMID: 37375810 PMCID: PMC10301117 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize some of the most recent work in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis and therapy, focusing mainly on the role of nanobodies in the development of non-invasive imaging methods, diagnostic devices, and advanced biotechnological therapy tools. In the context of the increased number of people suffering from CVDs due to a variety of factors such as sedentariness, poor nutrition, stress, and smoking, there is an urgent need for new and improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Nanobodies can be easily produced in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and plant and mammalian cells, and offer great advantages. In the diagnosis domain, they are mainly used as labeled probes that bind to certain surface receptors or other target molecules and give important information on the severity and extent of atherosclerotic lesions, using imaging methods such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging (CEUMI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography coupled with computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and PET/CT. As therapy tools, nanobodies have been used either for transporting drug-loaded vesicles to specific targets or as inhibitors for certain enzymes and receptors, demonstrated to be involved in various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Stan
- DDS Diagnostic, 7 Vulcan Judetu, 031427 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-A.B.-M.); (D.S.); (A.-C.M.); (M.G.G.); (D.S.)
- Medicine Doctoral School, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Cristina Mirica
- DDS Diagnostic, 7 Vulcan Judetu, 031427 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-A.B.-M.); (D.S.); (A.-C.M.); (M.G.G.); (D.S.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Gabriela Ghita
- DDS Diagnostic, 7 Vulcan Judetu, 031427 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-A.B.-M.); (D.S.); (A.-C.M.); (M.G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Stan
- DDS Diagnostic, 7 Vulcan Judetu, 031427 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-A.B.-M.); (D.S.); (A.-C.M.); (M.G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Lavinia Liliana Ruta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Tantiwong C, Dunster JL, Cavill R, Tomlinson MG, Wierling C, Heemskerk JWM, Gibbins JM. An agent-based approach for modelling and simulation of glycoprotein VI receptor diffusion, localisation and dimerisation in platelet lipid rafts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3906. [PMID: 36890261 PMCID: PMC9994409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor diffusion plays an essential role in cellular signalling via the plasma membrane microenvironment and receptor interactions, but the regulation is not well understood. To aid in understanding of the key determinants of receptor diffusion and signalling, we developed agent-based models (ABMs) to explore the extent of dimerisation of the platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific receptor for collagen glycoprotein VI (GPVI). This approach assessed the importance of glycolipid enriched raft-like domains within the plasma membrane that lower receptor diffusivity. Our model simulations demonstrated that GPVI dimers preferentially concentrate in confined domains and, if diffusivity within domains is decreased relative to outside of domains, dimerisation rates are increased. While an increased amount of confined domains resulted in further dimerisation, merging of domains, which may occur upon membrane rearrangements, was without effect. Modelling of the proportion of the cell membrane which constitutes lipid rafts indicated that dimerisation levels could not be explained by these alone. Crowding of receptors by other membrane proteins was also an important determinant of GPVI dimerisation. Together, these results demonstrate the value of ABM approaches in exploring the interactions on a cell surface, guiding the experimentation for new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukiat Tantiwong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne L Dunster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Jooss NJ, Henskens YMC, Watson SP, Farndale RW, Gawaz MP, Jandrot-Perrus M, Poulter NS, Heemskerk JWM. Pharmacological Inhibition of Glycoprotein VI- and Integrin α2β1-Induced Thrombus Formation Modulated by the Collagen Type. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:597-612. [PMID: 36807826 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In secondary cardiovascular disease prevention, treatments blocking platelet-derived secondary mediators pose a risk of bleeding. Pharmacological interference of the interaction of platelets with exposed vascular collagens is an attractive alternative, with clinical trials ongoing. Antagonists of the collagen receptors, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and integrin α2β1, include recombinant GPVI-Fc dimer construct Revacept, 9O12 mAb based on the GPVI-blocking reagent Glenzocimab, Syk tyrosine-kinase inhibitor PRT-060318, and anti-α2β1 mAb 6F1. No direct comparison has been made of the antithrombic potential of these drugs. METHODS Using a multiparameter whole-blood microfluidic assay, we compared the effects of Revacept, 9O12-Fab, PRT-060318, or 6F1 mAb intervention with vascular collagens and collagen-related substrates with varying dependencies on GPVI and α2β1. To inform on Revacept binding to collagen, we used fluorescent-labelled anti-GPVI nanobody-28. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this first comparison of four inhibitors of platelet-collagen interactions with antithrombotic potential, we find that at arterial shear rate: (1) the thrombus-inhibiting effect of Revacept was restricted to highly GPVI-activating surfaces; (2) 9O12-Fab consistently but partly inhibited thrombus size on all surfaces; (3) effects of GPVI-directed interventions were surpassed by Syk inhibition; and (4) α2β1-directed intervention with 6F1 mAb was strongest for collagens where Revacept and 9O12-Fab were limitedly effective. Our data hence reveal a distinct pharmacological profile for GPVI-binding competition (Revacept), GPVI receptor blockage (9O12-Fab), GPVI signaling (PRT-060318), and α2β1 blockage (6F1 mAb) in flow-dependent thrombus formation, depending on the platelet-activating potential of the collagen substrate. This work thus points to additive antithrombotic action mechanisms of the investigated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Jooss
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne M C Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,CambCol Laboratories, Ely, United Kingdom
| | - Meinrad P Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- UMR_S1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Damaskinaki FN, Jooss NJ, Martin EM, Clark JC, Thomas MR, Poulter NS, Emsley J, Kellam B, Watson SP, Slater A. Characterizing the binding of glycoprotein VI with nanobody 35 reveals a novel monomeric structure of glycoprotein VI where the conformation of D1+D2 is independent of dimerization. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:317-328. [PMID: 36700508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platelet-signaling receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is a promising antithrombotic target. We have previously raised a series of high-affinity nanobodies (Nbs) against GPVI and identified Nb2, Nb21, and Nb35 as potent GPVI inhibitors. The Nb2 binding site has been mapped to the D1 domain, which is directly adjacent to the CRP binding site. Ligand-binding complementary determining region 3 has only 15% conservation between all 3 Nbs. OBJECTIVES To map the binding sites of Nb21 and Nb35 on GPVI. METHODS We determined the X-ray crystal structure of the D1 and D2 extracellular domains of the GPVI-Nb35 complex. We then looked at the effects of various GPVI mutations on the ability of Nbs to inhibit collagen binding and GPVI signaling using surface binding assays and transfected cell lines. RESULTS The crystal structure of GPVI bound to Nb35 was solved. GPVI was present as a monomer, and the D1+D2 conformation was comparable to that in the dimeric structure. Arg46, Tyr47, and Ala57 are common residues on GPVI targeted by both Nb2 and Nb35. Mutating Arg46 to an Ala abrogated the ability of Nb2, Nb21, and Nb35 to inhibit collagen-induced GPVI signaling and blocked the binding of all 3 Nbs. In addition, Arg60 was found to reduce Nb21 inhibition but not the inhibition Nb2 or Nb35. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal key residues involved in the high-affinity binding of GPVI inhibitors and negate the idea that GPVI dimerization induces a conformational change required for ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Natalie J Jooss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joanne C Clark
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Jonas Emsley
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Gresele P, Momi S. Novel approaches to antiplatelet therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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