1
|
Corrêa RL, Kutnjak D, Ambrós S, Bustos M, Elena SF. Identification of epigenetically regulated genes involved in plant-virus interaction and their role in virus-triggered induced resistance. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:172. [PMID: 38443837 PMCID: PMC10913459 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant responses to a wide range of stresses are known to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Pathogen-related investigations, particularly against RNA viruses, are however scarce. It has been demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana plants defective in some members of the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) or histone modification pathways presented differential susceptibility to the turnip mosaic virus. In order to identify genes directly targeted by the RdDM-related RNA Polymerase V (POLV) complex and the histone demethylase protein JUMONJI14 (JMJ14) during infection, the transcriptomes of infected mutant and control plants were obtained and integrated with available chromatin occupancy data for various epigenetic proteins and marks. RESULTS A comprehensive list of virus-responsive gene candidates to be regulated by the two proteins was obtained. Twelve genes were selected for further characterization, confirming their dynamic regulation during the course of infection. Several epigenetic marks on their promoter sequences were found using in silico data, raising confidence that the identified genes are actually regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. The altered expression of six of these genes in mutants of the methyltransferase gene CURLY LEAF and the histone deacetylase gene HISTONE DEACETYLASE 19 suggests that some virus-responsive genes may be regulated by multiple coordinated epigenetic complexes. A temporally separated multiple plant virus infection experiment in which plants were transiently infected with one virus and then infected by a second one was designed to investigate the possible roles of the identified POLV- and JMJ14-regulated genes in wild-type (WT) plants. Plants that had previously been stimulated with viruses were found to be more resistant to subsequent virus challenge than control plants. Several POLV- and JMJ14-regulated genes were found to be regulated in virus induced resistance in WT plants, with some of them poisoned to be expressed in early infection stages. CONCLUSIONS A set of confident candidate genes directly regulated by the POLV and JMJ14 proteins during virus infection was identified, with indications that some of them may be regulated by multiple epigenetic modules. A subset of these genes may also play a role in the tolerance of WT plants to repeated, intermittent virus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régis L Corrêa
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) - Universitat de València (UV), Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) - Universitat de València (UV), Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Silvia Ambrós
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) - Universitat de València (UV), Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Mónica Bustos
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) - Universitat de València (UV), Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) - Universitat de València (UV), Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin W, Yan W, Ma M, Hasi A, Che G. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the JMJ-C gene family in melon (Cucumis melo L.) reveals their potential role in fruit development. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:771. [PMID: 38093236 PMCID: PMC10720240 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins with the jumonji (JMJ)-C domain belong to the histone demethylase family and contribute to reverse histone methylation. Although JMJ-C family genes have an essential role in regulating plant growth and development, the characterization of the JMJ-C family genes in melon has not been uncovered. RESULTS In this study, a total of 17 JMJ-C proteins were identified in melon (Cucumis melo L.). CmJMJs were categorized into five subfamilies based on the specific conserved domain: KDM4/JHDM3, KDM5/JARID1, JMJD6, KDM3/JHDM2, and JMJ-C domain-only. The chromosome localization analyses showed that 17 CmJMJs were distributed on nine chromosomes. Cis-acting element analyses of the 17 CmJMJ genes showed numerous hormone, light, and stress response elements distributed in the promoter region. Covariance analysis revealed one pair of replicated fragments (CmJMJ3a and CmJMJ3b) in 17 CmJMJ genes. We investigated the expression profile of 17 CmJMJ genes in different lateral organs and four developmental stages of fruit by RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR. The results revealed that most CmJMJ genes were prominently expressed in female flowers, ovaries, and developing fruits, suggesting their active role in melon fruit development. Subcellular localization showed that the fruit-related CmJMJ5a protein is specifically localized in the cell nucleus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the gene structure, classification, and evolution of JMJ-C in melon and supports the clarification of the JMJ-C functions in further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Agula Hasi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Gen Che
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie SS, Duan CG. Epigenetic regulation of plant immunity: from chromatin codes to plant disease resistance. aBIOTECH 2023; 4:124-139. [PMID: 37581024 PMCID: PMC10423193 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Facing a deteriorating natural environment and an increasing serious food crisis, bioengineering-based breeding is increasing in importance. To defend against pathogen infection, plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms, including pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). A complex regulatory network acts downstream of these PTI and ETI pathways, including hormone signal transduction and transcriptional reprogramming. In recent years, increasing lines of evidence show that epigenetic factors act, as key regulators involved in the transcriptional reprogramming, to modulate plant immune responses. Here, we summarize current progress on the regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation and histone modifications in plant defense responses. In addition, we also discuss the application of epigenetic mechanism-based resistance strategies in plant disease breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Xie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Cheng-Guo Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng J, Jiang G, Liang H, Yan H, Kong X, Duan X, Li Z. Histone demethylase MaJMJ15 is involved in the regulation of postharvest banana fruit ripening. Food Chem 2023; 407:135102. [PMID: 36495744 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays important roles in plant development. However, the role of histone methylation in fruit ripening remains unclear. Here, a total of 16 Jumonji domain-containing proteins (JMJs) were identified from banana genome. During fruit ripening, expression of MaJMJ15 was significantly upregulated. Exogenous ethylene accelerated the upregulation whereas 1-methylcyclopropene delayed the process, suggesting that MaJMJ15 positively regulates banana fruit ripening. MaJMJ15 is an H3K27me3 site-specific demethylase. Transient overexpression of MaJMJ15 promoted banana fruit ripening. Moreover, the global H3K27me3 was decreased by MaJMJ15. Furthermore, MaJMJ15 directly targeted several key ripening-related genes (RRGs) in banana including NAC transcription factor 1/2 (MaNAC1/2), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1 (MaACS1), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (MaACO1) and expansin 2 (MaEXP2), removed H3K27me3 from their chromatin, and activated their expression. Our data suggest that MaJMJ15 is an H3K27me3 demethylase, which is involved in the regulation of banana fruit ripening by activating expression of key RRGs via removal of H3K27me3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangjin Kong
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lim GH. Regulation of Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid in Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Pathol J 2023; 39:21-27. [PMID: 36760046 PMCID: PMC9929166 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.10.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a central immune signal that is involved in both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to SA, several other chemical signals are also involved in SAR and these include N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP), a newly discovered plant metabolite that plays a crucial role in SAR. Recent discoveries have led to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of SA and NHP and their signaling during plant defense responses. Here, I review the recent progress in role of SA and NHP in SAR. In addition, I discuss how these signals cooperate with other SAR-inducing chemicals to regulate SAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang H, Fan T, Wu J, Zhu Y, Shen WH. Histone modification and chromatin remodeling in plant response to pathogens. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:986940. [PMID: 36262654 PMCID: PMC9574397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to changing environments frequently under diverse stresses. Invasion by pathogens, including virus, bacterial and fungal infections, can severely impede plant growth and development, causing important yield loss and thus challenging food/feed security worldwide. During evolution, plants have adapted complex systems, including coordinated global gene expression networks, to defend against pathogen attacks. In recent years, growing evidences indicate that pathogen infections can trigger local and global epigenetic changes that reprogram the transcription of plant defense genes, which in turn helps plants to fight against pathogens. Here, we summarize up plant defense pathways and epigenetic mechanisms and we review in depth current knowledge's about histone modifications and chromatin-remodeling factors found in the epigenetic regulation of plant response to biotic stresses. It is anticipated that epigenetic mechanisms may be explorable in the design of tools to generate stress-resistant plant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tianyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen Y, Chi Y, Lu S, Lu H, Shi L. Involvement of JMJ15 in the dynamic change of genome-wide H3K4me3 in response to salt stress. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1009723. [PMID: 36226276 PMCID: PMC9549339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications play important roles in regulating chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is a prominent histone modification mainly associated with gene activation. Here we showed that a histone demethylase, JMJ15, belonging to KDM5/JARID group, is involved in salt stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Jmj15 loss-of-function mutants displayed increased sensitivity to salt stress. Moreover, knockout of JMJ15 impaired the salt responsive gene expression program and affected H3K4me3 levels of many stress-related genes under salt-stressed condition. Importantly, we demonstrated that JMJ15 regulated the expression level of two WRKY transcription factors, WRKY46 and WRKY70, which were negatively involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, JMJ15 directly bound to and demethylated H3K4me3 mark in the promoter and coding regions of WRKY46 and WRKY70, thereby repressing these two WRKY gene expression under salt stress. Overall, our study revealed a novel molecular function of the histone demethylase JMJ15 under salt stress in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuhao Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu H, Du J. Structure and mechanism of histone methylation dynamics in Arabidopsis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 67:102211. [PMID: 35452951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays a central role in regulating chromatin state and gene expression in Arabidopsis and is involved in a variety of physiological and developmental processes. Dynamic regulation of histone methylation relies on both histone methyltransferase "writer" and histone demethylases "eraser" proteins. In this review, we focus on the four major histone methylation modifications in Arabidopsis H3, H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, and H3K36, and summarize current knowledge of the dynamic regulation of these modifications, with an emphasis on the biochemical and structural perspectives of histone methyltransferases and demethylases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiamu Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Q, Sun W, Chen C, Dong D, Cao Y, Dong Y, Yu L, Yue Z, Jin X. Overexpression of histone demethylase gene SlJMJ524 from tomato confers Cd tolerance by regulating metal transport-related protein genes and flavonoid content in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2022; 318:111205. [PMID: 35351314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as a heavy metal, not only negatively affects the development and yield of plants, but also threatens human health due to its accumulation in plants. Increasing evidences indicate that the JUMONJI-C DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (JMJ) gene family plays a key role in regulating plant development and stress. Therefore, in this study, SlJMJ524, a 1254 bp gene encoding the jumonji C domain (417 amino acids), was highly expressed in tomato leaves and flowers. Interestingly, the transgenic plants exhibited sensitivity to Cd during post-germination stage but showed enhanced tolerance to the heavy metal during adult stage. Overexpression of SlJMJ524 increased the expression level of related proteins gene involved in heavy metal uptake while increasing Cd tolerance through the GSH-PC pathway. The higher transcription of genes related to flavonoid synthesis reflected higher accumulations of flavonoids in transgenic plants. Our study demonstrated that the ectopic expression of SlJMJ524 conferred the transgenic plants many traits for improving cadmium stress tolerance at different developmental stages. This study advances our collective understanding of the functional role of JMJs and can be used to improve the cadmium tolerance and breeding of crops and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiyue Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Dingxiao Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaoliang Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghui Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song JB, Huang RK, Guo MJ, Zhou Q, Guo R, Zhang SY, Yao JW, Bai YN, Huang X. Lipids associated with plant-bacteria interaction identified using a metabolomics approach in an Arabidopsis thaliana model. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13293. [PMID: 35502205 PMCID: PMC9055996 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) protects plants against a wide variety of pathogens. In recent decades, numerous studies have focused on the induction of SAR, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Methods We used a metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques to identify SAR-related lipid metabolites in an Arabidopsis thaliana model. Multiple statistical analyses were used to identify the differentially regulated metabolites. Results Numerous lipids were implicated as potential factors in both plant basal resistance and SAR; these include species of phosphatidic acid (PA), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TG). Conclusions Our findings indicate that lipids accumulated in both local and systemic leaves, while other lipids only accumulated in local leaves or in systemic leaves. PA (16:0_18:2), PE (34:5) and PE (16:0_18:2) had higher levels in both local leaves inoculated with Psm ES4326 or Psm avrRpm1 and systemic leaves of the plants locally infected with Psm avrRpm1 or Psm ES4326. PC (32:5) had high levels in leaves inoculated with Psm ES4326. Other differentially regulated metabolites, including PA (18:2_18:2), PA (16:0_18:3), PA (18:3_18:2), PE (16:0_18:3), PE (16:1_16:1), PE (34:4) and TGs showed higher levels in systemic leaves of the plants locally infected with Psm avrRpm1 or Psm ES4326. These findings will help direct future studies on the molecular mechanisms of SAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui-Ke Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Miao-Jie Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Omicsspace Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Ni Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shields A, Shivnauth V, Castroverde CDM. Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxypipecolic Acid at the Fulcrum of the Plant Immunity-Growth Equilibrium. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:841688. [PMID: 35360332 PMCID: PMC8960316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are two central plant immune signals involved in both resistance at local sites of pathogen infection (basal resistance) and at distal uninfected sites after primary infection (systemic acquired resistance). Major discoveries and advances have led to deeper understanding of their biosynthesis and signaling during plant defense responses. In addition to their well-defined roles in immunity, recent research is emerging on their direct mechanistic impacts on plant growth and development. In this review, we will first provide an overview of how SA and NHP regulate local and systemic immune responses in plants. We will emphasize how these two signals are mutually potentiated and are convergent on multiple aspects-from biosynthesis to homeostasis, and from signaling to gene expression and phenotypic responses. We will then highlight how SA and NHP are emerging to be crucial regulators of the growth-defense balance, showcasing recent multi-faceted studies on their metabolism, receptor signaling and direct growth/development-related host targets. Overall, this article reflects current advances and provides future outlooks on SA/NHP biology and their functional significance as central signals for plant immunity and growth. Because global climate change will increasingly influence plant health and resilience, it is paramount to fundamentally understand how these two tightly linked plant signals are at the nexus of the growth-defense balance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zahradníčková H, Opekar S, Řimnáčová L, Šimek P, Moos M. Chiral secondary amino acids, their importance, and methods of analysis. Amino Acids 2022. [PMID: 35192062 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring secondary amino acids, with proline as the main representative, contain an alpha-imino group in a cycle that is typically four-, five-, and six-membered. The unique ring structure exhibits exceptional properties-conformational rigidity, chemical stability, and specific roles in protein structure and folding. Many proline analogues have been used as valuable compounds for the study of metabolism of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and for the synthesis of compounds with desired biological, pharmaceutical, or industrial properties. The D-forms of secondary amino acids play different roles in living organisms than the L-forms. They have different metabolic pathways, biological, physiological, and pharmacological effects, they can be indicators of changes and also serve as biomarkers of diseases. In the scientific literature, the number of articles examining D-amino acids in biological samples is increasing. The review summarises information on the occurrence and importance of D- and L-secondary amino acids-azetidic acid, proline, hydroxyprolines, pipecolic, nipecotic, hydroxypipecolic acids and related peptides containing these D-AAs, as well as the main analytical methods (mostly chromatographic) used for their enantiomeric determination in different matrices (biological samples, plants, food, water, and soil).
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding X, Liu X, Jiang G, Li Z, Song Y, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Duan X. SlJMJ7 orchestrates tomato fruit ripening via crosstalk between H3K4me3 and DML2-mediated DNA demethylation. New Phytol 2022; 233:1202-1219. [PMID: 34729792 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ripening of fleshy fruits is a unique developmental process that Arabidopsis and rice lack. This process is driven by hormones and transcription factors. However, the critical and early regulators of fruit ripening are still poorly understood. Here, we revealed that SlJMJ7, an H3K4 demethylase, is a critical negative regulator of fruit ripening in tomato. Combined genome-wide transcription, binding sites, histone H3K4me3 and DNA methylation analyses demonstrated that SlJMJ7 regulates a key group of ripening-related genes, including ethylene biosynthesis (ACS2, ACS4 and ACO6), transcriptional regulation (RIN and NOR) and DNA demethylation (DML2) genes, by H3K4me3 demethylation. Moreover, loss of SlJMJ7 function leads to increased H3K4me3 levels, which directly activates ripening-related genes, and to global DML2-mediated DNA hypomethylation in fruit, which indirectly prompts expression of ripening-related genes. Together, these effects lead to accelerated fruit ripening in sljmj7 mutant. Our findings demonstrate that SlJMJ7 acts as a master negative regulator of fruit ripening not only through direct removal of H3K4me3 from multiple key ripening-related factors, but also through crosstalk between histone and DNA demethylation. These findings reveal a novel crosstalk between histone methylation and DNA methylation to regulate gene expression in plant developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunbo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brambilla A, Sommer A, Ghirardo A, Wenig M, Knappe C, Weber B, Amesmaier M, Lenk M, Schnitzler JP, Vlot AC. Immunity-associated volatile emissions of β-ionone and nonanal propagate defence responses in neighbouring barley plants. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:615-630. [PMID: 34849759 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants activate biochemical responses to combat stress. (Hemi-)biotrophic pathogens are fended off by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a primed state allowing plants to respond faster and more strongly upon subsequent infection. Here, we show that SAR-like defences in barley (Hordeum vulgare) are propagated between neighbouring plants, which respond with enhanced resistance to the volatile cues from infected senders. The emissions of the sender plants contained 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with infection. Two of these, β-ionone and nonanal, elicited resistance upon plant exposure. Whole-genome transcriptomics analysis confirmed that interplant propagation of defence in barley is established as a form of priming. Although gene expression changes were more pronounced after challenge infection of the receiver plants with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, differential gene expression in response to the volatile cues of the sender plants included an induction of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HvHDA2) and priming of TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT-LIKE superfamily protein (HvTPL). Because HvHDA2 and HvTPL transcript accumulation was also enhanced by exposure of barley to β-ionone and nonanal, our data identify both genes as possible defence/priming markers in barley. Our results suggest that VOCs and plant-plant interactions are relevant for possible crop protection strategies priming defence responses in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brambilla
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Sommer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Knappe
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Baris Weber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Amesmaier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Islam MT, Wang LC, Chen IJ, Lo KL, Lo WS. Arabidopsis JMJ17 promotes cotyledon greening during de-etiolation by repressing genes involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings. New Phytol 2021; 231:1023-1039. [PMID: 33666236 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylases play crucial roles in several developmental processes, but their involvement in seedling establishment remain unexplored. Here, we show that Arabidopsis JUMONJI DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN17 (JMJ17), an H3K4me3 demethylase, is involved in cotyledon greening during seedling establishment. Dark-grown seedlings of jmj17 accumulated a high concentration of protochlorophyllide, an intermediate metabolite in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (TPB) pathway that generates chlorophyll (Chl) during photomorphogenesis. Upon light irradiation, jmj17 mutants displayed decreased cotyledon greening and reduced Chl level compared with the wild-type; overexpression of JMJ17 completely rescued the jmj17-5 phenotype. Transcriptomics analysis uncovered that several genes encoding key enzymes involved in TPB were upregulated in etiolated jmj17 seedlings. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR revealed elevated H3K4me3 level at the promoters of target genes. Chromatin association of JMJ17 was diminished upon light exposure. Furthermore, JMJ17 interacted with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. JMJ17 binds directly to gene promoters to demethylate H3K4me3 to suppress PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE C expression and TPB in the dark. Light results in de-repression of gene expression to modulate seedling greening during de-etiolation. Our study reveals a new role for histone demethylase JMJ17 in controlling cotyledon greening in etiolated seedlings during the dark-to-light transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Torikul Islam
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Long-Chi Wang
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Sheng Lo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yildiz I, Mantz M, Hartmann M, Zeier T, Kessel J, Thurow C, Gatz C, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Zeier J. The mobile SAR signal N-hydroxypipecolic acid induces NPR1-dependent transcriptional reprogramming and immune priming. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1679-1705. [PMID: 33871649 PMCID: PMC8260123 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) accumulates in the plant foliage in response to a localized microbial attack and induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in distant leaf tissue. Previous studies indicated that pathogen inoculation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) systemically activates SAR-related transcriptional reprogramming and a primed immune status in strict dependence of FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), which mediates the endogenous biosynthesis of NHP. Here, we show that elevations of NHP by exogenous treatment are sufficient to induce a SAR-reminiscent transcriptional response that mobilizes key components of immune surveillance and signal transduction. Exogenous NHP primes Arabidopsis wild-type and NHP-deficient fmo1 plants for a boosted induction of pathogen-triggered defenses, such as the biosynthesis of the stress hormone salicylic acid (SA), accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin and branched-chain amino acids, as well as expression of defense-related genes. NHP also sensitizes the foliage systemically for enhanced SA-inducible gene expression. NHP-triggered SAR, transcriptional reprogramming, and defense priming are fortified by SA accumulation, and require the function of the transcriptional coregulator NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR GENES1 (NPR1). Our results suggest that NPR1 transduces NHP-activated immune signaling modes with predominantly SA-dependent and minor SA-independent features. They further support the notion that NHP functions as a mobile immune regulator capable of moving independently of active SA signaling between leaves to systemically activate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Melissa Mantz
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Tatyana Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Jana Kessel
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Corinna Thurow
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Medical Faculty, Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Medical Faculty, Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramos-Cruz D, Troyee AN, Becker C. Epigenetics in plant organismic interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2021; 61:102060. [PMID: 34087759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants are hubs of organismic interactions. They constantly engage in beneficial or competitive interactions with fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, insects, nematodes, and other plants. To adjust the molecular processes necessary for the establishment and maintenance of beneficial interactions and for the defense against pathogens and herbivores, plants have evolved intricate regulatory mechanisms. Besides the canonical plant immune system that acts as the primary defense, epigenetic mechanisms have started to emerge as another regulatory entity and as a target of pathogens trying to overcome the plant's defenses. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the contribution of various epigenetic components and of epigenetic diversity to plant-organismic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramos-Cruz
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Niloya Troyee
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria; Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vlot AC, Sales JH, Lenk M, Bauer K, Brambilla A, Sommer A, Chen Y, Wenig M, Nayem S. Systemic propagation of immunity in plants. New Phytol 2021; 229:1234-1250. [PMID: 32978988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic immunity triggered by local plant-microbe interactions is studied as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) depending on the site of induction and the lifestyle of the inducing microorganism. SAR is induced by pathogens interacting with leaves, whereas ISR is induced by beneficial microbes interacting with roots. Although salicylic acid (SA) is a central component of SAR, additional signals exclusively promote systemic and not local immunity. These signals cooperate in SAR- and possibly also ISR-associated signaling networks that regulate systemic immunity. The non-SA SAR pathway is driven by pipecolic acid or its presumed bioactive derivative N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid. This pathway further regulates inter-plant defense propagation through volatile organic compounds that are emitted by SAR-induced plants and recognized as defense cues by neighboring plants. Both SAR and ISR influence phytohormone crosstalk towards enhanced defense against pathogens, which at the same time affects the composition of the plant microbiome. This potentially leads to further changes in plant defense, plant-microbe, and plant-plant interactions. Therefore, we propose that such inter-organismic interactions could be combined in potentially highly effective plant protection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Corina Vlot
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jennifer H Sales
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Kornelia Bauer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Alessandro Brambilla
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Anna Sommer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Shahran Nayem
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Foroozani M, Vandal MP, Smith AP. H3K4 trimethylation dynamics impact diverse developmental and environmental responses in plants. Planta 2021; 253:4. [PMID: 33387051 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The H3K4me3 histone mark in plants functions in the regulation of gene expression and transcriptional memory, and influences numerous developmental processes and stress responses. Plants execute developmental programs and respond to changing environmental conditions via adjustments in gene expression, which are modulated in part by chromatin structure dynamics. Histone modifications alter chromatin in precise ways on a global scale, having the potential to influence the expression of numerous genes. Trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) is a prominent histone modification that is dogmatically associated with gene activity, but more recently has also been linked to gene repression. As in other eukaryotes, the distribution of H3K4me3 in plant genomes suggests it plays a central role in gene expression regulation, however the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Transcript levels of many genes related to flowering, root, and shoot development are affected by dynamic H3K4me3 levels, as are those for a number of stress-responsive and stress memory-related genes. This review examines the current understanding of how H3K4me3 functions in modulating plant responses to developmental and environmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Foroozani
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew P Vandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Aaron P Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun Z, Wang X, Qiao K, Fan S, Ma Q. Genome-wide analysis of JMJ-C histone demethylase family involved in salt-tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 158:420-433. [PMID: 33257231 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The jumonji C (JMJ-C) domain-containing protein is a histone demethylase and is involved in plant stress. However, the function of the JMJ-C gene family in cotton is still not confirmed. Herein, 25, 26, 52, and 53 members belonging to the JMJ-C gene family were identified in Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium hirsutum, and Gossypium barbadense, respectively. Based on phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains, the JMJ-C genes were categorized into five subfamilies, KDM3, KDM4, KDM5, JMJC, and JMJD6. The chromosomal location, gene structure, motif compositions, and cis-elements have been displayed. The collinear investigation showed that whole-genome duplication event is the mainly power to drive JMJ-C gene family expansion. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that eight GhJMJs were induced by salt and PEG treatment. Further assays confirmed that GhJMJ34/40 greatly improved salt and osmotic tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These results help clarify JMJ-C protein functions in preparation for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Sun
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Anyang Institute of Technology, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Kaikai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Shuli Fan
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Qifeng Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu K, Liu H, Kachroo P. Pipecolic Acid Quantification Using Gas Chromatography-coupled Mass Spectrometry. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3841. [PMID: 33659490 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pipecolic acid (Pip), a non-proteinacious product of lysine catabolism, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike. For instance, Pip accumulation is associated with the genetic disorder Zellweger syndrome, chronic liver diseases, and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy in humans. In plants, Pip accumulates upon pathogen infection and is required for plant defense. The aminotransferase ALD1 catalyzes biosynthesis of Pip precursor piperideine-2-carboxylic acid, which is converted to Pip via ornithine cyclodeaminase. A variety of methods are used to quantify Pip, and some of these involve use of expensive amino acid analysis kits. Here, we describe a simplified procedure for quantitative analysis of Pip from plant tissues. Pipecolic acid was extracted from leaf tissues along with an internal standard norvaline, derivatized with propyl chloroformate and analyzed by gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry using selective ion mode. This procedure is simple, economical, and efficient and does not involve isotopic internal standards or multiple-step derivatizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshun Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|