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Venkata Subbiah H, Ramesh Babu P, Subbiah U. Genetic Polymorphism and Gene Expression of β-Defensin-1 in Periodontitis Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2023; 15:e49814. [PMID: 38169768 PMCID: PMC10758537 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic predispositions are found to play a crucial part in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. There is a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis with severe periodontal tissue destruction seen in diabetic patients. Antimicrobial peptide, β-defensin-1 (DEFB1 gene), plays an important role in the innate immune responses and forms the first line of host defense against periodontal pathogens. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the specific genetic loci of the DEFB1 gene and its expression level could confer a degree of risk or protection from periodontitis associated with diabetes. The present study determined the association between SNPs at the 5' untranslated region (UTR) in the DEFB1 gene and susceptibility to periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and analyzed the effect of 5' UTR polymorphisms on DEFB1 gene expression. Methods SNPs in the 5' UTR of the DEFB1 gene (-20G>A (rs11362), -44C>G (rs1800972), and -52G>A (rs1799946)) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing. The study group included periodontitis (n = 40), periodontitis with T2DM (n = 20), and periodontally and systemically healthy as controls (n = 40). DEFB1 gene expression was determined by real-time PCR in the study group comprising periodontitis (n = 20), periodontitis with T2DM (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 20). The effect of 5' UTR polymorphisms on the expression was analyzed by statistical tools. Results Statistically significant higher prevalence of the variant AA genotype of rs11362 was observed in periodontitis (odds ratio (OR) = 3.64, 95% confidence Interval (CI) = 1.16-11.43, p = 0.04) and periodontitis with T2DM (OR = 5.14, 95% CI = 1.29-20.5, p = 0.03) in comparison with healthy controls. Moreover, there was a significant increase of the variant AA genotype of rs1799946 in periodontitis (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.19-12.68, p = 0.04) compared to healthy controls. DEFB1 gene expression was downregulated in periodontitis and upregulated in periodontitis with T2DM patients when compared to healthy controls but was not statistically significant. No significant association was found for the effect of SNPs of the DEFB1 gene on its expression. Conclusion From the SNP analysis, it can be inferred that the presence of SNPs at the 5' UTR (rs11362 and rs1799946) in the DEFB1 gene may be an important predictive factor for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Venkata Subbiah
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Polani Ramesh Babu
- Center for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Usha Subbiah
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Saleem F, Alnazzawi A, Lone MA, Bukhari SJA, Khurshid Z. Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2210. [PMID: 34943445 PMCID: PMC8700015 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to critically assess and review the latest evidence relating the associations between host defence peptides (HDPs), periodontal diseases (PD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). To explore studies on HDPs, periodontal disease, and DM2, researchers utilised specific key phrases to search the electronic databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Embase (Ovid), Medline (EBSCO), and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (EBSCO). Quality assessment was conducted by means of the Newcastle Ottawa scale and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Following a thorough screening process, a total of 12 papers (4 case-control, 6 cross-sectional, 1 animal, and 1 in vitro) fulfilled the selection criteria and were included. The majority of research found that HDPs were upregulated in DM2 patients with PD. Three investigations, however, found that HDPs were downregulated in DM2 patients with PD. HDPs play a part in the pathophysiology of PD and DM2. Nonetheless, more human, animal and laboratory investigations are needed to fully understand validation of the link, as the evidence is limited. Understanding HDPs as common moderators is critical, aimed at unlocking their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
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Ślebioda Z, Woźniak T, Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Woźniewicz M, Kowalska A. Beta-defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in the pathologies of the oral cavity-Data from meta-analysis: Association only with rs1047031 not with rs1800972, rs1799946, and rs11362. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:22-31. [PMID: 33231892 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this meta-analysis was to reveal a potential association of the four functional polymorphisms in human Beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene: rs1047031(c*5G > A) at 3'UTR and rs11362 (-20 G > A), rs1800972(-44 C > G), and rs1799946 (-52 G > A) at 5'UTR with the risk of common oral cavity pathologies that included periodontitis, caries, lichen planus, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS The relevant studies were obtained by the two researchers from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 29, 2020. The manual search of the reference lists was also performed. Studies on DEFB1 gene polymorphisms and oral cavity disorders, using the case-control genetic association analysis approach, and published as full texts in English were included. To assess the association strength, odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. RESULTS Thirteen publications met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in this meta-analysis. Statistically significant values of the association tests were found only for the rs1047031 polymorphism. Allele distribution in the rs1047031 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to oral cavity pathologies (adjusted P value = 0.003). The rare variant allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for oral disasters under recessive (CC vs CT + TT), and CC vs CT models. No significant correlations between rs11362, rs1800972, and rs1799946 and the risk of oral pathologies were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Significant association between rs1047031 polymorphism and risk of oral pathologies has been found, and therefore, we suggest to include this polymorphism in future research concerning the genetic background of the oral cavity diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Ślebioda
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Wu G, Li R, Tong C, He M, Qi Z, Chen H, Deng T, Liu H, Qi H. Non-invasive prenatal testing reveals copy number variations related to pregnancy complications. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:38. [PMID: 31485271 PMCID: PMC6716937 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy complications could lead to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosing and managing complications have been associated with good outcomes. The placenta was an important organ for development of pregnancy complications. Thus, non-invasive prenatal testing technologies could detect genetic variations, such as aneuploidies and sub-chromosomal copy number variations, reflecting defective placenta by maternal plasma cffDNAs. Maternal cffDNAs had been proved to derive from trophoblast cells of placenta. Results In order to find out the relationship between genetic variations and pregnancy complications, we reviewed NIPT results for subchromosomal copy number variations in a cohort of 3890 pregnancies without complications and 441 pregnancies with pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and placenta implantation abnormalities (PIA). For GDMs, we identified three CNV regions containing some members of alpha- and beta-defensins, such as DEFA1, DEFA3, DEFB1. For PIHs, we found three duplication and one deletion region including Pcdhα, Pcdhβ, and Pcdhγ, known as protocadherins, which were complicated by hypertensive disorders. For PPROMs and PIAs, we identified one and two CNV regions, respectively. SFTPA2, SFTPD and SFTPA1, belonging to surfactant protein, was considered to moderated the inflammatory activation within the fetal extra-embryonic compartment, associated to duration of preterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes, while MEF2C and TM6SF1 could be involved in trophoblast invasion and differentiation. Conclusions Our findings gave a clue to correlation between genetic variations of maternal cell-free DNAs and pregnancy complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13039-019-0451-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Wu
- 1Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,3International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- 1Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,3International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tong
- 1Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,3International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaonan He
- Beijing CapitalBio Medical Laboratory, Beijing, 101111 China
| | - Zhiwei Qi
- Beijing CapitalBio Medical Laboratory, Beijing, 101111 China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Beijing CapitalBio Medical Laboratory, Beijing, 101111 China
| | - Tao Deng
- Beijing CapitalBio Medical Laboratory, Beijing, 101111 China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- CapitalBio Technology Inc., Beijing, 101111 China.,6Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- 1Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.,3International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China
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