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Douladiris N, Vakirlis E, Vassilopoulou E. Atopic Dermatitis and Water: Is There an Optimum Water Intake Level for Improving Atopic Skin? Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10020273. [PMID: 36832402 PMCID: PMC9954916 DOI: 10.3390/children10020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Water is a vital nutrient with innumerable functions for every living cell. The functions of human skin include protection against dehydration of the body. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease that presents with dry skin, erythematous and eczematous lesions, and lichenification. This paper discusses the question of whether extra water intake in children with AD affects skin hydration and the skin barrier function. Among the methods used to treat dry skin, topical leave-on products are the first-line treatment, intended to improve hydration and the skin barrier function. The effectiveness of adequate water intake as a measure to treat dry skin is still under debate. Normal skin hydration increases with dietary water intake, particularly in those with prior lower water consumption. Skin dryness in AD is instrumental to the itch and inflammation cycle, contributing to barrier impairment and aggravating disease severity and flares. Certain emollients provide significant hydration to AD skin, with relief of dryness and reduction in barrier impairment, disease severity, and flares. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the optimum water intake levels in children with AD, as important questions remain unanswered, namely, does oral hydration provide relief of skin dryness and reduce barrier impairment, disease severity, and flares; is there any additional benefit from using mineral or thermal spring water; or is there a need to specifically study the fluid/water intake in children with AD and food allergy (FA) restrictions?
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Hahm KM, Park SH, Oh SW, Kim JH, Yeom HS, Lee HJ, Yang S, Cho JY, Park JO, Lee J. Aspergillus oryzae-Fermented Wheat Peptone Enhances the Potential of Proliferation and Hydration of Human Keratinocytes through Activation of p44/42 MAPK. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196074. [PMID: 34641617 PMCID: PMC8512833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying materials contributing to skin hydration, essential for normal skin homeostasis, has recently gained increased research interest. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits and mechanisms of action of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented wheat peptone (AFWP) on the proliferation and hydration of human skin keratinocytes, through in vitro experiments using HaCaT cell lines. The findings revealed that compared to unfermented wheat peptone, AFWP exhibited an improved amino acid composition, significantly (p < 0.05) higher DPPH scavenging capability and cell proliferation activity, and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, we separated AFWP into eleven fractions, each ≤2 kDa; of these, fraction 4 (AFW4) demonstrated the highest efficacy in the cell proliferation assay and was found to be the key component responsible for the cell proliferation potential and antioxidant properties of AFWP. Additionally, AFW4 increased the expression of genes encoding natural moisturizing factors, including filaggrin, transglutaminase-1, and hyaluronic acid synthase 1–3. Furthermore, AFW4 activated p44/42 MAPK, but not JNK and p38 MAPK, whereas PD98059, a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor, attenuated the beneficial effects of AFW4 on the skin, suggesting that the effects of AFW4 are mediated via p44/42 MAPK activation. Finally, in clinical studies, AFW4 treatment resulted in increased skin hydration and reduced trans-epidermal water loss compared with a placebo group. Collectively, these data provide evidence that AFW4 could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to improve skin barrier damage induced by external stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Man Hahm
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (K.M.H.); (S.W.O.); (S.Y.)
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.S.Y.); (H.J.L.)
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Korea;
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (K.M.H.); (S.W.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.S.Y.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hyun Sook Yeom
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.S.Y.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hye Ja Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.S.Y.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Seoyeon Yang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (K.M.H.); (S.W.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (J.O.P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Jin Oh Park
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.S.Y.); (H.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (J.O.P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea; (K.M.H.); (S.W.O.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.C.); (J.O.P.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7861 (J.L.)
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Uchino M, Kawashima M, Yamanishi R, Inoue S, Kawashima S, Tagami K, Yoshida M, Sugita T, Uchino Y, Tsubota K. The effects of a steam warming eye mask on the ocular surface and mental health. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:129-33. [PMID: 34052414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The continuous use of warming eye masks improves tear function. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, we aimed to analyze the effects of warming eye mask use on the ocular surface and mental health. METHODS We enrolled 86 participants (age range: 23-89 years) from affiliated institutions who were divided into two groups: the warm group that used warming eye masks that generate moist heat at 40 °C for 10 min and the control group that used non-warming eye masks. The participants used the masks for 10 min once daily for 2 weeks. Before and after the intervention, in 79 participants (warm group 39, control group 40), we analyzed the tear break up time (TBUT) and corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining results in the right eye and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (Anxiety: HADS-A, Depression: HADS-D), and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) questionnaires. The parameters before and after the intervention were compared via paired-t tests. RESULTS The following variables changed after the intervention: TBUT (warm group: 1.4 ± 2.1 s vs. control group: -0.01 ± 2.38 s), fluorescein staining score (-0.7 ± 1.1 vs.-0.2 ± 1.1), HADS-A (-0.8 ± 3.1 vs. -0.2 ± 2.2), and HADS-D (-1.0 ± 2.4 vs. -0.4 ± 1.9). Significant changes were observed in the TBUT (warm group), fluorescein staining score (warm group), and HADS-D (warm group). CONCLUSIONS Using a warming eye mask improves not only the ocular surface conditions but also the subjective depression scores.
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Borzdynski C, Miller C, Vicendese D, McGuiness W. Brief intermittent pressure off-loading on skin microclimate in healthy adults - A descriptive-correlational pilot study. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:379-394. [PMID: 33893013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined microclimate changes to the skin as a result of pressure over a 1 h period. The results were compared to skin parameter results following brief consecutive off-loading of pressure-prone areas. DESIGN A descriptive-correlational pilot study was undertaken. METHOD A convenience sample of 41 healthy adults aged 18-60 years was recruited. Participants engaged in four 1 h data collection sessions. The sessions were conducted in both semi-recumbent and supine positions. Measures of erythema, melanin, stratum corneum hydration, and skin temperature were taken at pressure-prone areas at baseline and after 1 h in an uninterrupted method (continuous pressure-loading) and every 10 min in an interrupted method (brief off-loading). The Corneometer and Mexameter (Courage + Khazaka Electronics GMbH, 2013) and Exergen DermaTemp DT-1001 RS Infrared Thermographic Scanner (Exergen Corporation, 2008) provided a digital appraisal of skin parameters. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to indicate test-retest reliability and absolute agreement of results between the two methods. RESULTS Strong agreement between the interrupted and uninterrupted method was observed with ICCs ranging from 0.72 to 0.99 (supine) and 0.62-0.99 (semi-recumbent). Endpoint measures tended to be higher compared to baseline measures for all skin parameters. Differences in skin parameters results by anatomical location were evident particularly for erythema and stratum corneum hydration; the elbows and heels yielded lower scores compared to the sacrum. Erythema had the most variation across methods. The supine and semi-recumbent positions had negligible effect on measured skin parameters. CONCLUSIONS Minimal variation between skin parameter results indicates that brief off-loading in the interrupted method did not significantly change the outcomes; minor shifts in positioning do not alter changes to the skin from pressure. Skin parameters varied by anatomical location and changed over a 1 h period of pressure-loading. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Biophysical techniques may be able to assist accurate assessment of skin microclimate and skin colour. As brief off-loading (interruptions) to enable skin parameter measurement does not alter skin readings, researchers can proceed with some confidence regarding the use of this protocol in future studies assessing skin parameters. This study data provides a library of cutaneous changes at pressure-prone areas of healthy adults and is expected to inform innovative approaches to pressure injury risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Borzdynski
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Charne Miller
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Don Vicendese
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William McGuiness
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mayrovitz HN. Effects of local forearm skin heating on skin properties. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 40:369-376. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey N. Mayrovitz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale FL USA
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Ogawa‐Fuse C, Morisaki N, Shima K, Hotta M, Sugata K, Ichihashi T, Oguri M, Yoshida O, Fujimura T. Impact of water exposure on skin barrier permeability and ultrastructure. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:228-233. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoko Morisaki
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation Tochigi Japan
| | - Kyoko Shima
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation Tochigi Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Sugata
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation Tochigi Japan
| | | | - Masashi Oguri
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation Tokyo Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation Tokyo Japan
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Kottner J, Black J, Call E, Gefen A, Santamaria N. Microclimate: A critical review in the context of pressure ulcer prevention. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 59:62-70. [PMID: 30199821 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers are caused by sustained mechanical loading and deformation of the skin and subcutaneous layers between internal stiff anatomical structures and external surfaces or devices. In addition, the skin microclimate (temperature, humidity and airflow next to the skin surface) is an indirect pressure ulcer risk factor. Temperature and humidity affect the structure and function of the skin increasing or lowering possible damage thresholds for the skin and underlying soft tissues. From a pressure ulcer prevention research perspective, the effects of humidity and temperature next to the skin surface are inextricably linked to concurrent soft tissue deformation. Direct clinical evidence supporting the association between microclimate and pressure ulceration is sparse and of high risk of bias. Currently, it is recommended to keep the skin dry and cool and/or to allow recovery periods between phases of occlusion. The stratum corneum must be prevented from becoming overhydrated or from drying out but exact ranges of an acceptable microclimate are unknown. Therefore, vague terms like 'microclimate management' should be avoided but product and microclimate characteristics should be explicitly stated to allow an informed decision making. Pressure ulcer prevention interventions like repositioning, the use of special support surfaces, cushions, and prophylactic dressings are effective only if they reduce sustained deformations in soft tissues. This mode of action outweighs possible undesirable microclimate properties. As long as uncertainty exists efforts must be taken to use as less occlusive materials as possible. There seems to be individual intrinsic characteristics making patients more vulnerable to microclimate effects.
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Akdeniz M, Tomova‐Simitchieva T, Dobos G, Blume‐Peytavi U, Kottner J. Does dietary fluid intake affect skin hydration in healthy humans? A systematic literature review. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:459-465. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Akdeniz
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin ScienceCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - T. Tomova‐Simitchieva
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin ScienceCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - G. Dobos
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin ScienceCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - U. Blume‐Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin ScienceCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - J. Kottner
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin ScienceCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Riveros-Perez E, Riveros R. Water in the human body: An anesthesiologist's perspective on the connection between physicochemical properties of water and physiologic relevance. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 26:1-8. [PMID: 29904607 PMCID: PMC5904784 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique structure and multifaceted physicochemical properties of the water molecule, in addition to its universal presence in body compartments, make water a key player in multiple biological processes in human physiology. Since anesthesiologists deal with physiologic processes where water molecules are critical at different levels, and administer medications whose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics depend on interaction with water molecules, we consider that exploration of basic science aspects related to water and its role in physiology and pharmacology is relevant to the practice of anesthesiology. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the physicochemical basis of water that are critical in enabling it to support various homeostatic processes. The role of water in the formation of solutions, modulation of surface tension and in homeostasis of body temperature, acid-base status and osmolarity, is analyzed. Relevance of molecular water interactions to the anesthesiologist is not limited to the realm of physiology and pathophysiology. Deep knowledge of the importance of water in volatile anesthetic effects on neurons opens a window to a new comprehensive understanding of complex cellular mechanisms underlying the practice of anesthesiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Riveros-Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Augusta University, USA
| | - Ricardo Riveros
- Pediatric Anesthesiologist Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, FL, USA
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Klaassen M, Schipper D, Masen M. Influence of the relative humidity and the temperature on the in-vivo friction behaviour of human skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nayak A, Babla H, Han T, Das DB. Lidocaine carboxymethylcellulose with gelatine co-polymer hydrogel delivery by combined microneedle and ultrasound. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:658-69. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.935985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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