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Hassan SN, Mohamad S, Kannan TP, Hassan R, Wei S, Wan Ab Rahman WS. Prevalence of GP. Mur variant phenotype among Malaysian blood donors. Asian J Transfus Sci 2023; 17:169-174. [PMID: 38274953 PMCID: PMC10807541 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_125_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A number of glycophorin variant phenotypes or hybrid glycophorin variants of the MNS blood group system bear multiple immunogenic antigens such as Mia, Mur, and MUT. In the East and Southeast Asian populations, glycoprotein (GP.) Mur is the most common glycophorin variant phenotype expressing those three immunogens. The aim of this study was to detect MNS system glycophorin variant phenotypes (GP. Mur, GP. Hop, GP. Bun, GP. HF, and GP. Hut) among Malaysian blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 144 blood donors were selected under stratified random sampling. The deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from whole blood samples, followed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the specific MNS variants and then validated by a serological crossmatch with known anti-Mur and anti-MUT. RESULTS GP. Mur was identified among Malaysian blood donors with a prevalence of 6.94%, and no other variants of the MNS system were found. CONCLUSION The present study substantiates that GP. Mur is the main variant of the MNS system glycophorin (B-A-B) hybrid in Malaysian blood donors. GP. Mur-negative red blood cells must therefore be considered in the current transfusion policy in order to prevent alloimmunization and immune-mediated transfusion reactions, particularly in transfusion-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - ShuangShi Wei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Liang Y, Ren J, Zhong F, Hong W, Su Y, Wu F, Liang S, Liu J, Fang S, Liang Y, Fan X, Lin J, Liu Y, Feng B, Xu Y. Characterization of alternatively spliced transcript variants of glycophorin A and glycophorin B genes in Chinese blood donors. Vox Sang 2022; 117:715-723. [PMID: 35138639 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The molecular basis of MNS blood group variants is not fully clear yet. In this study, we have characterized mRNA variants of GYPA and GYPB genes to reveal whether alternative RNA splicing may cause antigenic diversity of the MNS system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood of Chinese blood donors and full-length cDNA products were generated. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was established for fragment amplification and Sanger sequencing. Resulted full-length mRNA sequences were aligned with GYPA or GYPB genomic sequences respectively for exon identification. Amino acid (AA) sequences of GPA and GPB proteins were extrapolated and GYPA-EGFP, GYPB-EGFP fusion genes were generated to monitor subcellular distribution of the encoded glycophorin (GP) proteins. RESULTS Totally 10 blood samples were analysed. GYPB mRNAs of all the subjects demonstrated frequent exon insertion or deletion whereas this kind of variation was only observed in 3 of 10 GYPA mRNA samples. None of the reported Miltenberger hybrids was detected in any of the mRNA samples. The alternative splicing resulted in changes of AA sequences in N-terminal domains where the MNS antigenic motifs resided; however, subcellular localizations of GP-EGFP fusion proteins showed that the above-mentioned AA changes did not affect cell surface distribution of the encoded GP proteins. CONCLUSIONS Alternative RNA splicing may influence the antigenic features of GP proteins but not their cell surface distribution. Therefore, GYPA and GYPB mRNA characterization might be an invaluable supplement to serological phenotyping and DNA-based genotyping in MNS blood grouping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Liang
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,R&D Division, Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhong
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Hong
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Su
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- R&D Division, Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghua Fang
- R&D Division, Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Liang
- R&D Division, Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuchu Fan
- R&D Division, Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansuo Lin
- R&D Division, Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Marine Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Xu
- Shenzhen Blood Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Chen YC, Hsu KN, Lai JCY, Chen LY, Kuo MS, Liao CC, Hsu K. Influence of hemoglobin on blood pressure among people with GP.Mur blood type ☆. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1721-1727. [PMID: 35000824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE GP.Mur is a clinically important red blood cell (RBC) type. GP.Mur and band 3 interact on the RBCs. We previously observed that healthy adults with GP.Mur type present slightly higher blood pressure (BP). Because band 3 and Hb comodulate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation and hemoglobin (Hb) is positively associated with BP, we aimed to test whether these could contribute to higher BP in GP.Mur+ people. METHODS We recruited 989 non-elderly adults (21% GP.Mur) free of catastrophic illness and not on cardiovascular or anti-hypertensive medication. Their body indices, blood lab data and lifestyle data were collected for analyses of potential BP-related factors (BMI, age, smoking, Hb, and GP.Mur). RESULTS BMI and age remained the most significant contributors to BP. GP.Mur slightly increased systolic BP (SBP). The direct correlation between Hb and BP was only found in Taiwanese non-anemic men, not women. After age and BMI adjusted, we estimated an increase of 1.8 mmHg and 2.6 mmHg of SBP by 1 g/dL Hb among men without and with GP.Mur type, respectively. Hb was generally lower among people expressing GP.Mur, which likely limited their larger impact on BP. CONCLUSION GP.Mur contributed to BP in both Hb-dependent and Hb-independent fashion. A pronounced impact of hemoglobin on BP likely requires sufficient Hb, as GP.Mur increased the sensitivity of SBP to Hb only in non-anemic Taiwanese men, and not in Taiwanese women or anemic men. The mechanism through which GP.Mur affected BP independent of Hb is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Nan Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Jerry Cheng-Yen Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shin Kuo
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Hsu K. Exploring the Potential Roles of Band 3 and Aquaporin-1 in Blood CO 2 Transport-Inspired by Comparative Studies of Glycophorin B-A-B Hybrid Protein GP.Mur. Front Physiol 2018; 9:733. [PMID: 29971013 PMCID: PMC6018491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cl—/HCO3— exchanger band 3 is functionally relevant to blood CO2 transport. Band 3 is the most abundant membrane protein in human red blood cells (RBCs). Our understanding of its physiological functions mainly came from clinical cases associated with band 3 mutations. Severe reduction in band 3 expression affects blood HCO3—/CO2 metabolism. What could happen physiologically if band 3 expression is elevated instead? In some areas of Southeast Asia, about 1–10% of the populations express GP.Mur, a glycophorin B-A-B hybrid membrane protein important in the field of transfusion medicine. GP.Mur functions to promote band 3 expression, and GP.Mur red cells can be deemed as a naturally occurred model for higher band 3 expression. This review first compares the functional consequences of band 3 at different levels, and suggests a critical role of band 3 in postnatal CO2 respiration. The second part of the review explores the transport of water, which is the other substrate for intra-erythrocytic CO2/HCO3— conversion (an essential step in blood CO2 transport). Despite that water is considered unlimited physiologically, it is unclear whether water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) abundantly expressed in RBCs is functionally involved in CO2 transport. Research in this area is complicated by the fact that the H2O/CO2-transporting function of AQP1 is replaceable by other erythrocyte channels/transporters (e.g., UT-B/GLUT1 for H2O; RhAG for CO2). Recently, using carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-filled erythrocyte vesicles, AQP1 has been demonstrated to transport water for the CAII-mediated reaction, CO2(g) + H2O ⇌ HCO3—(aq) + H+(aq). AQP1 is structurally associated with some population of band 3 complexes on the erythrocyte membrane in an osmotically responsive fashion. The current findings reveal transient interaction among components within the band 3-central, CO2-transport metabolon (AQP1, band 3, CAII and deoxygenated hemoglobin). Their dynamic interaction is envisioned to facilitate blood CO2 respiration, in the presence of constantly changing osmotic and hemodynamic stresses during circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Laboratories, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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Wei L, Lopez GH, Zhang Y, Wen J, Wang Z, Fu Y, Hyland CA, Flower RL, Luo G, Ji Y. Genotyping analysis of MNS blood group GP(B‐A‐B) hybrid glycophorins in the Chinese Southern Han population using a high‐resolution melting assay. Transfusion 2018; 58:1763-1771. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Genghis H. Lopez
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood ServiceQueensland Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jizhi Wen
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Catherine A. Hyland
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood ServiceQueensland Australia
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood ServiceQueensland Australia
| | - Guangping Luo
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
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Hsu K, Kuo MS, Yao CC, Cheng HC, Lin HJ, Chan YS, Lin M. The MNS glycophorin variant GP.Mur affects differential erythroid expression of Rh/RhAG transcripts. Vox Sang 2017; 112:671-677. [PMID: 28836328 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The band 3 macrocomplex (also known as the ankyrin-associated complex) on the red cell membrane comprises two interacting subcomplexes: a band 3/glycophorin A subcomplex, and a Rh/RhAG subcomplex. Glycophorin B (GPB) is a component of the Rh/RhAG subcomplex that is also structurally associated with glycophorin A (GPA). Expression of glycophorin B-A-B hybrid GP.Mur enhances band 3 expression and is associated with lower levels of Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) and Rh polypeptides. The goal of this study was to determine whether GP.Mur influenced erythroid Rh/RhAG expression at the transcript level. MATERIALS AND METHODS GP.Mur was serologically determined in healthy participants from Taitung County, Taiwan. RNA was extracted from the reticulocyte-enriched fraction of peripheral blood, followed by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR for RhAG, RhD and RhCcEe. RESULTS Quantification by real-time PCR revealed significantly fewer RhAG and RhCcEe transcripts in the reticulocytes from subjects with homozygous GYP*Mur. Independent from GYP.Mur, both RhAG and RhD transcript levels were threefold or higher than that of RhCcEe. Also, in GYP.Mur and the control samples alike, direct quantitative associations were observed between the transcript levels of RhAG and RhD, but not between that of RhAG and RhCcEe. CONCLUSION Erythroid RhD and RhCcEe were differentially expressed at the transcript levels, which could be related to their different degrees of interaction or sensitivity to RhAG. Further, the reduction or absence of glycophorin B in GYP.Mur erythroid cells affected transcript expressions of RhAG and RhCcEe. Thus, GPB and GP.Mur differentially influenced Rh/RhAG expressions prior to protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - M-S Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Yao
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - H-C Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Blood Bank, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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Hsu K, Lee TY, Periasamy A, Kao FJ, Li LT, Lin CY, Lin HJ, Lin M. Adaptable interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 reveals a potential role of water channel in blood CO 2 transport. FASEB J 2017; 31:4256-4264. [PMID: 28596233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601282r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human CO2 respiration requires rapid conversion between CO2 and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase II facilitates this reversible reaction inside red blood cells, and band 3 [anion exchanger 1 (AE1)] provides a passage for HCO3- flux across the cell membrane. These 2 proteins are core components of the CO2 transport metabolon. Intracellular H2O is necessary for CO2/HCO3- conversion. However, abundantly expressed aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in erythrocytes is thought not to be part of band 3 complexes or the CO2 transport metabolon. To solve this conundrum, we used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM-FRET) and identified interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 at a distance of 8 nm, within the range of dipole-dipole interaction. Notably, their interaction was adaptable to membrane tonicity changes. This suggests that the function of AQP1 in tonicity response could be coupled or correlated to its function in band 3-mediated CO2/HCO3- exchange. By demonstrating AQP1 as a mobile component of the CO2 transport metabolon, our results uncover a potential role of water channel in blood CO2 transport and respiration.-Hsu, K., Lee, T.-Y., Periasamy, A., Kao, F.-J., Li, L.-T., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, H.-J., Lin, M. Adaptable interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 reveals a potential role of water channel in blood CO2 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Ying Lee
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Ammasi Periasamy
- W. M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Marie Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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