1
|
Wang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Qiu J, Gao Y, Gu T, Li Z. Responses of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa under Pb(II) stress: carotenoid production and budding. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:678-688. [PMID: 34002461 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa resists heavy metal (HM) stress because of its abundant extracellular polymeric substances and functional vesicles. In this study, we provided new insights into its survival strategies at both biochemical and genetic levels. After lead exposure, carotenoid biosynthesis was initiated within 24 h incubation and then increased to the maximum after 96 h of incubation. Raman analysis confirmed that carotenoids (primarily β-carotene) were the major identifiable chemical substances on the cell surface. Moreover, the increased carotenoid production was accompanied by a rising budding rate, ~40% higher than that in the cultures without Pb. During the 96 h of incubation, the driving force for Pb accumulation was assigned to this elevated budding rate. After 96 h, biosorption was primarily attributed to the enhanced antioxidant ability of the single cells during carotenoid production. Furthermore, the yeast budding cells demonstrated an evidently heterogeneous biosorption of Pb, i.e., the rejuvenated daughters had a relatively lower Pb level than the mother cells. This resulted in the protection of the buds from Pb stress. After investigating phosphorus uptake and the RNA sequencing data, we finally confirmed two tightly correlated pathways that resist HM stress, i.e., biochemical (carotenoid production) and reproductive (healthy buds) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|