1
|
Kim HJ, Sritandi W, Xiong Z, Ho JS. Bioelectronic devices for light-based diagnostics and therapies. Biophys Rev (Melville) 2023; 4:011304. [PMID: 38505817 PMCID: PMC10903427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Light has broad applications in medicine as a tool for diagnosis and therapy. Recent advances in optical technology and bioelectronics have opened opportunities for wearable, ingestible, and implantable devices that use light to continuously monitor health and precisely treat diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development and application of light-based bioelectronic devices. We summarize the key features of the technologies underlying these devices, including light sources, light detectors, energy storage and harvesting, and wireless power and communications. We investigate the current state of bioelectronic devices for the continuous measurement of health and on-demand delivery of therapy. Finally, we highlight major challenges and opportunities associated with light-based bioelectronic devices and discuss their promise for enabling digital forms of health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weni Sritandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John S. Ho
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Tirador P, Papadimitriou KI, Powell S, Hebden JC. Time domain optical imaging device based on a commercial time-to-digital converter. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:103704. [PMID: 34717384 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain diffuse optical imaging is a noninvasive technique that uses pulsed near-infrared light as the interrogation source to produce quantitative images displaying the variation in blood volume and oxygenation in the human brain. Measuring the times of flights of photons provides information on the photon pathlengths in tissue, which enables absolute concentrations of the oxygenated and deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin to be estimated. Recent advances in silicon electronics have enabled the development of time-domain systems, which are lightweight and low cost, potentially enabling the imaging technique to be applied to a far greater cohort of subjects in a variety of environments. While such technology usually depends on customized circuits, in this article, we present a system assembled from commercially available components, including a low-cost time-to-digital converter and a silicon photomultiplier detector. The system is able to generate histograms of photon flight times at a rate of 81-90 kS/s and with a sampled bin width of 54 ps. The linearity and performance of the system are presented, and its potential as the basis for a modular multi-detector imaging system is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez-Tirador
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K I Papadimitriou
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Powell
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Room 705 Tower, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - J C Hebden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Raghuram A, Kim HK, Hielscher AH, Robinson JT, Veeraraghavan A. High Resolution, Deep Imaging Using Confocal Time-of-Flight Diffuse Optical Tomography. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 2021; 43:2206-2219. [PMID: 33891548 PMCID: PMC8270678 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2021.3075366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering by tissue severely limits how deep beneath the surface one can image, and the spatial resolution one can obtain from these images. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is one of the most powerful techniques for imaging deep within tissue - well beyond the conventional ∼ 10-15 mean scattering lengths tolerated by ballistic imaging techniques such as confocal and two-photon microscopy. Unfortunately, existing DOT systems are limited, achieving only centimeter-scale resolution. Furthermore, they suffer from slow acquisition times and slow reconstruction speeds making real-time imaging infeasible. We show that time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography (ToF-DOT) and its confocal variant (CToF-DOT), by exploiting the photon travel time information, allow us to achieve millimeter spatial resolution in the highly scattered diffusion regime ( mean free paths). In addition, we demonstrate two additional innovations: focusing on confocal measurements, and multiplexing the illumination sources allow us to significantly reduce the measurement acquisition time. Finally, we rely on a novel convolutional approximation that allows us to develop a fast reconstruction algorithm, achieving a 100× speedup in reconstruction time compared to traditional DOT reconstruction techniques. Together, we believe that these technical advances serve as the first step towards real-time, millimeter resolution, deep tissue imaging using DOT.
Collapse
|
4
|
Milej D, Abdalmalak A, Rajaram A, Jhajj A, Owen AM, St. Lawrence K. Incorporating early and late-arriving photons to improve the reconstruction of cerebral hemodynamic responses acquired by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2021; 26:056003. [PMCID: PMC8130006 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.5.056003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Despite its advantages in terms of safety, low cost, and portability, functional near-infrared spectroscopy applications can be challenging due to substantial signal contamination from hemodynamics in the extracerebral layer (ECL). Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (tr NIRS) can improve sensitivity to brain activity but contamination from the ECL remains an issue. This study demonstrates how brain signal isolation can be further improved by applying regression analysis to tr data acquired at a single source–detector distance. Aim: To investigate if regression analysis can be applied to single-channel trNIRS data to further isolate the brain and reduce signal contamination from the ECL. Approach: Appropriate regressors for trNIRS were selected based on simulations, and performance was evaluated by applying the regression technique to oxygenation responses recording during hypercapnia and functional activation. Results: Compared to current methods of enhancing depth sensitivity for trNIRS (i.e., higher statistical moments and late gates), incorporating regression analysis using a signal sensitive to the ECL significantly improved the extraction of cerebral oxygenation signals. In addition, this study demonstrated that regression could be applied to trNIRS data from a single detector using the early arriving photons to capture hemodynamic changes in the ECL. Conclusion: Applying regression analysis to trNIRS metrics with different depth sensitivities improves the characterization of cerebral oxygenation signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Milej
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Androu Abdalmalak
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajay Rajaram
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amandeep Jhajj
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian M. Owen
- Western University, Brain and Mind Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim Y, Marone A, Tang W, Gartshteyn Y, Kim HK, Askanase AD, Kymissis I, Hielscher AH. Flexible optical imaging band system for the assessment of arthritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:1651-1665. [PMID: 33796379 PMCID: PMC7984785 DOI: 10.1364/boe.415575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a flexible optical imaging system (FOIS) to assess systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arthritis in the finger joints. While any part of the body can be affected, arthritis in the finger joints is one of the most common SLE manifestations. There is an unmet need for accurate, low-cost assessment of lupus arthritis that can be easily performed at every clinic visit. Current imaging methods are imprecise, expensive, and time consuming to allow for frequent monitoring. Our FOIS can be wrapped around joints, and multiple light sources and detectors gather reflected and transmitted light intensities. Using data from two SLE patients and two healthy volunteers, we demonstrate the potential of this FOIS for assessment of arthritis in SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngwan Kim
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- New York University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Alessandro Marone
- New York University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine-Rheumatology, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Gartshteyn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine-Rheumatology, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hyun K. Kim
- New York University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anca D. Askanase
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine-Rheumatology, 650 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ioannis Kymissis
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andreas H. Hielscher
- New York University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huo W, Ling W, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Ren M, Li X, Li J, Xia Z, Liu X, Huang X. Miniaturized DNA Sequencers for Personal Use: Unreachable Dreams or Achievable Goals. Front Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.628861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of next generation sequencing technology that features short read length with high measurement throughput and low cost has revolutionized the field of life science, medicine, and even computer science. The subsequent development of the third-generation sequencing technologies represented by nanopore and zero-mode waveguide techniques offers even higher speed and long read length with promising applications in portable and rapid genomic tests in field. Especially under the current circumstances, issues such as public health emergencies and global pandemics impose soaring demand on quick identification of origins and species of analytes through DNA sequences. In addition, future development of disease diagnosis, treatment, and tracking techniques may also require frequent DNA testing. As a result, DNA sequencers with miniaturized size and highly integrated components for personal and portable use to tackle increasing needs for disease prevention, personal medicine, and biohazard protection may become future trends. Just like many other biological and medical analytical systems that were originally bulky in sizes, collaborative work from various subjects in engineering and science eventually leads to the miniaturization of these systems. DNA sequencers that involve nanoprobes, detectors, microfluidics, microelectronics, and circuits as well as complex functional materials and structures are extremely complicated but may be miniaturized with technical advancement. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technology in developing essential components in DNA sequencers and analyzes the feasibility to achieve miniaturized DNA sequencers for personal use. Future perspectives on the opportunities and associated challenges for compact DNA sequencers are also identified.
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Sieno L, Ferocino E, Conca E, Sesta V, Buttafava M, Villa F, Zappa F, Contini D, Torricelli A, Taroni P, Tosi A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A. Time-domain diffuse optics with 8.6 mm 2 fast-gated SiPM for extreme light harvesting. Opt Lett 2021; 46:424-427. [PMID: 33449045 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast time-gated single-photon detectors demonstrated high depth sensitivity in the detection of localized absorption perturbations inside scattering media, but their use for in vivo clinical applications-such as functional imaging of brain activation-was impaired by their small (<0.04mm2) active area. Here, we demonstrate, both on phantoms and in vivo, the performance of a fast-gated digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) that features an overall active area of 8.6mm2, overcoming the photon collection capability of established time-gated single-pixel detectors by orders of magnitude, enabling deep investigations within scattering media and high signal-to-noise ratios at late photon arrival times.
Collapse
|
8
|
Di Sieno L, Behera A, Rohilla S, Ferocino E, Contini D, Torricelli A, Krämer B, Koberling F, Pifferi A, Mora AD. Probe-hosted large area silicon photomultiplier and high-throughput timing electronics for enhanced performance time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:6389-6412. [PMID: 33282497 PMCID: PMC7687960 DOI: 10.1364/boe.400868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two main bottlenecks prevent time-domain diffuse optics instruments to reach their maximum performances, namely the limited light harvesting capability of the detection chain and the bounded data throughput of the timing electronics. In this work, for the first time to our knowledge, we overcome both those limitations using a probe-hosted large area silicon photomultiplier detector coupled to high-throughput timing electronics. The system performances were assessed based on international protocols for diffuse optical imagers showing better figures with respect to a state-of-the-art device. As a first step towards applications, proof-of-principle in-vivo brain activation measurements demonstrated superior signal-to-noise ratio as compared to current technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Behera
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S. Rohilla
- PicoQuant Innovation GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Ferocino
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B. Krämer
- PicoQuant GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Koberling
- PicoQuant GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karthikeyan P, Moradi S, Ferdinando H, Zhao Z, Myllylä T. Optics Based Label-Free Techniques and Applications in Brain Monitoring. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:2196. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been utilized already around three decades for monitoring the brain, in particular, oxygenation changes in the cerebral cortex. In addition, other optical techniques are currently developed for in vivo imaging and in the near future can be potentially used more in human brain research. This paper reviews the most common label-free optical technologies exploited in brain monitoring and their current and potential clinical applications. Label-free tissue monitoring techniques do not require the addition of dyes or molecular contrast agents. The following optical techniques are considered: fNIRS, diffuse correlations spectroscopy (DCS), photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Furthermore, wearable optical brain monitoring with the most common applications is discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mosca S, Lanka P, Stone N, Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Matousek P, Valentini G, Pifferi A. Optical characterization of porcine tissues from various organs in the 650-1100 nm range using time-domain diffuse spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:1697-1706. [PMID: 32206436 PMCID: PMC7075607 DOI: 10.1364/boe.386349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic characterization of the optical properties (µa and µs') of nine representative ex vivo porcine tissues over a broadband spectrum (650-1100 nm). We applied time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy measurements for recovering the optical properties of porcine tissues depicting a realistic representation of the tissue heterogeneity and morphology likely to be found in different ex vivo tissues. The results demonstrate a large spectral and inter-tissue variation of optical properties. The data can be exploited for planning or simulating ex vivo experiments with various biophotonics techniques, or even to construct artificial structures mimicking specific pathologies exploiting the wide assortment in optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Pranav Lanka
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Nick Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Valentini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dalla Mora A, Di Sieno L, Re R, Pifferi A, Contini D. Time-Gated Single-Photon Detection in Time-Domain Diffuse Optics: A Review. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:1101. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews physical concepts, technologies and applications of time-domain diffuse optics based on time-gated single-photon detection. This particular photon detection strategy is of the utmost importance in the diffuse optics field as it unleashes the full power of the time-domain approach by maximizing performances in terms of contrast produced by a localized perturbation inside the scattering medium, signal-to-noise ratio, measurement time and dynamic range, penetration depth and spatial resolution. The review covers 15 years of theoretical studies, technological progresses, proof of concepts and design of laboratory systems based on time-gated single-photon detection with also few hints on other fields where the time-gated detection strategy produced and will produce further impact.
Collapse
|
12
|
Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Lanka P, Farina A, Dalla Mora A, Andersson-engels S, Taroni P, Pifferi A. Broadband Time Domain Diffuse Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Review of Systems, Methods, and Applications. Applied Sciences 2019; 9:5465. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent developments and a wide overview of broadband time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS). Various topics including physics of photon migration, advanced instrumentation, methods of analysis, applications covering multiple domains (tissue chromophore, in vivo studies, food, wood, pharmaceutical industry) are elaborated. The key role of standardization and recent studies in that direction are discussed. Towards the end, a brief outlook is presented on the current status and future trends in broadband TD-DOS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Di Sieno L, Contini D, Lo Presti G, Cortese L, Mateo T, Rosinski B, Venturini E, Panizza P, Mora M, Aranda G, Squarcia M, Farina A, Durduran T, Taroni P, Pifferi A, Mora AD. Systematic study of the effect of ultrasound gel on the performances of time-domain diffuse optics and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:3899-3915. [PMID: 31452983 PMCID: PMC6701515 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multimodal imaging has gained an increasing interest in medical applications thanks to the inherent combination of strengths of the different techniques. For example, diffuse optics is used to probe both the composition and the microstructure of highly diffusive media down to a depth of few centimeters, but its spatial resolution is intrinsically low. On the other hand, ultrasound imaging exhibits the higher spatial resolution of morphological imaging, but without providing solid constitutional information. Thus, the combination of diffuse optical imaging and ultrasound may improve the effectiveness of medical examinations, e.g. for screening or diagnosis of tumors. However, the presence of an ultrasound coupling gel between probe and tissue can impair diffuse optical measurements like diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy, since it may provide a direct path for photons between source and detector. A systematic study on the effect of different ultrasound coupling fluids was performed on tissue-mimicking phantoms, confirming that a water-clear gel can produce detrimental effects on optical measurements when recovering absorption/reduced scattering coefficients from time-domain spectroscopy acquisitions as well as particle Brownian diffusion coefficient from diffuse correlation spectroscopy ones. On the other hand, we show the suitability for optical measurements of other types of diffusive fluids, also compatible with ultrasound imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Presti
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cortese
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Venturini
- Scientific Institute (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele - Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Panizza
- Scientific Institute (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele - Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Mireia Mora
- IDIBAPS, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Aranda
- IDIBAPS, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattia Squarcia
- IDIBAPS, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Farina
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Taroni
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wheelock MD, Culver JP, Eggebrecht AT. High-density diffuse optical tomography for imaging human brain function. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:051101. [PMID: 31153254 PMCID: PMC6533110 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the unique opportunities and challenges for noninvasive optical mapping of human brain function. Diffuse optical methods offer safe, portable, and radiation free alternatives to traditional technologies like positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Recent developments in high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) have demonstrated capabilities for mapping human cortical brain function over an extended field of view with image quality approaching that of fMRI. In this review, we cover fundamental principles of the diffusion of near infrared light in biological tissue. We discuss the challenges involved in the HD-DOT system design and implementation that must be overcome to acquire the signal-to-noise necessary to measure and locate brain function at the depth of the cortex. We discuss strategies for validation of the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of HD-DOT acquired maps of cortical brain function. We then provide a brief overview of some clinical applications of HD-DOT. Though diffuse optical measurements of neurophysiology have existed for several decades, tremendous opportunity remains to advance optical imaging of brain function to address a crucial niche in basic and clinical neuroscience: that of bedside and minimally constrained high fidelity imaging of brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriah D. Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lange F, Tachtsidis I. Clinical Brain Monitoring with Time Domain NIRS: A Review and Future Perspectives. Applied Sciences 2019; 9:1612. [DOI: 10.3390/app9081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technique that can measure brain tissue oxygenation and haemodynamics in real-time and at the patient bedside allowing medical doctors to access important physiological information. However, despite this, the use of NIRS in a clinical environment is hindered due to limitations, such as poor reproducibility, lack of depth sensitivity and poor brain-specificity. Time domain NIRS (or TD-NIRS) can resolve these issues and offer detailed information of the optical properties of the tissue, allowing better physiological information to be retrieved. This is achieved at the cost of increased instrument complexity, operation complexity and price. In this review, we focus on brain monitoring clinical applications of TD-NIRS. A total of 52 publications were identified, spanning the fields of neonatal imaging, stroke assessment, traumatic brain injury (TBI) assessment, brain death assessment, psychiatry, peroperative care, neuronal disorders assessment and communication with patient with locked-in syndrome. In all the publications, the advantages of the TD-NIRS measurement to (1) extract absolute values of haemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygen saturation, (2) assess the reduced scattering coefficient, and (3) separate between extra-cerebral and cerebral tissues, are highlighted; and emphasize the utility of TD-NIRS in a clinical context. In the last sections of this review, we explore the recent developments of TD-NIRS, in terms of instrumentation and methodologies that might impact and broaden its use in the hospital.
Collapse
|
16
|
Behera A, Di Sieno L, Pifferi A, Martelli F, Mora AD. Instrumental, optical and geometrical parameters affecting time-gated diffuse optical measurements: a systematic study. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:5524-5542. [PMID: 30460145 PMCID: PMC6238916 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In time-domain diffuse optics the sensitivity to localized absorption changes buried inside a diffusive medium depends strongly on the interplay between instrumental, optical and geometrical parameters, which can hinder the theoretical advantages of novel measurement strategies like the short source-detector distance approach. Here, we present a study based on experimental measurements and simulations to comprehensively evaluate the effect of all different parameters. Results are evaluated exploiting standardized figures of merit, like contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio, to quantify the system sensitivity to deep localized absorption perturbations. Key findings show that the most critical hardware parameter is the memory effect which ultimately limits the dynamic range. Further, a choice of the source-detector distance around 10 mm seems to be a good compromise to compensate non-idealities in practical systems still preserving the advantages of short distances. This work provides both indications for users about the best measurement conditions and strategies, and for technology developers to identify the most crucial hardware features in view of next generation diffuse optics systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Behera
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Farina A, Tagliabue S, Di Sieno L, Martinenghi E, Durduran T, Arridge S, Martelli F, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A. Time-Domain Functional Diffuse Optical Tomography System Based on Fiber-Free Silicon Photomultipliers. Applied Sciences 2017; 7:1235. [DOI: 10.3390/app7121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|