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Cao J, Lv G, Wei F. Engineering exosomes to reshape the immune microenvironment in breast cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1645. [PMID: 38572668 PMCID: PMC10993163 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Immunomodulation and immunotherapy have emerged as promising strategies for breast cancer treatment. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes modified with surface decoration and internal therapeutic molecules. Through suitable modifications, engineered exosomes exhibit the capability to overcome the limitations associated with traditional therapeutic approaches. This ability opens up novel avenues for the development of more effective, personalized, and minimally invasive interventions. MAIN BODY In this comprehensive review, we explore the molecular insights and therapeutic potential of engineered exosomes in breast cancer. We discuss the strategies employed for exosome engineering and delve into their molecular mechanisms in reshaping the immune microenvironment of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS By elucidating the contribution of engineered exosomes to breast cancer immunomodulation, this review underscores the transformative potential of this emerging field for improving breast cancer therapy. HIGHLIGHTS Surface modification of exosomes can improve the targeting specificity. The engineered exosome-loaded immunomodulatory cargo regulates the tumour immune microenvironment. Engineered exosomes are involved in the immune regulation of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Cao
- Party Affairs and Administration Officethe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryChaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityChaohuP. R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of General Surgerythe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP. R. China
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Kuang G, Zhang Q, Li W, Zhao Y. Biomimetic Tertiary Lymphoid Structures with Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds for Cancer Postoperative Therapy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9176-9186. [PMID: 38497601 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy plays a vital role in cancer postoperative treatment. Strategies to increase the variety of immune cells and their sustainable supply are essential to improve the therapeutic effect of immune cell-based immunotherapy. Here, inspired by tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), we present a microfluidic-assisted microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffold for the persistent recruitment of diverse immune cells for cancer postoperative therapy. Based on the thermochemical responsivity of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), the MAP scaffold was fabricated by physical cross-linking and sequential photo-cross-linking of GelMA droplets, which were prepared by microfluidic electrospraying. Due to the encapsulation of liquid nitrogen-inactivated tumor cells and immunostimulant, the generated MAP scaffold could recruit a large number of immune cells, involving T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, thereby forming the biomimetic TLSs in vivo. In addition, by combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors, a synergistic anticancer immune response was provoked to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis. These properties make the proposed MAP scaffold-based artificial TLSs of great value for efficient cancer postoperative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizhen Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Qingfei Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
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Jung I, Shin S, Baek MC, Yea K. Modification of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: current advances and therapeutic applications. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:19-31. [PMID: 38172594 PMCID: PMC10834411 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment of malignant tumors by harnessing the body's immune system to selectively target cancer cells. Despite remarkable advances, there are still challenges in achieving successful clinical responses. Recent evidence suggests that immune cell-derived exosomes modulate the immune system to generate effective antitumor immune responses, making them a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. However, natural exosomes are limited in clinical application due to their low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient antitumor capacity. Technological advancements have allowed exosome modifications to magnify their intrinsic functions, load different therapeutic cargoes, and preferentially target tumor sites. These engineered exosomes exert potent antitumor effects and have great potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe ingenious modification strategies to attain the desired performance. Moreover, we systematically summarize the tumor-controlling properties of engineered immune cell-derived exosomes in innate and adaptive immunity. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive and intuitive guide for harnessing the potential of modified immune cell-derived exosome-based approaches, offering valuable strategies to enhance and optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 43024, Republic of Korea.
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Lyu F, Wu K, Wu SY, Deshpande RP, Tyagi A, Ruiz I, Yalavarthi S, Watabe K. Functional evaluation of dendritic cells and extracellular vesicles as immunotherapy for breast cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:319-327. [PMID: 38030790 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in recognizing and presenting antigens to T cells. They secrete dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (DC-sEVs), which could mimic the function of DCs. Therefore, we explore the possibility of using DC-sEVs as a potential personalized vaccine in this study. We compared the efficacy of DCs and DC-sEVs on stimulating the immune system to target breast cancer cells and found that DC-sEVs had significantly more MHC molecules on the surface when compared to the parental DCs. In our in vivo and in vitro testing, Dc-sEVs showed significant advantages over DCs, regarding efficacy, safety, storage, and potential delivery advantages. DC-sEVs were able to suppress the growth of immune-cold breast tumors, while DCs failed to do so. These results indicate the strong potential utility of DC-sEVs as a personalized immunotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lyu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, 450003, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Nanoscience, The Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Isabella Ruiz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sindhu Yalavarthi
- Department of Nanoscience, The Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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