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Grootes PM. Interpreting Continental Oxygen Isotope Records. In: Swart PK, Lohmann KC, Mckenzie J, Savin S, editors. Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records. Washington: American Geophysical Union; 1993. pp. 37-46. [DOI: 10.1029/gm078p0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Lin PN, Henderson KA, Cole-Dai J, Bolzan JF, Liu KB. Late glacial stage and holocene tropical ice core records from huascaran, peru. Science 2010; 269:46-50. [PMID: 17787701 DOI: 10.1126/science.269.5220.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two ice cores from the col of Huascarán in the north-central Andes of Peru contain a paleoclimatic history extending well into the Wisconsinan (Würm) Glacial Stage and include evidence of the Younger Dryas cool phase. Glacial stage conditions at high elevations in the tropics appear to have been as much as 8 degrees to 12 degrees C cooler than today, the atmosphere contained about 200 times as much dust, and the Amazon Basin forest cover may have been much less extensive. Differences in both the oxygen isotope ratio zeta(18)O (8 per mil) and the deuterium excess (4.5 per mil) from the Late Glacial Stage to the Holocene are comparable with polar ice core records. These data imply that the tropical Atlantic was possibly 5 degrees to 6 degrees C cooler during the Late Glacial Stage, that the climate was warmest from 8400 to 5200 years before present, and that it cooled gradually, culminating with the Little Ice Age (200 to 500 years before present). A strong warming has dominated the last two centuries.
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McConnell JR, Aristarain AJ, Banta JR, Edwards PR, Simões JC. 20th-Century doubling in dust archived in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core parallels climate change and desertification in South America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5743-8. [PMID: 17389397 PMCID: PMC1851562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607657104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustal dust in the atmosphere impacts Earth's radiative forcing directly by modifying the radiation budget and affecting cloud nucleation and optical properties, and indirectly through ocean fertilization, which alters carbon sequestration. Increased dust in the atmosphere has been linked to decreased global air temperature in past ice core studies of glacial to interglacial transitions. We present a continuous ice core record of aluminum deposition during recent centuries in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the most rapidly warming region of the Southern Hemisphere; such a record has not been reported previously. This record shows that aluminosilicate dust deposition more than doubled during the 20th century, coincident with the approximately 1 degrees C Southern Hemisphere warming: a pattern in parallel with increasing air temperatures, decreasing relative humidity, and widespread desertification in Patagonia and northern Argentina. These results have far-reaching implications for understanding the forces driving dust generation and impacts of changing dust levels on climate both in the recent past and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R McConnell
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
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Caquineau S. Mineralogy of Saharan dust transported over northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean in relation to source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rempel AW, Wettlaufer JS, Worster MG. Interfacial premelting and the thermomolecular force: thermodynamic buoyancy. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:088501. [PMID: 11497990 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.088501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a substrate can alter the equilibrium state of another material near their common boundary. Examples include wetting and interfacial premelting. In the latter case, temperature gradients induce spatial variations in the thickness of the premelted film that reflect changes in the strength of the repulsion between the substrate and the solid. We show that the net thermomolecular force on a macroscopic substrate is equivalent to a thermodynamic buoyancy force-proportional to the mass of solid that can occupy the volume enclosed by the substrate and the temperature gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Rempel
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, 98105-55640, USA
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Tegen I, Rind D. Influence of the latitudinal temperature gradient on soil dust concentration and deposition in Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mahowald N, Kohfeld K, Hansson M, Balkanski Y, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Schulz M, Rodhe H. Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andersen KK, Ditlevsen PD. Glacial/interglacial variations of meridional transport and washout of dust: A one-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Biscaye PE, Grousset FE, Revel M, Van der Gaast S, Zielinski GA, Vaars A, Kukla G. Asian provenance of glacial dust (stage 2) in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Ice cores from Antarctica provide multi proxy records of climate and environmental parameters. They have recorded glacial-interglacial temperature changes with cold stages associated with lower snow accumulation and high concentration of aerosols from marine and continental sources. The 160000- year-long Vostok isotope tem perature record exhibits signatures of the insolation orbital forcing as well as a close association between climate and greenhouse gas concentrations. These gases are likely to have played an im portant role in amplifying the am plitude of past global tem perature changes. Data from the ice show evidence of anthropogenic im pact on atm ospheric greenhouse gases (CO
2
and CH
4
) over the past 200 years. They suggest a climate sensitivity to greenhouse forcing which is consistent with General Circulation Models simulations for a future doubled atmospheric CO
2
. Further ice coring in Antarctica should help to improve our understanding of the climate system.
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Overpeck J, Rind D, Lacis A, Healy R. Possible role of dust-induced regional warming in abrupt climate change during the last glacial period. Nature 1996; 384:447-9. [DOI: 10.1038/384447a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peltier WR, Marshall S. Coupled energy-balance/ice-sheet model simulations of the glacial cycle: A possible connection between terminations and terrigenous dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crowley TJ. Utilization of Paleoclimate Results to Validate Projections of a Future Greenhouse Warming. Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations. Elsevier; 1991. pp. 35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-88351-3.50010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Petit JR, Mourner L, Jouzel J, Korotkevich YS, Kotlyakov VI, Lorius C. Palaeoclimatological and chronological implications of the Vostok core dust record. Nature 1990. [DOI: 10.1038/343056a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Bolzan JF, Dai J, Klein L, Yao T, Wu X, Xie Z, Gundestrup N. Holocene—Late Pleistocene Climatic Ice Core Records from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Science 1989; 246:474-7. [PMID: 17788697 DOI: 10.1126/science.246.4929.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Three ice cores to bedrock from the Dunde ice cap on the north-central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China provide a detailed record of Holocene and Wisconsin-Würm late glacial stage (LGS) climate changes in the subtropics. The records reveal that LGS conditions were apparently colder, wetter, and dustier than Holocene conditions. The LGS part of the cores is characterized by more negative delta(18)O ratios, increased dust content, decreased soluble aerosol concentrations, and reduced ice crystal sizes than the Holocene part. These changes occurred rapidly approximately 10,000 years ago. In addition, the last 60 years were apparently one of the warmest periods in the entire record, equalling levels of the Holocene maximum between 6000 and 8000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Bentley
- Geophysical and Polar Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Bentley
- Geophysical and Polar Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706
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Burtt, EH. An Analysis of Physical, Physiological, and Optical Aspects of Avian Coloration with Emphasis on Wood-Warblers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.2307/40166782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Submillimeter-sized metallic spheres extracted from soil in the Tunguska region of central Siberia contain noble metals in cosmic proportions. The trace element composition and geographical distribution of these spheres suggest that they are from the 30 June 1908 Tunguska explosion and not meteoritic ablation products falling continuously on the earth. Debris from this explosion was also discovered in a South Pole ice core; this discovery indicates that the Tunguska object exploded in the atmosphere with subsequent stratospheric injection and transport of the debris. The celestial body that exploded over Tunguska weighed more than 7 million tons, was more than 0.16 kilometer in diameter, and may well have been a stony meteorite. This discovery offers a new precision time marker in polar ice strata for the year 1909. The steady-state influx of cosmic matter at the South Pole is estimated to be 1.8 x 10(-8) grams per square centimeter per year, which corresponds to a global influx of 4 x l0(5) tons per year.
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