What are the odds? Prostate metastases to ureter and peritoneum

Xenografts on nude mouse diaphragm of human DU145 prostate carcinoma cells: mesothelium removal by outgrowths and angiogenesis

Human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells, androgen-independent malignant cells, implanted in the athymic nu/nu male mouse, developed numerous tumors on peritoneal and retro-peritoneal organs whose growth aspects and vascular supply have yet to be investigated with fine structure techniques. A series of necropsies from moribund implanted mice diaphragms were examined with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. DU145 xenografts installations, far away from the implanted site, were described as the smallest installation to large diaphragm outgrowths in moribund mice. Carcinomas did not show extracellular matrix and, reaching more than 0.15 mm in thickness, they revealed new structures in these outgrowths. Voids to be gland-like structures with mediocre secretion and, unexpectedly, intercellular spaces connected with fascicles of elongated DU145 cells that merged with a vascular supply originated from either the tumor cells and/or some perimysium vessels. In the largest carcinomas, most important vascular invasions coincidently accompanied the mouse lethality, similarly to human cancers. This androgen-independent model would be useful to study tumor outgrowth's changes related to testing anticancer strategy, including anti-angiogenic therapies involving toxicity, simultaneously with those of other vital organs with combined biomolecular and fine structure techniques.

Prostate Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy-based Case Series

OBJECTIVE

To aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with metastatic tumor seeding, an exceedingly phenomenon following minimally invasive urological surgery, additional case reports are needed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We report our experience with patients determined to have peritoneal carcinomatosis following robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and provide a descriptive summary of these unique cases.

RESULTS

Five cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis were identified, all of which occurred relatively late - between 8-13 years - following RARP. Four of the five cases had T3 disease at the time of prostatectomy. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET identified peritoneal carcinomatosis in three of five cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Certain clinical factors, such as advanced pathologic stage at the time of prostatectomy, may predict risk for carcinomatosis following RARP. Additionally, next generation imaging modalities, such as PSMA PET, may aid in identifying these metastases and are likely to identify increasing numbers of these patients as next generation imaging becomes more widely available. Continued documentation and classification of this atypical presentation are needed to improve our understanding and management of this phenomenon.