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Benagiano V, Rizzi A, Sannace C, Alessio G, Ribatti D, Dammacco R. Aqueous humor as eye lymph: A crossroad between venous and lymphatic system. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109904. [PMID: 38642600 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous humor (AQH) is a transparent fluid with characteristics similar to those of the interstitial fluid, which fills the eyeball posterior and anterior chambers and circulates in them from the sites of production to those of drainage. The AQH volume and pressure homeostasis is essential for the trophism of the ocular avascular tissues and their normal structure and function. Different AQH outflow pathways exist, including a main pathway, quite well defined anatomically and referred to as the conventional pathway, and some accessory pathways, more recently described and still not fully morphofunctionally understood, generically referred to as unconventional pathways. The conventional pathway is based on the existence of a series of conduits starting with the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's Canal and continuing with a system of intrascleral and episcleral venules, which are tributaries to veins of the anterior segment of the eyeball. The unconventional pathways are mainly represented by the uveoscleral pathway, in which AQH flows through clefts, interstitial conduits located in the ciliary body and sclera, and then merges into the aforementioned intrascleral and episcleral venules. A further unconventional pathway, the lymphatic pathway, has been supported by the demonstration of lymphatic microvessels in the limbal sclera and, possibly, in the uvea (ciliary body, choroid) as well as by the ocular glymphatic channels, present in the neural retina and optic nerve. It follows that AQH may be drained from the eyeball through blood vessels (TM-SC pathway, US pathway) or lymphatic vessels (lymphatic pathway), and the different pathways may integrate or compensate for each other, optimizing the AQH drainage. The present review aims to define the state-of-the-art concerning the structural organization and the functional anatomy of all the AQH outflow pathways. Particular attention is paid to examining the regulatory mechanisms active in each of them. The new data on the anatomy and physiology of AQH outflow pathways is the key to understanding the pathophysiology of AQH outflow disorders and could open the way for novel approaches to their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Benagiano
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Rizzi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Sannace
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari, Ophthalmology Day Service Triggiano-Gioia del Colle, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Alessio
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dammacco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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Weber C, Liermann Y, Holz FG, Mercieca K. [Postoperative choroidal detachment despite normal intraocular pressure? A case of Radius-Maumenee syndrome]. Ophthalmologie 2024; 121:227-231. [PMID: 38129696 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-023-01962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Weber
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - Yannick Liermann
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Frank G Holz
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Karl Mercieca
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
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3
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Elksne E, Steiner V, Hohensinn M, Reitsamer HA, Lenzhofer M. Radius-Maumenee syndrome: A case series with a long-term follow-up. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6918. [PMID: 36814708 PMCID: PMC9939581 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the case series is to highlight the surgical challenges experienced like failed intervention, choroidal effusion, a postoperative cystoid macular oedema, and describe treatment options for Radius-Maumenee syndrome. Authors reported on 3 bilateral cases of Radius-Maumenee syndrome which underwent medical treatment, trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C, implantation with XEN45, Ahmed glaucoma valve, Baerveldt glaucoma implant, and cyclophotocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Elksne
- Department of Ophthalmology, European Reference Network on Rare Eye Diseases (ERN‐EYE)Children‘s Clinical University HospitalRigaLatvia,Department of OphthalmologyRiga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Veit Steiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryParacelsus Medical University, Salzburger LandesklinikenSalzburgAustria
| | - Melchior Hohensinn
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryParacelsus Medical University, Salzburger LandesklinikenSalzburgAustria
| | - Herbert A. Reitsamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryParacelsus Medical University, Salzburger LandesklinikenSalzburgAustria,Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma ResearchParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Markus Lenzhofer
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryParacelsus Medical University, Salzburger LandesklinikenSalzburgAustria,Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma ResearchParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
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Ganesh N, Alam MS, George RJ, Balekudaru S, Vijaya L. Outcomes of medical and surgical management in eyes with idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3316-3319. [PMID: 36018111 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2931_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure (IEEVP) is a rare cause of secondary glaucoma and is a diagnosis of exclusion. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and analyze the outcomes of medical and surgical management in eyes diagnosed with idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure. Methods A retrospective analysis of eyes diagnosed with IEEVP over a 5-year period between April 2012 and March 2016 was performed. The demographic details, medical history, and clinical course of the cases were obtained from the medical records. Data pertaining to the severity of glaucomatous damage, response to medical management, need for surgical intervention, and their outcomes were analyzed. Results Fifteen eyes of 13 patients were included. Thirteen eyes (86.6%) had open angle configuration. Among the 13 eyes that had glaucoma, eight eyes (61.5%) had severe glaucoma, four eyes (30.7%) had moderate glaucoma, and one eye (7.6%) had mild glaucoma. The median follow-up was 210 days. Seven of the 15 eyes (46.6%) required a glaucoma filtration procedure, and three underwent prophylactic sclerotomies. 71.4% of these eyes had complete success. One out of the seven operated eyes required choroidal drainage post-operatively. Conclusion IEEVP is an extremely rare condition and presents with raised intra-ocular pressure and tortuous episcleral vessels. The management of IEEVP is similar to that of primary open angle glaucoma. Uveal effusion is to be anticipated, and hence, combining trabeculectomy with prophylactic sclerotomies is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalekshmi Ganesh
- Department of Glaucoma, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Md Shahid Alam
- Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata (A Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai), West Bengal, India
| | - Ronnie J George
- Department of Glaucoma, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shantha Balekudaru
- Department of Glaucoma, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Department of Glaucoma, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ichhpujani P. Commentary: Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure - Tension with twisted tortuousity. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3320-3321. [PMID: 36018112 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_756_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Ichhpujani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Dupessey F, Sauvan L, Denis D. [Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure in a patient with Moyamoya disease]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e397-e398. [PMID: 33892981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Dupessey
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - L Sauvan
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - D Denis
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13015 Marseille, France
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Senthilkumar V, Rajendrababu S, Krishnadas R. Radius maumenee syndrome - Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure. TNOA J Ophthalmic Sci Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_53_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Bennedjaï A, Bonnel S, Akesbi J, Borderie V, Bouheraoua N. Glaucoma associated with Radius-Maumenee syndrome: A case report. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e135-9. [PMID: 33358475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Song JE, Kim JM, Lee MY, Jang HJ, Park KH. Effects of Consumption of Alcohol on Intraocular Pressure: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2011. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2420. [PMID: 32806703 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study researched the association between alcohol consumption, intraocular pressure (IOP), and risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using nationwide population-based cross-sectional data from the Korean population based survey. Information on alcohol intake was obtained by questionnaire and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed. Among a total of 6057 participants, the prevalence of OAG was 4.4% (6.0% for men and 3.0% for women). Multivariate adjusted models showed that alcohol consumption showed significant relationship with changes in IOP. In sex-stratified analyses, alcohol consumption more than 2 times per week was associated with increased IOP in men without OAG, while in women with OAG drinking alcohol more than 4 times per week was associated with increased IOP. This study showed significant differences between men and women without glaucoma who consumed alcohol more than four times per week (p-value: 0.03). Our results suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with risk of elevated IOP depending on sex and presence of glaucoma in Koreans. Therefore, patients who need to control IOP should consider the effects of alcohol consumption.
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Usha Tejaswini S, Sivakumar P, Upadhyaya S, Venkatesh R. Elevated episcleral venous pressure and its implications: A case of Radius-Maumenee syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:1683-1685. [PMID: 32709823 PMCID: PMC7640848 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2407_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of dilated episcleral veins with unilateral secondary open-angle glaucoma. Our case highlights the possible differentials to be considered and the systematic investigations to be done while ruling out the etiologies. Radius–Maumenee syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion. Raised IOP can remain refractory to the medical therapy and conventional trabeculectomy carries higher risk of complications. Here, we discuss the choice of surgical treatment and its implications on management of this secondary open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Sivakumar
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology and Low Vision Services, Aravind Eye Care, Puducherry, India
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Perucho Martínez S, Martín Giral E, Fernández Escamez CS, Toledano Fernández N. Radius-Maumenee syndrome: Beyond a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2020; 95:236-238. [PMID: 32184047 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radius-Maumenee syndrome (SRM) or idiopathic episcleral venous hypertension (HVEI) is an uncommon disorder that occurs with a dilation of the episcleral vessels and an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). It is a syndrome that constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the ophthalmologist. A case is presented in which, despite making an early diagnosis and trying to plan a treatment aimed at avoiding choroidal effusion, its appearance was unavoidable, having to treat it twice with good functional results so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perucho Martínez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.
| | - E Martín Giral
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España
| | - C S Fernández Escamez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España
| | - N Toledano Fernández
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España
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Sun CQ, Medert CM, Chang TC. Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure in a teenager. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 18:100712. [PMID: 32322757 PMCID: PMC7171185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of unilateral idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure (IEEVP) in a 15-year-old patient. We reviewed and summarized published case reports of IEEVP to determine how to manage this challenging and rare condition. Observations A 15-year-old Caucasian male presented with elevated intraocular pressures (IOP), blood in Schlemm canal in the left eye, and asymmetric cupping with corresponding glaucomatous findings on testing. We diagnosed the patient with IEEVP and describe successful surgical intervention with deep sclerectomy and viscocanalostomy. Conclusions and Importance IEEVP is a diagnosis of exclusion and based on clinical findings of dilated episcleral veins, blood in Schlemm canal and glaucomatous changes. If glaucomatous progression occurs with medication, filtration surgery is usually required, and most patients have good results in the literature. Care should be taken to prevent post-operative hypotony and serous choroidal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Q Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles M Medert
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ta Chen Chang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kijima R, Sasaki O, Shinmei Y, Ohguchi T, Takeda A, Chin S, Ishida S. Changes in Intraocular Pressure in Single Ventricle Patients After the Glenn or Fontan Procedure. J Glaucoma 2019; 28:1012-4. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Background Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure (IEEVP) or idiopathic dilated episcleral veins (IDEV) is a rare abnormality, and thus therapeutic treatment for this condition rarely is discussed. We report a case of a patient with bilateral glaucoma secondary to IDEV for whom intraocular pressures (IOPs) were controlled successfully by trabeculectomy. Case presentation A 50 year-old female with a complaint of persistent red eyes for over 30 years, presented with numerous tortuous and engorged episcleral vessels in both eyes (OU), open angles OU with spontaneous blood in Schlemm’s canal 360 degrees bilaterally. Orbital color Doppler examination showed the superior ophthalmic veins to be of normal calibre, with no reversal of flow. Head MRI with contrast and cerebral angiography were negative for arteriovenous fistula. Coronary angiography, color Doppler echocardiography and chest radiographs were within normal limits. A diagnosis of secondary glaucoma and IDEV was made. Neither anti-glaucoma medications, nor laser trabeculoplasty reduced the patent’s IOP effectively. Only after trabeculectomy was performed in each eye, were IOPs successfully controlled. Conclusions This case serves to remind clinicians of the importance of identifying and evaluating thoroughly patients with episcleral vessel dilation in non-inflamed eyes with no known cause. A misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of long-term elevated intraocular pressure may result in significant damage to the optic nerve. In addition, when performing filtration surgery it is crucial that the ophthalmologist control the IOP and make an effort to prevent choroidal effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
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Dang Y, Wang C, Shah P, Waxman S, Loewen RT, Hong Y, Esfandiari H, Loewen NA. Outflow enhancement by three different ab interno trabeculectomy procedures in a porcine anterior segment model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1305-1312. [PMID: 29721662 PMCID: PMC7804591 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate three different microincisional ab interno trabeculectomy procedures in a porcine eye perfusion model. METHODS In perfused porcine anterior segments, 90° of trabecular meshwork (TM) was ablated using the Trabectome (T; n = 8), Goniotome (G; n = 8), or Kahook device (K; n = 8). After 24 h, additional 90° of TM was removed. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and outflow facility were measured at 5 and 10 μl/min perfusion to simulate an elevated IOP. Structure and function were assessed with canalograms and histology. RESULTS At 5 μl/min infusion rate, T resulted in a greater IOP reduction than G or K from baseline (76.12% decrease versus 48.19% and 47.96%, P = 0.013). IOP reduction between G and K was similar (P = 0.420). Removing another 90° of TM caused an additional IOP reduction only in T and G but not in K. Similarly, T resulted in the largest increase in outflow facility at 5 μl/min compared with G and K (first ablation, 3.41 times increase versus 1.95 and 1.87; second ablation, 4.60 versus 2.50 and 1.74) with similar results at 10 μl/min (first ablation, 3.28 versus 2.29 and 1.90 (P = 0.001); second ablation, 4.10 versus 3.01 and 2.01 (P = 0.001)). Canalograms indicated circumferential flow beyond the ablation endpoints. CONCLUSIONS T, G, and K significantly increased the outflow facility. In this model, T had a larger effect than G and K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Priyal Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Susannah Waxman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ralitsa T Loewen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hamed Esfandiari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nils A Loewen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop St, Suite 819, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Lee SS, Burke J, Shen J, Almazan A, Orilla W, Hughes P, Zhang J, Li H, Struble C, Miller PE, Robinson MR. Bimatoprost sustained-release intracameral implant reduces episcleral venous pressure in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 21:376-381. [PMID: 29457333 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a bimatoprost sustained-release intracameral implant (Bimatoprost SR) on episcleral venous pressure (EVP) in normal dogs. METHODS Normotensive beagle dogs were randomized to receive Bimatoprost SR 30 μg (n = 7) or sham injection (needle insertion only, n = 7) in one eye on day 1. EVP was measured with an episcleral venomanometer through day 65. Episcleral aqueous outflow vessels were identified using fluorescence imaging following intracameral injection of indocyanine green in one additional animal. A separate cohort of dogs that had been trained for conscious intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements received Bimatoprost SR 30 μg (n = 8) in one eye; IOP was evaluated through day 66. RESULTS Baseline mean EVP was 10.0 mmHg in the Bimatoprost SR group and 10.4 mmHg in the sham group. Eyes treated with Bimatoprost SR exhibited a transient increase in mean EVP that peaked at day 8, followed by a decrease to levels below baseline. From day 29 to day 65, the change in mean EVP from baseline ranged from -2.4 to -3.9 mmHg (P < 0.05 vs. sham). Baseline mean IOP in eyes treated with Bimatoprost SR was 14.9 mmHg, and a steady IOP reduction was maintained through day 66. Bimatoprost SR-treated eyes exhibited a selective, sustained dilation of aqueous outflow vessels that was not observed in sham-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS In normal dogs, Bimatoprost SR was associated with a transient increase in EVP followed by a sustained decrease. Changes in EVP were accompanied by a sustained dilation of aqueous outflow vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul E Miller
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
Case presentation of a 41-year-old woman with long-standing bilateral eye injection whose clinical findings included bilateral episcleral vessel engorgement and tortuosity, raised intraocular pressure with open iridocorneal angles and left optic disc cupping. All remaining objective examination was normal. She underwent cranial and orbits CT and CT-angiography scans which were unremarkable. Optical coherence tomography of the peripapillary nerve fibre layer and automated perimetry were compatible with advanced glaucomatous damage on the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure or Radius-Maumenee syndrome. If medical therapy is unable to prevent disease progression, left eye filtering surgery will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Homem de Melo Marques
- Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal.,Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Farinha
- Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia Martins
- Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faria
- Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Goyal S, Phillips PH, Corder LA, Robertson MJ, Garcia X, Schmitz ML, Gupta P. Intraocular pressure in children after congenital heart surgery: A single-center study. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 10:234-239. [PMID: 28928608 PMCID: PMC5594933 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_41_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of varied cardiac physiologies on intraocular pressure (IOP) among children undergoing heart operations is unknown. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the IOP among children with varying cardiovascular physiologies and varying hemodynamics after their heart operation. Setting and Design: This was a prospective, observational study. Materials and Methods: Patients ≤18 years undergoing congenital heart surgery were included in this study. IOP measurement was performed by Icare® tonometer between 3 and 14 days after heart operation. Statistical Analysis: Summary statistics were estimated for all demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data. Results: A total of 116 eyes from 58 children were included. The mean and standard deviation age was 28.4 (45.8) months. Single-ventricle anatomy was present in 26 patients (45%). Despite similar heart rate and blood pressure, the mean IOP among the patients with single-ventricle anatomy was significantly elevated as compared to patients with two-ventricle anatomy (18 mm Hg vs. 12 mm Hg, P < 0.001). There was no difference in IOP measurements based on the complexity of operation performed. We noted that patients undergoing surgical palliation with central shunt (21 mm Hg), Fontan operation (19 mm Hg), bidirectional Glenn operation (19 mm Hg), Norwood operation (19 mm Hg), or definitive repairs such as tetralogy of Fallot repair (17 mm Hg), and atrioventricular canal repair (19 mm Hg) were associated with the highest IOPs in the study cohort. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that IOPs vary with varying cardiovascular physiology after pediatric cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Goyal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Paul H Phillips
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lamonda A Corder
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xiomara Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael L Schmitz
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Punkaj Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of presumed idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure (EVP) initially requiring medical management. METHODS We present a case report of a 28-year-old white man presenting with eye redness and soreness as a referral to the glaucoma service. He was diagnosed with idiopathic elevated EVP after systematic workup. RESULTS Unilateral elevated intraocular pressure was detected along with dilated episcleral vessels, mild cupping of optic nerve head, and blood in Schlemm's canal, yet negative angiographic imaging and hypercoagulable labs. Topical antiglaucoma medication normalized intraocular pressure, which then maintained with resolution of episcleral vessel caliper and blood in Schlemm's canal after discontinuation of medication. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of spontaneous resolution of presumed idiopathic elevated EVP, persisting after discontinuation of medical therapy and without surgical intervention.
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Abstract
Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure is characterized by dilated episcleral veins and open angle glaucoma. Trabeculectomies in these eyes are often complicated by uveal effusions (intraoperative or postoperative) at nonhypotonous pressures. We highlight the ability to avoid the need for sclerostomies by preventing intraoperative shallowing of the anterior chamber and the use of tight scleral sutures which should be adjusted postsurgery to gradually reach the target intraocular pressure in a step-wise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Sultan Pradhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College, Schell Eye Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kuruvilla
- Christian Medical College, Schell Eye Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushpa Jacob
- Christian Medical College, Schell Eye Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vandekerckhove G, Kestelyn P. Challenging cases of ocular injection and increased intraocular pressure. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:707-8. [PMID: 24373123 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Kestelyn
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
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Cagatay HH, Ekinci M, Sendul SY, Uslu C, Demir M, Ulusay SM, Uysal E, Seker S. Elevated Intraocular Pressure due to Arteriovenous Fistula between External Carotid Artery and Facial Vein. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2014; 2014:897928. [PMID: 25349756 DOI: 10.1155/2014/897928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous outflow via the conventional outflow pathway is dependent on the pressure gradient between intraocular pressure (IOP) and episcleral venous pressure (EVP). Elevated IOP resulting from increased EVP is a well-known complication of arteriovenous fistulas, which are usually between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Arteriovenous malformations usually occur spontaneously, after a trauma or from iatrogenic causes, and they manifest with findings of chemosis, dilatation of the conjunctival vessels, exophthalmos, and extraocular motility limitation. In this study, we present a case of elevated IOP due to facial arteriovenous malformations following a functional neck dissection surgery that caused intraocular pressure elevation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to show possible connection between episcleritis and open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN This was a retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on 21 patients who suffered from episcleritis and had no previous attack of episcleritis or glaucoma were collected for a period of 8 years (from 2004 to 2011). RESULTS Six of the 21 patients of the study group (28.6%) were diagnosed as suffering from glaucoma. Four patients had a diffuse conjunctival congestion, 1 had sectoral congestion, and for 1 patient there was no record of conjunctival congestion. Two of the 6 patients with episcleritis and glaucoma experienced recurrent episcleritis events during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an association between episcleritis and open-angle glaucoma.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure (IEEVP) is a rare condition that can lead to glaucoma, which can be difficult to manage. This case report aims to educate clinicians on the importance of considering IEEVP in the differential diagnosis of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the presence of engorged episcleral veins. CASE REPORT We describe a patient who presented to the office with high IOPs in the presence of engorged episcleral veins. We diagnosed the patient with glaucoma and referred the patient to a glaucoma specialist. The elevated IOP became difficult to manage medically, and the patient underwent a trabeculectomy in the right eye. We eventually diagnosed the patient with IEEVP. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, IEEVP should be considered when the patient presents with elevated IOP in the presence of engorged episcleral veins. Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure is often difficult to manage both medically and surgically.
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Lee YR, Na JH, Kim JY, Sung KR. Increased intraocular pressure after extensive conjunctival removal: a case report. Korean J Ophthalmol 2013; 27:141-4. [PMID: 23543764 PMCID: PMC3596620 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2013.27.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 50-year-old woman, who had undergone extensive removal of conjunctiva on the right eye for cosmetic purposes at a local clinic 8 months prior to presentation, was referred for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (up to 38 mmHg) despite maximal medical treatment. The superior and inferior conjunctival and episcleral vessels were severely engorged and the nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctival areas were covered with an avascular epithelium. Gonioscopic examination revealed an open angle with Schlemm's canal filled with blood to 360 degrees in the right eye. Brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging and angiography results were normal. With the maximum tolerable anti-glaucoma medications, the IOP gradually decreased to 25 mmHg over 4 months of treatment. Extensive removal of conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule, leaving bare sclera, may lead to an elevation of the episcleral venous pressure because intrascleral and episcleral veins may no longer drain properly due to a lack of connection to Tenon's capsule and the conjunctival vasculature. This rare case suggests one possible mechanism of secondary glaucoma following ocular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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