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Monk-Cunliffe J, Kadra-Scalzo G, Finamore C, Dale O, Khondoker M, Barrett B, Shetty H, Hayes RD, Moran P. Defining severity of personality disorder using electronic health records: short report. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e137. [PMID: 37524373 PMCID: PMC10486230 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severity of personality disorder is an important determinant of future health. However, this key prognostic variable is not captured in routine clinical practice. Using a large clinical data-set, we explored the predictive validity of items from the Health of Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) as potential indicators of personality disorder severity. For 6912 patients with a personality disorder diagnosis, we examined associations between HoNOS items relating to core personality disorder symptoms (self-harm, difficulty in interpersonal relationships, performance of occupational and social roles, and agitation and aggression) and future health service use. Compared with those with no self-harm problem, the total healthcare cost was 2.74 times higher (95% CI 1.66-4.52; P < 0.001) for individuals with severe to very severe self-harm problems. Other HoNOS items did not demonstrate clear patterns of association with service costs. Self-harm may be a robust indicator of the severity of personality disorder, but further replication work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Monk-Cunliffe
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Giouliana Kadra-Scalzo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Finamore
- Research Unit, The Cassel Hospital, West London NHS Trust, Richmond, UK
| | - Oliver Dale
- Research Unit, The Cassel Hospital, West London NHS Trust, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Barbara Barrett
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hitesh Shetty
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard D. Hayes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Stevelink SAM, Phillips A, Broadbent M, Boyd A, Dorrington S, Jewell A, Leal R, Bakolis I, Madan I, Hotopf M, Fear NT, Downs J. Linking electronic mental healthcare and benefits records in South London: design, procedure and descriptive outcomes. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067136. [PMID: 36792321 PMCID: PMC9950921 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the process and outcomes of a data linkage between electronic secondary mental healthcare records from the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust with benefits records from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). We also describe the mental health and benefit profile of patients who were successfully linked. DESIGN A deterministic linkage of routine records from health and welfare government service providers within a secure environment. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adults aged≥18 years who were referred to or accessed treatment at SLaM services between January 2007 and June 2019, including those who were treated as part of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services between January 2008 and June 2019 (n=448 404). Benefits data from the DWP from January 2005 to June 2020. OUTCOME MEASURES The linkage rate and associated sociodemographic, diagnostic and treatment factors. Recorded primary psychiatric diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and type of benefit receipt. RESULTS A linkage rate of 92.3% was achieved. Women, younger patients and those from ethnic minority groups were less likely to be successfully linked. Patients who had subsequently died, had a recorded primary psychiatric diagnosis, had also engaged with IAPT and had a higher number of historical postcodes available were more likely to be linked. Overall, 83% of patients received benefits at some point between 2005 and 2020. Benefit receipt across the psychiatric diagnosis spectrum was high, over 80% across most ICD-10 codes. CONCLUSIONS This data linkage is the first of its kind in the UK demonstrating the use of routinely collected mental health and benefits data. Benefit receipt was high among patients accessing SLaM services and varied by psychiatric diagnosis. Future areas of research are discussed, including exploring the effectiveness of interventions for helping people into work and the impact of benefit reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A M Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ava Phillips
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Andy Boyd
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dorrington
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Amelia Jewell
- South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ray Leal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Services and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ira Madan
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Johnny Downs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Hardy F, Heyl J, Tucker K, Hopper A, Marchã MJ, Briggs TWR, Yates J, Day J, Wheeler A, Eve-Jones S, Gray WK. Data consistency in the English Hospital Episodes Statistics database. BMJ Health Care Inform 2022; 29:bmjhci-2022-100633. [PMID: 36307148 PMCID: PMC9621173 DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2022-100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To gain maximum insight from large administrative healthcare datasets it is important to understand their data quality. Although a gold standard against which to assess criterion validity rarely exists for such datasets, internal consistency can be evaluated. We aimed to identify inconsistencies in the recording of mandatory International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10) codes within the Hospital Episodes Statistics dataset in England. METHODS Three exemplar medical conditions where recording is mandatory once diagnosed were chosen: autism, type II diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease dementia. We identified the first occurrence of the condition ICD-10 code for a patient during the period April 2013 to March 2021 and in subsequent hospital spells. We designed and trained random forest classifiers to identify variables strongly associated with recording inconsistencies. RESULTS For autism, diabetes and Parkinson's disease dementia respectively, 43.7%, 8.6% and 31.2% of subsequent spells had inconsistencies. Coding inconsistencies were highly correlated with non-coding of an underlying condition, a change in hospital trust and greater time between the spell with the first coded diagnosis and the subsequent spell. For patients with diabetes or Parkinson's disease dementia, the code recording for spells without an overnight stay were found to have a higher rate of inconsistencies. CONCLUSIONS Data inconsistencies are relatively common for the three conditions considered. Where these mandatory diagnoses are not recorded in administrative datasets, and where clinical decisions are made based on such data, there is potential for this to impact patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Hardy
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Heyl
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Tucker
- Innovation and Intelligent Automation Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adrian Hopper
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK,Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria J Marchã
- Science and Technology Facilities Council Distributed Research Utilising Advanced Computing High Performance Computing Facility, London, UK
| | - Tim W R Briggs
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Jeremy Yates
- Science and Technology Facilities Council Distributed Research Utilising Advanced Computing High Performance Computing Facility, London, UK,Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Day
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Wheeler
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK
| | - Sue Eve-Jones
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK
| | - William K Gray
- Getting It Right First Time, NHS England and NHS Improvement London, London, UK
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Spurling LJ, Moonesinghe SR, Oliver CM. Validation of the days alive and out of hospital outcome measure after emergency laparotomy: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:449-456. [PMID: 35012739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) is a composite, patient-centred outcome measure describing a patient's postoperative recovery, encompassing hospitalisation and mortality. DAOH is the number of days not in hospital over a defined postoperative period; patients who die have DAOH of zero. The Standardising Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) group recommended DAOH as a perioperative outcome. However, DAOH has never been validated in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Here, we validate DAOH after emergency laparotomy and establish the optimal duration of observation. METHODS Prospectively collected data of patients having emergency laparotomy in England (December 1, 2013-November 30, 2017) were linked to national hospital admission and mortality records for the year after surgery. We evaluated construct validity by assessing DAOH variation with known perioperative risk factors and predictive validity for 1 yr mortality using a multivariate Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression. The optimal postoperative DAOH period (30 or 90 days) was judged on distributional and pragmatic properties. RESULTS We analysed 78 921 records. The median 30-day DAOH (DAOH30) was 16 (inter-quartile range [IQR], 0-22) days and the median DAOH90 was 75 (46-82) days. DAOH was shorter in the presence of known perioperative risk factors. For patients surviving the first 30 postoperative days, shorter DAOH30 was associated with higher 1-yr mortality (odds ratio=0.94; 95% credible interval, 0.94-0.94). CONCLUSION DAOH is a valid, patient-centred outcome after emergency laparotomy. We recommend its use in clinical trials, quality assurance, and quality improvement, measured at 30 days as mortality heavily skews DAOH measured at 90 days and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh-James Spurling
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Centre for Perioperative Medicine, Division of Surgical and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - S Ramani Moonesinghe
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Centre for Perioperative Medicine, Division of Surgical and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C Matthew Oliver
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Centre for Perioperative Medicine, Division of Surgical and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Radley J, Barlow J, Johns LC. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with parenthood amongst patients with a psychotic diagnosis: a cross-sectional study using patient clinical records. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1897-1906. [PMID: 35445841 PMCID: PMC9375763 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estimates of parenthood in individuals with psychosis range from 27 to 63%. This number has likely increased due to the introduction of newer anti-psychotics and shorter hospital stays. The problems of psychosis can affect patients' capacity to offer the consistent, responsive care required for healthy child development. The following research questions were assessed: (1) what proportion of these patients have their children correctly recorded in their clinical notes, (2) what proportion of patients in secondary care with a psychotic diagnosis have children, and (3) what sociodemographic characteristics are associated with parenthood in this population. METHODS This study used CRIS (Clinical Record Interactive Search) to search for patients with a diagnosis of non-affective or affective psychosis (F20-29, F31.2 or F31.5) within a UK NHS Trust. A binomial regression model was fitted to identify the variables associated with parenthood. RESULTS Fewer than half of the parents in the sample had their children recorded in the correct field in their clinical notes. Of 5173 patients with psychosis, 2006 (38.8%) were parents. Characteristics associated with parenthood included being female, older age, higher socioeconomic status, renting or owning, having ever been married, being unemployed, not being White (British) and not having a diagnosis of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Over one-third of patients with psychosis were parents, and the study indicates that not all NHS Trusts are recording dependants accurately. Many variables were strongly associated with parenthood and these findings may help target interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Radley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Jane Barlow
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32-37 Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2ER UK
| | - Louise C. Johns
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
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Sommerlad A, Werbeloff N, Perera G, Smith T, Costello H, Mueller C, Kormilitzin A, Broadbent M, Nevado-Holgado A, Lovestone S, Stewart R, Livingston G. Effect of trazodone on cognitive decline in people with dementia: Cohort study using UK routinely collected data. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37. [PMID: 34564898 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence in mouse models has found that the antidepressant trazodone may be protective against neurodegeneration. We therefore aimed to compare cognitive decline of people with dementia taking trazodone with those taking other antidepressants. METHODS Three identical naturalistic cohort studies using UK clinical registers. We included all people with dementia assessed during 2008-16 who were recorded taking trazodone, citalopram or mirtazapine for at least 6 weeks. Linear mixed models examined age, time and sex-adjusted Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) change in people with all-cause dementia taking trazodone compared with those taking citalopram and mirtazapine. In secondary analyses, we examined those with non-vascular dementia; mild dementia; and adjusted results for neuropsychiatric symptoms. We combined results from the three study sites using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 2,199 people with dementia, including 406 taking trazodone, with mean 2.2 years follow-up. There was no difference in adjusted cognitive decline in people with all-cause or non-vascular dementia taking trazodone, citalopram or mirtazapine in any of the three study sites. When data from the three sites were combined in meta-analysis, we found greater mean MMSE decline in people with all-cause dementia taking trazodone compared to those taking citalopram (0·26 points per successive MMSE measurement, 95% CI 0·03-0·49; p = 0·03). Results in sensitivity analyses were consistent with primary analyses. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of cognitive benefit from trazodone compared to other antidepressants in people with dementia in three naturalistic cohort studies. Despite preclinical evidence, trazodone should not be advocated for cognition in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nomi Werbeloff
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gayan Perera
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tanya Smith
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Harry Costello
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alejo Nevado-Holgado
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd., Janssen-Cilag, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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