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Tang J, Ren J, Wang H, Shi M, Jia X, Zhang L. Real experience of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS from the perspective of iceberg theory: a qualitative research. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079474. [PMID: 38719298 PMCID: PMC11086469 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the caregiving behaviours and supportive needs of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide a basis for healthcare institutions to carry out caregiver interventions. DESIGN A purposive sampling method was used to select 11 caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS in the Infectious Disease Department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, to conduct semistructured interviews. Colaizzi analysis was used to collate and analyse the interview data. SETTING All interviews were conducted at a tertiary hospital specialising in infectious diseases in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. PARTICIPANTS We purposively sampled 11 caregivers of people with HIV/AIDS, including nine women and two men. RESULTS Analysing the results from the perspective of iceberg theory, three thematic layers were identified: behavioural, value and belief. The behavioural layer includes a lack of awareness of the disease, physical and mental coping disorders, and an increased sense of stigma; the values layer includes a heightened sense of responsibility, the constraints of traditional gender norms, the influence of strong family values and the oppression of public opinion and morality and the belief layer includes the faith of standing together through storms and stress. CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals should value the experiences of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide professional support to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingxia Ren
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Shi
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Liman Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Guo C, Pan L, Chen L, Xie J, Liang Z, Huang Y, He L. Investigating the epidemiological relevance of secretory otitis media and neighboring organ diseases through an Internet search. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16981. [PMID: 38464759 PMCID: PMC10921933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the epidemiological correlations between secretory otitis media (SOM) and diseases of neighboring organs. We measured changes in disease incidences during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic using Internet big data spanning from 2011 to 2021. Methods This study used the Baidu Index (BI) to determine the search volume for the terms "secretory otitis media (SOM)", "tonsillitis", "pharyngolaryngitis", "adenoid hypertrophy (AH)", "nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)", "nasal septum deviation (NSD)", "rhinosinusitis", "allergic rhinitis (AR)", and "gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)" in Mandarin from January 2011 to December 2021. The correlations between these terms were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. The results were compared search data from 2019 and 2021 to assess the effects of isolation on SOM in 2020. Results The seasonal variations trends of SOM and other diseases coincided well (P < 0.05), except for AR. During the 11-year timeframe, the monthly searches for rhinosinusitis, NSD, tonsillitis, pharyngolaryngitis, and NPC were statistically correlated with SOM (R = 0.825, 0.594, 0.650, 0.636, 0.664, respectively; P < 0.05). No correlation was found between SOM and AR, SOM and AH, or SOM and GERD (R = - 0.028, R = 0.259, R = 0.014, respectively, P > 0.05). The total search volumes for SOM, rhinosinusitis, NPC, and AH decreased in 2020 compared to 2019. Discussion SOM exhibited a discernible epidemiological connection with rhinosinusitis, nasal septal deviation (NSD), tonsillitis, pharyngolaryngitis, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A decrease in public gatherings was observed to effectively reduce the incidences of SOM. This underscores the pivotal role of social measures in influencing the prevalence of SOM and emphasizes the intricate interplay between SOM and various associated health factors, with implications for public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linlin Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinghua Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuozheng Liang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongjin Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Luo T, Zhou J, Yang J, Xie Y, Wei Y, Mai H, Lu D, Yang Y, Cui P, Ye L, Liang H, Huang J. Early Warning and Prediction of Scarlet Fever in China Using the Baidu Search Index and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average With Explanatory Variable (ARIMAX) Model: Time Series Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e49400. [PMID: 37902815 PMCID: PMC10644180 DOI: 10.2196/49400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet-derived data and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and ARIMA with explanatory variable (ARIMAX) models are extensively used for infectious disease surveillance. However, the effectiveness of the Baidu search index (BSI) in predicting the incidence of scarlet fever remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate whether a low-cost BSI monitoring system could potentially function as a valuable complement to traditional scarlet fever surveillance in China. METHODS ARIMA and ARIMAX models were developed to predict the incidence of scarlet fever in China using data from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China between January 2011 and August 2022. The procedures included establishing a keyword database, keyword selection and filtering through Spearman rank correlation and cross-correlation analyses, construction of the scarlet fever comprehensive search index (CSI), modeling with the training sets, predicting with the testing sets, and comparing the prediction performances. RESULTS The average monthly incidence of scarlet fever was 4462.17 (SD 3011.75) cases, and annual incidence exhibited an upward trend until 2019. The keyword database contained 52 keywords, but only 6 highly relevant ones were selected for modeling. A high Spearman rank correlation was observed between the scarlet fever reported cases and the scarlet fever CSI (rs=0.881). We developed the ARIMA(4,0,0)(0,1,2)(12) model, and the ARIMA(4,0,0)(0,1,2)(12) + CSI (Lag=0) and ARIMAX(1,0,2)(2,0,0)(12) models were combined with the BSI. The 3 models had a good fit and passed the residuals Ljung-Box test. The ARIMA(4,0,0)(0,1,2)(12), ARIMA(4,0,0)(0,1,2)(12) + CSI (Lag=0), and ARIMAX(1,0,2)(2,0,0)(12) models demonstrated favorable predictive capabilities, with mean absolute errors of 1692.16 (95% CI 584.88-2799.44), 1067.89 (95% CI 402.02-1733.76), and 639.75 (95% CI 188.12-1091.38), respectively; root mean squared errors of 2036.92 (95% CI 929.64-3144.20), 1224.92 (95% CI 559.04-1890.79), and 830.80 (95% CI 379.17-1282.43), respectively; and mean absolute percentage errors of 4.33% (95% CI 0.54%-8.13%), 3.36% (95% CI -0.24% to 6.96%), and 2.16% (95% CI -0.69% to 5.00%), respectively. The ARIMAX models outperformed the ARIMA models and had better prediction performances with smaller values. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the BSI can be used for the early warning and prediction of scarlet fever, serving as a valuable supplement to traditional surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Luo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yulan Xie
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiru Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huanzhuo Mai
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongjia Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuecong Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zhao Y, Li J, Liu K. The sustainable development of mathematics subject: An empirical analysis based on the academic attention and literature research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18750. [PMID: 37576232 PMCID: PMC10415669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of the correlation between subject network attention and literature research in China can aid in comprehending the development trend of Chinese scientific and technological journals. Currently, many scholars have done a lot of research based on the network media index, but the relationship between the discipline attention represented by it and literature research has not been fully verified. This paper used CNKI and Baidu Index as data sources to establish a RAPF experimental framework based on relationship analysis and prediction, and selected high school mathematics subjects in China for effective demonstration. First, RAPF extracted core keywords using text tools and word frequency statistics. Second, it constructed a relationship model between subject attention and literature research based on Spearman and LOOCV. Finally, it made predictions through time series and regression analysis. The results showed a correlation between subject attention and literature research, and the model fit R2 was 0.774, with a relative error of less than 2%. Short-term predictions found that some keywords received less online attention, and 2022-2024 may be the crucial development period for mathematical education research, with an annual literature research volume of approximately 380 articles. This paper summarized the mathematical subject themes centered on content, culture, literacy, and integration, and also provided a reference for the development of the subject through experimental prediction. In the next two years, China's mathematics literature research still needs to delve deeper, broaden its breadth, enhance its height, and ensure a steady improvement in the quality and quantity of literature research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhao
- School of Information Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
- School of Educational Information Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junke Li
- School of Information Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Poultry Farming and Intelligent Equipment, Jiangsu, 223800, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
- School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, 558000, China
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Wang Z, He J, Jin B, Zhang L, Han C, Wang M, Wang H, An S, Zhao M, Zhen Q, Tiejun S, Zhang X. Using Baidu Index Data to Improve Chickenpox Surveillance in Yunnan, China: Infodemiology Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44186. [PMID: 37191983 DOI: 10.2196/44186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickenpox is an old but easily neglected infectious disease. Although chickenpox is preventable by vaccines, vaccine breakthroughs often occur, and the chickenpox epidemic is on the rise. Chickenpox is not included in the list of regulated communicable diseases that must be reported and controlled by public and health departments; therefore, it is crucial to rapidly identify and report varicella outbreaks during the early stages. The Baidu index (BDI) can supplement the traditional surveillance system for infectious diseases, such as brucellosis and dengue, in China. The number of reported chickenpox cases and internet search data also showed a similar trend. BDI can be a useful tool to display the outbreak of infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop an efficient disease surveillance method that uses BDI to assist in traditional surveillance. METHODS Chickenpox incidence data (weekly from January 2017 to June 2021) reported by the Yunnan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention were obtained to evaluate the relationship between the incidence of chickenpox and BDI. We applied a support vector machine regression (SVR) model and a multiple regression prediction model with BDI to predict the incidence of chickenpox. In addition, we used the SVR model to predict the number of chickenpox cases from June 2021 to the first week of April 2022. RESULTS The analysis showed that there was a close correlation between the weekly number of newly diagnosed cases and the BDI. In the search terms we collected, the highest Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.747. Most BDI search terms, such as "chickenpox," "chickenpox treatment," "treatment of chickenpox," "chickenpox symptoms," and "chickenpox virus," trend consistently. Some BDI search terms, such as "chickenpox pictures," "symptoms of chickenpox," "chickenpox vaccine," and "is chickenpox vaccine necessary," appeared earlier than the trend of "chickenpox virus." The 2 models were compared, the SVR model performed better in all the applied measurements: fitting effect, R2=0.9108, root mean square error (RMSE)=96.2995, and mean absolute error (MAE)=73.3988; and prediction effect, R2=0.548, RMSE=189.1807, and MAE=147.5412. In addition, we applied the SVR model to predict the number of reported cases weekly in Yunnan from June 2021 to April 2022 using the same period of the BDI. The results showed that the fluctuation of the time series from July 2021 to April 2022 was similar to that of the last year and a half with no change in the level of prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the BDI in Yunnan Province can predict the incidence of chickenpox in the same period. Thus, the BDI is a useful tool for monitoring the chickenpox epidemic and for complementing traditional monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun He
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, China
| | - Bolin Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyu Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqi An
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meifang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Zhen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shui Tiejun
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li X, Tang K. The Effects of Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior on Sexually Transmitted Disease in China: Infodemiology Study of the Internet Search Queries. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43046. [PMID: 37171864 DOI: 10.2196/43046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious issue worldwide. With the popularity of the internet, online health information-seeking behavior (OHISB) has been widely adopted to improve health and prevent disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of different types of OHISBs on STDs, including syphilis, gonorrhea, and AIDS due to HIV, based on the Baidu index. METHODS Multisource big data were collected, including case numbers of STDs, search queries based on the Baidu index, provincial total population, male-female ratio, the proportion of the population older than 65 years, gross regional domestic product (GRDP), and health institution number data in 2011-2018 in mainland China. We categorized OHISBs into 4 types: concept, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Before and after controlling for socioeconomic and medical conditions, we applied multiple linear regression to analyze associations between the Baidu search index (BSI) and Baidu search rate (BSR) and STD case numbers. In addition, we compared the effects of 4 types of OHISBs and performed time lag cross-correlation analyses to investigate the long-term effect of OHISB. RESULTS The distributions of both STD case numbers and OHISBs presented variability. For case number, syphilis, and gonorrhea, cases were mainly distributed in southeastern and northwestern areas of China, while HIV/AIDS cases were mostly distributed in southwestern areas. For the search query, the eastern region had the highest BSI and BSR, while the western region had the lowest ones. For 4 types of OHISB for 3 diseases, the BSI was positively related to the case number, while the BSR was significantly negatively related to the case number (P<.05). Different categories of OHISB have different effects on STD case numbers. Searches for prevention tended to have a larger impact, while searches for treatment tended to have a smaller impact. Besides, due to the time lag effect, those impacts would increase over time. CONCLUSIONS Our study validated the significant associations between 4 types of OHISBs and STD case numbers, and the impact of OHISBs on STDs became stronger over time. It may provide insights into how to use internet big data to better achieve disease surveillance and prevention goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Li D, Ren X, Su Y. Predicting COVID-19 using lioness optimization algorithm and graph convolution network. Soft comput 2023; 27:5437-5501. [PMID: 36686544 PMCID: PMC9838306 DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a graph convolution network prediction model based on the lioness optimization algorithm (LsOA-GCN) is proposed to predict the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in 17 regions of Hubei Province from March 23 to March 29, 2020, according to the transmission characteristics of COVID-19. On the one hand, Spearman correlation analysis with delay days and LsOA are used to capture the dynamic changes of feature information to obtain the temporal features. On the other hand, the graph convolutional network is used to capture the topological structure of the city network, so as to obtain spatial information and finally realize the prediction task. Then, we evaluate this model through performance evaluation indicators and statistical test methods and compare the results of LsOA-GCN with 10 representative prediction methods in the current epidemic prediction study. The experimental results show that the LsOA-GCN prediction model is significantly better than other prediction methods in all indicators and can successfully capture spatio-temporal information from feature data, thereby achieving accurate prediction of epidemic trends in different regions of Hubei Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- College of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ren
- College of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunze Su
- College of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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Yang J, Zhou J, Luo T, Xie Y, Wei Y, Mai H, Yang Y, Cui P, Ye L, Liang H, Huang J. Predicting pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in China using Baidu search index: an ARIMAX model approach. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:68. [PMID: 37926526 PMCID: PMC10636285 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing researches have established a correlation between internet search data and the epidemics of numerous infectious diseases. This study aims to develop a prediction model to explore the relationship between the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) epidemic trend in China and the Baidu search index. METHODS Collect the number of new cases of PTB in China from January 2011 to August 2022. Use Spearman rank correlation and interaction analysis to identify Baidu keywords related to PTB and construct a PTB comprehensive search index. Evaluate the predictive performance of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and ARIMA with explanatory variable (ARIMAX) models for the number of PTB cases. RESULTS Incidence of PTB had shown a fluctuating downward trend. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the PTB comprehensive search index and its incidence was 0.834 (P < 0.001). The ARIMA model had an AIC value of 2804.41, and the MAPE value was 13.19%. The ARIMAX model incorporating the Baidu index demonstrated an AIC value of 2761.58 and a MAPE value of 5.33%. CONCLUSIONS The ARIMAX model is superior to ARIMA in terms of fitting and predicting accuracy. Additionally, the use of Baidu Index has proven to be effective in predicting cases of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tingyan Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yulan Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiru Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huanzhuo Mai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuecong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Jiang S, You C, Zhang S, Chen F, Peng G, Liu J, Xie D, Li Y, Guo X. Using search trends to analyze web-based users' behavior profiles connected with COVID-19 in mainland China: infodemiology study based on hot words and Baidu Index. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14343. [PMID: 36389414 PMCID: PMC9653070 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mainland China, the world's most populous region, experienced a large-scale coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Existing infodemiology studies have primarily concentrated on the prospective surveillance of confirmed cases or symptoms which met the criterion for investigators; nevertheless, the actual impact regarding COVID-19 on the public and subsequent attitudes of different groups towards the COVID-19 epidemic were neglected. Methods This study aimed to examine the public web-based search trends and behavior patterns related to COVID-19 outbreaks in mainland China by using hot words and Baidu Index (BI). The initial hot words (the high-frequency words on the Internet) and the epidemic data (2019/12/01-2021/11/30) were mined from infodemiology platforms. The final hot words table was established by two-rounds of hot words screening and double-level hot words classification. Temporal distribution and demographic portraits of COVID-19 were queried by search trends service supplied from BI to perform the correlation analysis. Further, we used the parameter estimation to quantitatively forecast the geographical distribution of COVID-19 in the future. Results The final English-Chinese bilingual table was established including six domains and 32 subordinate hot words. According to the temporal distribution of domains and subordinate hot words in 2020 and 2021, the peaks of searching subordinate hot words and COVID-19 outbreak periods had significant temporal correlation and the subordinate hot words in COVID-19 Related and Territory domains were reliable for COVID-19 surveillance. Gender distribution results showed that Territory domain (the male proportion: 67.69%; standard deviation (SD): 5.88%) and Symptoms/Symptom and Public Health (the female proportion: 57.95%, 56.61%; SD: 0, 9.06%) domains were searched more by male and female groups respectively. The results of age distribution of hot words showed that people aged 20-50 (middle-aged people) had a higher online search intensity, and the group of 20-29, 30-39 years old focused more on Media and Symptoms/Symptom (proportion: 45.43%, 51.66%; SD: 15.37%, 16.59%) domains respectively. Finally, based on frequency rankings of searching hot words and confirmed cases in Mainland China, the epidemic situation of provinces and Chinese administrative divisions were divided into 5 levels of early-warning regions. Central, East and South China regions would be impacted again by the COVID-19 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Changqiao You
- NanHua Bio-medicine Co.,Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fenglin Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guo Peng
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiajie Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Daolong Xie
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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10
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Chu Y, Li W, Wang S, Jia G, Zhang Y, Dai H. Increasing public concern on insomnia during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: An info-demiology study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11830. [PMCID: PMC9681991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chu
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Centre for Mental Health Guidance, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guizhi Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Huang W, Cao B, Yang G, Luo N, Chao N. Turn to the Internet First? Using Online Medical Behavioral Data to Forecast COVID-19 Epidemic Trend. Inf Process Manag 2021; 58:102486. [PMID: 33519039 PMCID: PMC7836698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The surveillance and forecast of newly confirmed cases are important to mobilize medical resources and facilitate policymaking during a public health emergency. Digital surveillance using data available online has increasingly become a trend with the advancement of the Internet. In this study, we assessed the predictive value of multiple online medical behavioral data, including online medical consultation (OMC), online medical appointment (OMA), and online medical search (OMS) for the regional outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Shenzhen, China during January 1, 2020 to March 5, 2020. Multivariate vector autoregression models were used for the prediction. The results identified a novel predictor, OMC, which can forecast the disease trend up to 2 days ahead of the official reports of confirmed cases from the local health department. OMS data had relatively weaker predictive power than OMC in our model, and OMA data failed to predict the confirmed cases. This study highlights the importance of OMC data and has implication in providing evidence-based guidelines for local authorities to evaluate risks and allocate resources during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Huang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningzheng Luo
- Health 160, Shenzhen Ningyuan Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Naipeng Chao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Gong X, Han Y, Hou M, Guo R. Online Public Attention During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study Based on Baidu Index. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e23098. [PMID: 32960177 PMCID: PMC7584450 DOI: 10.2196/23098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global public health event, attracting worldwide attention. As a tool to monitor public awareness, internet search engines have been widely used in public health emergencies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to use online search data (Baidu Index) to monitor the public's attention and verify internet search engines' function in public attention monitoring of public health emergencies. METHODS We collected the Baidu Index and the case monitoring data from January 20, 2020, to April 20, 2020. We combined the Baidu Index of keywords related to COVID-19 to describe the public attention's temporal trend and spatial distribution, and conducted the time lag cross-correlation analysis. RESULTS The Baidu Index temporal trend indicated that the changes of the Baidu Index had a clear correspondence with the development time node of the pandemic. The Baidu Index spatial distribution showed that in the regions of central and eastern China, with denser populations, larger internet user bases, and higher economic development levels, the public was more concerned about COVID-19. In addition, the Baidu Index was significantly correlated with six case indicators of new confirmed cases, new death cases, new cured discharge cases, cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative death cases, and cumulative cured discharge cases. Moreover, the Baidu Index was 0-4 days earlier than new confirmed and new death cases, and about 20 days earlier than new cured and discharged cases while 3-5 days later than the change of cumulative cases. CONCLUSIONS The national public's demand for epidemic information is urgent regardless of whether it is located in the hardest hit area. The public was more sensitive to the daily new case data that represents the progress of the epidemic, but the public's attention to the epidemic situation in other areas may lag behind. We could set the Baidu Index as the sentinel and the database in the online infoveillance system for infectious disease and public health emergencies. According to the monitoring data, the government needs to prevent and control the possible outbreak in advance and communicate the risks to the public so as to ensure the physical and psychological health of the public in the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchi Hou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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