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Pati AB, Mishra TS, Chappity P, Venkateshan M, Pillai JSK. Use of Technology to Improve the Adherence to Surgical Safety Checklists in the Operating Room. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2023; 49:572-576. [PMID: 37198060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although checklists can improve safety in the operating room (OR), compliance with their use is variable. Use of a forcing function, a principle of human factors engineering, has not been reported earlier as a method of increasing checklist use. The authors conducted this study to determine the feasibility and effects of introducing a forcing function on OR surgical safety checklist implementation and adherence. METHODS The authors developed and introduced the use of an electronic version of the surgical safety checklist on an Android application, provided on a personal device available in the OR. This application was linked by Bluetooth to electrocautery equipment, which could not be started before the electronic checklist was completed on the screen of the personal device. In the same OR, retrospective data from use of the traditional (paper-based) checklist were compared with data from the new electronic checklist for frequency of use, and completeness (percentage of all checklist items completed) at three stages of the surgical process-sign-in, time-out, and sign-out. RESULTS The frequency of use was 100.0% for the electronic checklist, compared with 97.9% for the traditional checklist. The frequency of completeness was 27.1% for the traditional vs. 100.0% for the electronic (p < 0.001).The manual checklist's sign-out component was completed only 37.0% of the time. CONCLUSION Although checklist use in some form was already high with the traditional checklist, completion rate was low and significantly increased with the use of the electronic checklist with a forcing function.
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Jeon H, Kim S, Shon Y. Ethical issues in the operating room: A scoping review. Nurs Ethics 2023:9697330231197704. [PMID: 37769689 DOI: 10.1177/09697330231197704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the patients receiving care in the operating room, it emphasizes that the ethical behavior and attitude of health professionals should be aligned with patients' basic human rights. Surgical ethics may provide an ethical alternative in a specific operating room context. However, it is unclear how actively research is being conducted in this regard. AIM This study determines the direction of future research by identifying ethical issues experienced in the operating room. METHOD This scoping review is based on the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley in 2005. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, WOS, Cochrane, KISS, and KMbase databases were searched from January 2012 to May 2022. Two researchers independently screened the searched articles by reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Consequently, 19 studies were selected. FINDINGS Five categories were identified: Professional ethics, Organizational ethics, Patients' rights, Patient safety, and Allocating resources. The derived categories covered all the same content as the International Council of Nurses' (ICN) code of ethics, with the exception of one element, that is, global health. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights ethical issues in the operating theatre and emphasizes the need for individual and organizational strategies aligned with the ICN code of ethics. Future research should cover a wider range of issues, employ diverse perspectives and methodologies, and enhance ethical practices to improve understanding and ethical practices in the field.
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Montgomery A, Lainidi O, Johnson J, Creese J, Baathe F, Baban A, Bhattacharjee A, Carter M, Dellve L, Doherty E, Jendeby MK, Morgan K, Srivastava M, Thompson N, Tyssen R, Vohra V. Employee silence in health care: Charting new avenues for leadership and management. Health Care Manage Rev 2023; 48:52-60. [PMID: 35713571 DOI: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ISSUE Health care management is faced with a basic conundrum about organizational behavior; why do professionals who are highly dedicated to their work choose to remain silent on critical issues that they recognize as being professionally and organizationally significant? Speaking-up interventions in health care achieve disappointing outcomes because of a professional and organizational culture that is not supportive. CRITICAL THEORETICAL ANALYSIS Our understanding of the different types of employee silence is in its infancy, and more ethnographic and qualitative work is needed to reveal the complex nature of silence in health care. We use the sensemaking theory to elucidate how the difficulties to overcoming silence in health care are interwoven in health care culture. INSIGHT/ADVANCE The relationship between withholding information and patient safety is complex, highlighting the need for differentiated conceptualizations of silence in health care. We present three Critical Challenge points to advance our understanding of silence and its roots by (1) challenging the predominance of psychological safety, (2) explaining how we operationalize sensemaking, and (3) transforming the role of clinical leaders as sensemakers who can recognize and reshape employee silence. These challenges also point to how employee silence can also result in a form of dysfunctional professionalism that supports maladaptive health care structures in practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Delineating the contextual factors that prompt employee silence and encourage speaking up among health care workers is crucial to addressing this issue in health care organizations. For clinical leaders, the challenge is to valorize behaviors that enhance adaptive and deep psychological safety among teams and within professions while modeling the sharing of information that leads to improvements in patient safety and quality of care.
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Daly Guris RJ, Lane-Fall MB. Checklists and cognitive aids: underutilized and under-researched tools to promote patient safety and optimize clinician performance. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2022; 35:723-727. [PMID: 36302211 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Checklists and other cognitive aids serve multiple purposes in the peri-operative setting and have become nearly ubiquitous in healthcare. This review lays out the evidence for their use, shortcomings and pitfalls to be aware of, and how technology and innovation may improve checklist and cognitive aid relevance and usability. RECENT FINDINGS It has been difficult to show a direct link between the use of checklists alone and patient outcomes, but simulation studies have repeatedly demonstrated an association between checklist or cognitive aid use and improved performance. When implemented as part of a bundle of interventions, checklists likely have a positive impact, but the benefit of checklists and other cognitive aids may be both context- and user dependent. Advances in technology and automation demonstrate promise, but usability, design, and implementation research in this area are necessary to maximize effectiveness. SUMMARY Cognitive aids like checklists are powerful tools in the perioperative and critical care setting. Further research and innovation may elevate what is possible by improving the usability and relevance of these tools, possibly translating into improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J Daly Guris
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Center for Leadership and Innovation in Medical Education
- Center for Simulation, Advanced Education and Innovation, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Meghan B Lane-Fall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tartaglia A, Matos MAA. Surgical safety checklist: fact or fake? einstein (São Paulo) 2022; 20:eCE0059. [PMID: 36102408 PMCID: PMC9469871 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ce0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Armstrong BA, Dutescu IA, Nemoy L, Bhavsar E, Carter DN, Ng KD, Boet S, Trbovich P, Palter V. Effect of the surgical safety checklist on provider and patient outcomes: a systematic review. BMJ Qual Saf 2022; 31:463-478. [PMID: 35393355 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-014361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being implemented for over a decade, literature describing how the surgical safety checklist (SSC) is completed by operating room (OR) teams and how this relates to its effectiveness is scarce. This systematic review aimed to: (1) quantify how many studies reported SSC completion versus described how the SSC was completed; (2) evaluate the impact of the SSC on provider outcomes (Communication, case Understanding, Safety Culture, CUSC), patient outcomes (complications, mortality rates) and moderators of these relationships. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science on 10 January 2020. We included providers who treat human patients and completed any type of SSC in any OR or simulation centre. Statistical directional findings were extracted for provider and patient outcomes and key factors (eg, attentiveness) were used to determine moderating effects. RESULTS 300 studies were included in the analysis comprising over 7 302 674 operations and 2 480 748 providers and patients. Thirty-eight per cent of studies provided at least some description of how the SSC was completed. Of the studies that described SSC completion, a clearer positive relationship was observed concerning the SSC's influence on provider outcomes (CUSC) compared with patient outcomes (complications and mortality), as well as related moderators. CONCLUSION There is a scarcity of research that examines how the SSC is completed and how this influences safety outcomes. Examining how a checklist is completed is critical for understanding why the checklist is successful in some instances and not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A Armstrong
- Surgery, International Centre for Surgical Safety, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ilinca A Dutescu
- Surgery, International Centre for Surgical Safety, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lori Nemoy
- Surgery, International Centre for Surgical Safety, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ekta Bhavsar
- Surgery, International Centre for Surgical Safety, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diana N Carter
- General Surgery, Milton District Hospital, Milton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sylvain Boet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Francophone Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Trbovich
- Surgery, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Palter
- Surgery, International Centre for Surgical Safety, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Fridrich A, Imhof A, Schwappach DLB. Compliance with the surgical safety checklist in Switzerland: an observational multicenter study based on self-reported data. Patient Saf Surg 2022; 16:17. [PMID: 35614454 PMCID: PMC9131675 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-022-00327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since publication of the surgical safety checklist by the WHO in 2009, it has been introduced in many hospitals. However, frequency and quality of surgical safety checklist use is often low probably limiting the effectiveness of the checklist in preventing patient harm. The focus of this study was to examine the current state of compliance with the surgical safety checklist in Switzerland and to evaluate how the data relates to international comparative data. Methods Between November 2020 and March 2021 twelve hospitals with 15 sites collected for at least 200 surgical interventions each whether the three sections of the surgical safety checklist (Sign In, Team Time Out, Sign Out) have been applied. This data collection was part of a large quality improvement project focusing on measuring and improving compliance with the surgical safety checklist via peer observation and feedback. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data; chi-square tests were used to compare sub-samples. Results The hospitals collected valid compliance data for 8622 surgical interventions. Mean compliance rate was 91% when distinguishing between the two categories applied (including partially applied) and not applied. In line with previous research, Sign In (93%) and Team Time Out (94%) sections have been applied more frequently than Sign Out (86%). All three surgical safety checklist sections have been applied in 79% of the surgical interventions, no sections in 1%. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the overall application of the surgical safety checklist in Switzerland can be considered high, although the completeness, especially of the Sign Out section, could be improved. At present, it seems difficult to compare compliance rates from different studies as measurement methods and definitions of compliance vary widely. A systematization and homogenization of the methodology within, but also beyond, national borders is desirable for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Fridrich
- Swiss Patient Safety Foundation, Asylstrasse 77, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anita Imhof
- Swiss Patient Safety Foundation, Asylstrasse 77, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David L B Schwappach
- Swiss Patient Safety Foundation, Asylstrasse 77, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Rydenfält C. Safety-II and the study of healthcare safety routines: Two paths forward for research. Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/25160435221102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Safety routines such as the WHO surgical safety checklist and SBAR have gained widespread attention and implementation in healthcare. However, there has also been criticism. With the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, the need for knowledge about how safety routines work in practice is larger than ever. In light of these obstacles, I suggest two approaches to the study of healthcare safety routines, based on a human factors perspective and a safety II mind-set that so far has gained little attention. The WHO surgical safety checklist, is used as an example. However, the suggestions presented here applies to other safety routines as well. The first approach is that instead of being preoccupied with what people do not do, investigate what they value with the routine . The perceived importance of different parts of the routine can expose the rationality behind the personnel's choice of actions when using the routine. Knowledge that could be used both to investigate the dynamics of everyday performance and for redesign and adjustment of the routine. The second approach is that instead of looking for failure, investigate and highlight when the routine works. Examples of when the routine works, i.e. avert adverse events, can be used both as positive reinforcement, and as an opportunity for learning with regards to everyday performance variability. Since a safety-II perspective is largely missing in the literature on healthcare safety routines, the two approaches suggested here comes with a huge potential for learning about how to improve safety.
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Stein R. Simple lighting system to improve compliance of surgical timeout. J Cataract Refract Surg 2022; 48:500-1. [PMID: 34661380 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Weinger
- Center for Research and Innovation in Systems Safety (CRISS) and the Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun K Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Arriaga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Center for Surgery and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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