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Soehner AM, Chase HW, Bertocci M, Greenberg T, Stiffler R, Lockovich JC, Aslam HA, Graur S, Bebko G, Phillips ML. Unstable wakefulness during resting-state fMRI and its associations with network connectivity and affective psychopathology in young adults. J Affect Disord 2019; 258:125-132. [PMID: 31401540 PMCID: PMC6710159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drifts between wakefulness and sleep are common during resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Among healthy adults, within-scanner sleep can impact functional connectivity of default mode (DMN), task-positive (TPN), and thalamo-cortical networks. Because dysfunctional arousal states (i.e., sleepiness, sleep disturbance) are common in affective disorders, individuals with affective psychopathology may be more prone to unstable wakefulness during rsfMRI, hampering the estimation of clinically meaningful functional connectivity biomarkers. METHODS A transdiagnostic sample of 150 young adults (68 psychologically distressed; 82 psychiatrically healthy) completed rsfMRI and reported whether they experienced within-scanner sleep. Symptom scales were reduced into depression/anxiety and mania proneness dimensions using principal component analysis. We evaluated associations between within-scanner sleep, clinical status, and functional connectivity of the DMN, TPN, and thalamus. RESULTS Within-scanner sleep during rsfMRI was reported by 44% of participants (n = 66) but was unrelated to psychiatric diagnoses or mood symptom severity (p-values > 0.05). Across all participants, self-reported within-scanner sleep was associated with connectivity signatures akin to objectively-assessed sleep, including lower within-DMN connectivity, lower DMN-TPN anti-correlation, and altered thalamo-cortical connectivity (p < 0.05, corrected). Among participants reporting sustained wakefulness (n = 84), depression/anxiety severity positively associated with averaged DMN-TPN connectivity and mania proneness negatively associated with averaged thalamus-DMN connectivity (p-values < 0.05). Both relationships were attenuated and became non-significant when participants reporting within-scanner sleep were included (p-values > 0.05). LIMITATIONS Subjective report of within-scanner sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings implicate within-scanner sleep as a source of variance in network connectivity; careful monitoring and correction for within-scanner sleep may enhance our ability to characterize network signatures underlying affective psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simona Graur
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Genna Bebko
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry
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Mangurian C, Niu GC, Schillinger D, Newcomer JW, Dilley J, Handley MA. Utilization of the Behavior Change Wheel framework to develop a model to improve cardiometabolic screening for people with severe mental illness. Implement Sci 2017; 12:134. [PMID: 29137666 PMCID: PMC5686815 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with severe mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) die 10–25 years earlier than the general population, primarily from premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Contributing factors are complex, but include systemic-related factors of poorly integrated primary care and mental health services. Although evidence-based models exist for integrating mental health care into primary care settings, the evidence base for integrating medical care into specialty mental health settings is limited. Such models are referred to as “reverse” integration. In this paper, we describe the application of an implementation science framework in designing a model to improve CVD outcomes for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) who receive services in a community mental health setting. Methods Using principles from the theory of planned behavior, focus groups were conducted to understand stakeholder perspectives of barriers to CVD risk factor screening and treatment identify potential target behaviors. We then applied results to the overarching Behavior Change Wheel framework, a systematic and theory-driven approach that incorporates the COM-B model (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior), to build an intervention to improve CVD risk factor screening and treatment for people with SMI. Results Following a stepped approach from the Behavior Change Wheel framework, a model to deliver primary preventive care for people that use community mental health settings as their de facto health home was developed. The CRANIUM (cardiometabolic risk assessment and treatment through a novel integration model for underserved populations with mental illness) model focuses on engaging community psychiatrists to expand their scope of practice to become responsible for CVD risk, with significant clinical decision support. Conclusion The CRANIUM model was designed by integrating behavioral change theory and implementation theory. CRANIUM is feasible to implement, is highly acceptable to, and targets provider behavior change, and is replicable and efficient for helping to integrate primary preventive care services in community mental health settings. CRANIUM can be scaled up to increase CVD preventive care delivery and ultimately improve health outcomes among people with SMI served within a public mental health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mangurian
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF at Zuckerberg San Francisco General (ZSFG), 1001 Potrero Avenue, 7M8, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. .,UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations at ZSFG, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Grace C Niu
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF at Zuckerberg San Francisco General (ZSFG), 1001 Potrero Avenue, 7M8, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Dean Schillinger
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations at ZSFG, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine at ZSFG, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1320A, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - John W Newcomer
- Department of Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, BC-71 Rm 241, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - James Dilley
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF at Zuckerberg San Francisco General (ZSFG), 1001 Potrero Avenue, 7M8, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Margaret A Handley
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations at ZSFG, San Francisco, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine at ZSFG, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1320A, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,UCSF Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 64158, USA
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