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Decker H, Wendel M. Applications of Participatory System Dynamics Methods to Public Health: A Systematic Review. Fam Community Health 2023; 46:S6-S21. [PMID: 37696012 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
System dynamics, and specifically qualitative participatory applications of system dynamics, have potential to benefit public health research, scholarship, and practice. A systematic review was conducted to examine the existing applications of participatory system dynamics (PSD) to public health research. Three databases were searched using unique search terms related to PSD and methodological applications in public health research. A total of 57 unique articles met inclusion criteria and were included for review. The studies included for review were conducted globally and represent a wide breadth of public health issues. The review identified several advantages to adopting PSD methods in public health scholarship and practice. The PSD methods provide innovative frameworks for conceptualizing complex and nuanced public health problems. The participatory nature of PSD allows for increased community engagement and empowerment to address public health problems, as well as to mitigate existing power dynamics between research institutions and marginalized communities that are disproportionately impacted by social and health inequities. Finally, causal loop diagrams developed using PSD methods have unique potential to convey complex concepts to policy makers and interventionists. This systematic review reports evidence for PSD's potential to advance equity in public health research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Decker
- Health Equity Innovation Hub, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (Ms Decker); and Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, and Health Equity Innovation Hub, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Wendel)
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Shore E, DeLong R, Powell E, Register-Mihalik J, Stearns R, Koester MC, Kucera K. Pedestrian Safety Among High School Runners: A Case Series. Sports Health 2023; 15:633-637. [PMID: 36154338 PMCID: PMC10467471 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in high school cross-country and track has increased over the last few decades. At the same time, the rate of pedestrian-involved motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) has also increased. In the context of organized sport, pedestrian safety among runners is often not highlighted, despite the risk of catastrophic injury. PURPOSE To describe incidents of pedestrian-involved MVCs involving student athletes captured by the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research (NCCSIR) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. STUDY DESIGN Case series. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5. METHODS This study utilized surveillance data from the NCCSIR from 2011 to 2020. It presents descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, detailed summaries, and a Haddon Matrix. RESULTS There were 8 incidents involving 11 student athletes, resulting in 9 fatalities. Of these, 5 cases occurred in the afternoon or early evening, 4 occurred in the Fall, and 6 occurred in a rural area. Haddon Matrix analyses of case descriptions indicate schools should implement a runner safety program for all new runners and ensure that runner safety measures are included in emergency action plans. CONCLUSION Runner-related MVCs are relatively rare, but tragic, incidents. Pedestrian safety measures should be incorporated into school-sponsored practices and training runs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pedestrian safety should be incorporated into runner safety and injury prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Shore
- National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Randi DeLong
- National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elaine Powell
- National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Johna Register-Mihalik
- National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Mathhew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Stearns
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | - Kristen Kucera
- National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Estrada-Magbanua WM, Huang TTK, Lounsbury DW, Zito P, Iftikhar P, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Wu E, Lee BY, Mateu-Gelabert P, S. Sabounchi N. Application of group model building in implementation research: A systematic review of the public health and healthcare literature. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284765. [PMID: 37590193 PMCID: PMC10434911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group model building is a process of engaging stakeholders in a participatory modeling process to elicit their perceptions of a problem and explore concepts regarding the origin, contributing factors, and potential solutions or interventions to a complex issue. Recently, it has emerged as a novel method for tackling complex, long-standing public health issues that traditional intervention models and frameworks cannot fully address. However, the extent to which group model building has resulted in the adoption of evidence-based practices, interventions, and policies for public health remains largely unstudied. The goal of this systematic review was to examine the public health and healthcare applications of GMB in the literature and outline how it has been used to foster implementation and dissemination of evidence-based interventions. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases through August 2022 for studies related to public health or health care where GMB was cited as a main methodology. We did not eliminate studies based on language, location, or date of publication. Three reviewers independently extracted data on GMB session characteristics, model attributes, and dissemination formats and content. RESULTS Seventy-two studies were included in the final review. Majority of GMB activities were in the fields of nutrition (n = 19, 26.4%), health care administration (n = 15, 20.8%), and environmental health (n = 12, 16.7%), and were conducted in the United States (n = 29, 40.3%) and Australia (n = 7, 9.7%). Twenty-three (31.9%) studies reported that GMB influenced implementation through policy change, intervention development, and community action plans; less than a third reported dissemination of the model outside journal publication. GMB was reported to have increased insight, facilitated consensus, and fostered communication among stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS GMB is associated with tangible benefits to participants, including increased community engagement and development of systems solutions. Transdisciplinary stakeholder involvement and more rigorous evaluation and dissemination of GMB activities are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weanne Myrrh Estrada-Magbanua
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Terry T.-K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Division of Health Behavior Research and Implementation Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Priscila Zito
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pulwasha Iftikhar
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elwin Wu
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bruce Y. Lee
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pedro Mateu-Gelabert
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nasim S. Sabounchi
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
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Evenson KR, LaJeunesse S, Keefe E, Naumann RB. Mixed-methods approach to describing Vision Zero initiatives in United States' municipalities. Accid Anal Prev 2023; 184:107012. [PMID: 36848752 PMCID: PMC10594405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vision Zero (VZ) aims to reduce fatalities and serious injuries from road traffic crashes to zero through a Safe Systems approach. Little is known about the extent of uptake of VZ in the United States (US), or the attributes and functioning of the initiatives. Using a mixed-methods design, our objectives were to describe the status of VZ implementation and characteristics of those initiatives among US municipalities. Websites of all US municipalities with a population of at least 50,000 (n = 788) were searched to identify involvement in VZ. When initiatives were identified, we abstracted information from their website and other published documents, using a comprehensive framework of best practice VZ components. From the VZ initiatives identified, we interviewed representatives from 12 municipalities with diversity by region of the country, population size, and VZ implementation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes. Through systematic web-based searching, we identified 86 of 788 (10.9%) municipalities with a VZ initiative. Among 314 larger municipalities (population >=100,000), 68 (21.7%) were identified. Among 476 medium-size municipalities (population of 50,000-99,999), 18 (3.8%) were identified. VZ initiatives began as early as 2014, starting with larger municipalities, and followed in 2015 with medium-size municipalities. Among the VZ initiatives, 58 (67.4%) recorded a vision statement, with 51 (59.3%) setting a target year to reach zero deaths. Thirty-nine (45.3%) had published VZ plans, with another 22 (25.6%) working towards a plan. Twenty-five initiatives (29.1%) shared resources across stakeholder groups, such as funding or staff. Forty-six initiatives (53.5%) had an established coalition, and 18 (20.9%) proposed or were developing a coalition. Twenty-six initiatives (30.2%) provided regular updates or evaluation on progress towards performance metrics, but only 4 (4.7%) had implemented a performance management system to regularly track progress on VZ-related actions. The interviews provided further context and a more detailed understanding of results. Documenting the characteristics of VZ initiatives among US municipalities can contribute to an understanding of current practice, potential opportunities to support ongoing initiatives, and information to assist new initiatives. Ultimately, the impact of municipal-level VZ efforts should be evaluated with regards to traffic-related serious injuries and fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Seth LaJeunesse
- Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elyse Keefe
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Felmingham T, Backholer K, Hoban E, Brown AD, Nagorcka-Smith P, Allender S. Success of community-based system dynamics in prevention interventions: A systematic review of the literature. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1103834. [PMID: 37033017 PMCID: PMC10080052 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems thinking approaches are increasingly being used to help communities understand and develop responses to preventing complex health problems. Less is known about how success is characterized and what influences success in these approaches. We present a systematic review of how concepts of success are understood and evaluated in the peer reviewed literature of studies using systems thinking in community prevention. We searched five databases for peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2022, with search terms related to systems thinking, prevention and community. Studies were included if they; reported using community-based systems thinking to prevent a public health problem; described the engagement and empowerment of community members to address a public health issue; and, were published in English. Thirty-four articles were identified from 10 countries. Twenty-one aimed to prevent a chronic disease (e.g., obesity) and 16 measured success using specific tools, 10 of which used semi-structured interviews or surveys. Measures of success included implementation processes, cultural appropriateness, the number or type of actions implemented, effectiveness of community action, and changes in individual thinking or mental models, population health outcomes, data collected, or systems level measures. Implementation factors influencing success included the capacity to engage participants, composition and experience of facilitators, strength of coordination teams, allocation of resources, adaptation to participant feedback, use of multiple systems approaches, workshop process providing time and methods to allow new insights, flexible delivery, and diversity of perspectives. Findings from each of the articles indicated that approaches increased a range of outcomes including community action, strategic thinking, future planning and evaluation, community buy-in, community voice, contribution and leadership, in addition to developing shared visions and goals and creating new, ongoing collaborations, among many others. Measures of success varied, suggesting more empirical reporting of proposed outcomes of system science in communities would be valuable. While the measurement of success in the use of systems thinking in community-based prevention efforts is limited, there are helpful examples we can look to for future measurement of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana Felmingham
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tiana Felmingham,
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hoban
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Brown
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Phoebe Nagorcka-Smith
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Naumann RB, Sabounchi NS, Kuhlberg J, Singichetti B, Marshall SW, Hassmiller Lich K. Simulating congestion pricing policy impacts on pedestrian safety using a system dynamics approach. Accid Anal Prev 2022; 171:106662. [PMID: 35413616 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on congestion pricing policy (CPP) impacts has generally focused on the economic and congestion-related benefits of CPPs. Few studies have examined safety effects and the interrelated factors that produce safety outcomes for vulnerable road users. We built a novel system dynamics simulation model to explore the potential mechanisms producing pedestrian injuries over time and the impacts of a CPP (and related interventions) on this trend. We found that pedestrian injury trends varied based on important decisions related to how the CPP is designed, including investments in potential safety-related supports for pedestrians. Infrastructure improvements and speed management interventions could help cities achieve both congestion-relieving goals while also improving safety. Additionally, certain CPP configurations (e.g., additional charges on for-hire vehicles) could further reduce daily vehicle trips and congestion but might lead to unintended negative safety consequences of greater pedestrian injuries. This is the first model to provide a holistic and endogenous look at how interconnected processes affecting congestion and CPP impacts also affect vulnerable road user safety. The use of system dynamics models can facilitate a holistic inspection of potential intended and unintended effects across a range of outcomes, prior to policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Nasim S Sabounchi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Systems and Community Design, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, USA
| | - Jill Kuhlberg
- System Stars, LLC and Formerly, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bhavna Singichetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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McClure RJ. Injury prevention: maturation of the field. Inj Prev 2020; 26:403. [PMID: 32958565 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roderick J McClure
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Maine, Australia
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