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Aragón-Serrano L, Carrillo-Serradell L, Planells-Romeo V, Isamat M, Velasco-de Andrés M, Lozano F. CD6 and Its Interacting Partners: Newcomers to the Block of Cancer Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17510. [PMID: 38139340 PMCID: PMC10743954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer management still requires more potent and safer treatments, of which immunomodulatory receptors on the lymphocyte surface have started to show promise in new cancer immunotherapies (e.g., CTLA-4 and PD-1). CD6 is a signal-transducing transmembrane receptor, mainly expressed by all T cells and some B and NK cell subsets, whose endogenous ligands (CD166/ALCAM, CD318/CDCP-1, Galectins 1 and 3) are overexpressed by malignant cells of different lineages. This places CD6 as a potential target for novel therapies against haematological and non-haematological malignancies. Recent experimental evidence for the role of CD6 in cancer immunotherapies is summarised in this review, dealing with diverse and innovative strategies from the classical use of monoclonal antibodies to soluble recombinant decoys or the adoptive transfer of immune cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Aragón-Serrano
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (L.C.-S.); (V.P.-R.); (M.V.-d.A.)
| | - Laura Carrillo-Serradell
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (L.C.-S.); (V.P.-R.); (M.V.-d.A.)
| | - Violeta Planells-Romeo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (L.C.-S.); (V.P.-R.); (M.V.-d.A.)
| | - Marcos Isamat
- Sepsia Therapeutics S.L., 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (L.C.-S.); (V.P.-R.); (M.V.-d.A.)
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (L.C.-S.); (V.P.-R.); (M.V.-d.A.)
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Casadó‐Llombart S, Ajami T, Consuegra‐Fernández M, Carreras E, Aranda F, Armiger N, Alcaraz A, Mengual L, Lozano F. Gene variation impact on prostate cancer progression: Lymphocyte modulator, activation, and cell adhesion gene variant contribution. Prostate 2022; 82:1331-1337. [PMID: 35767366 PMCID: PMC9542726 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The view of prostate cancer (PCa) progression as a result of the interaction of epithelial cancer cells with the host's immune system is supported by the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TILs fate and interaction with the tumor microenvironment is mediated by accessory molecules such as CD5 and CD6, two signal-transducing coreceptors involved in fine-tuning of T cell responses. While the nature of the CD5 ligand is still controversial, CD6 binds CD166/ALCAM, a cell adhesion molecule involved in progression and dissemination of epithelial cancers, including PCa. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of CD5, CD6, and CD166/ALCAM gene variants in PCa. METHODS Functionally relevant CD5 (rs2241002 and rs2229177), CD6 (rs17824933, rs11230563, and rs12360861) and CD166/ALCAM (rs6437585, rs579565, rs1044243, and rs35271455) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in germline DNA samples from 376 PCa patients. Their association with PCa prognostic factors, namely biochemical recurrence (BCR) and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade was analyzed by generalized linear models and survival analyses. RESULT Proportional hazards regression showed that the minor CD6 rs12360861AA and CD166/ALCAM rs579565AA genotypes were associated with earlier BCR, with hazard ratios of 2.65 (95% CI: 1.39-5.05, p = 0.003) and 1.86, (95% CI: 1.02-3.39, p = 0.043), respectively. Individually, none of the analyzed SNPs was significantly associated with ISUP grade, but haplotype analyses revealed association of the CD5 rs2241002C -rs2229177T haplotype with ISUP grade ≥2, with odds ratio of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.05-2.21, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION The results show the impact on PCa aggressiveness and recurrence brought about by gene variants involved in modulation of lymphocyte activation (CD5, CD6) and immune-epithelial cell adhesion (CD166/ALCAM) in PCa aggressiveness and recurrence, thus supporting a role for host immune response in PCa pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Casadó‐Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i AdaptatiuInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Tarek Ajami
- Laboratori i Servei d'UrologiaHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Consuegra‐Fernández
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i AdaptatiuInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Esther Carreras
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i AdaptatiuInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i AdaptatiuInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Noelia Armiger
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i AdaptatiuInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratori i Servei d'UrologiaHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Genètica i tumors urològicsInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Laboratori i Servei d'UrologiaHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Genètica i tumors urològicsInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i AdaptatiuInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Genètica i tumors urològicsInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic BiomèdicHospital Clínic de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Molecular characterization of ESR1 variants in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:279-289. [PMID: 36125660 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations and fusions typically arise in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer after aromatase inhibitor therapy, whereby ESR1 is constitutively activated in a ligand-independent manner. These variants can impact treatment response. Herein, we characterize ESR1 variants among molecularly profiled advanced breast cancers. METHODS DNA next-generation sequencing (592-gene panel) data from 9860 breast cancer samples were retrospectively reviewed. Gene fusions were detected using the ArcherDx fusion assay or whole transcriptome sequencing (n = 344 and n = 4305, respectively). Statistical analyses included Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS An ESR1 ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutation was detected in 8.6% of tumors evaluated and a pathogenic ESR1 fusion was detected in 1.6%. Most ESR1 LBD mutations/fusions were from estrogen receptor (ER)-positive samples (20.1% and 4.9%, respectively). The most common ESR1 LBD mutations included D538G (3.3%), Y537S (2.3%), and E380Q (1.1%) mutations. Among biopsy sites, ESR1 LBD mutations were most observed in liver metastases. Pathogenic ESR1 fusions were identified in 76 samples (1.6%) with 40 unique fusion partners. Evaluating co-alterations, ESR1 variant (mutation/fusion) samples more frequently expressed androgen receptor (78.0% vs 58.6, P < 0.0001) and less frequently immune checkpoint proteins than ESR1 wild-type (PD-1 20.0% vs 53.4, P < 0.05; immune cell PD-L1 10.0% vs 30.2, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION We have described one of the largest series of ESR1 fusions reported. ESR1 LBD mutations were commonly identified in ER-positive disease. Limited data exists regarding the clinical impact of ESR1 fusions, which could be an area for future therapeutic exploration.
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Rajasinghe LD, Bates MA, Benninghoff AD, Wierenga KA, Harkema JR, Pestka JJ. Silica Induction of Diverse Inflammatory Proteome in Lungs of Lupus-Prone Mice Quelled by Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:781446. [PMID: 35126352 PMCID: PMC8813772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated short-term intranasal instillation of lupus-prone mice with crystalline silica (cSiO2) induces inflammatory gene expression and ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in the lung, leading to early onset of systemic autoimmunity and rapid progression to glomerulonephritis. These responses are suppressed by dietary supplementation with the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary DHA supplementation suppresses cSiO2-induced inflammatory proteins in bronchoalveolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma of lupus-prone mice. Archived tissue fluid samples were used from a prior investigation in which 6 wk-old lupus-prone female NZBWF1 mice were fed isocaloric diets containing 0 or 10 g/kg DHA for 2 wks and then intranasally instilled with 1 mg cSiO2 or vehicle once weekly for 4 wks. Cohorts were terminated at 1, 5, 9 or 13 wk post-instillation (PI). BALF and plasma from each cohort were analyzed by high density multiplex array profiling of 200 inflammatory proteins. cSiO2 time-dependently induced increases in the BALF protein signatures that were highly reflective of unresolved lung inflammation, although responses in the plasma were much less robust. Induced proteins in BALF included chemokines (e.g., MIP-2, MCP-5), enzymes (e.g., MMP-10, granzyme B), adhesion molecules (e.g., sE-selectin, sVCAM-1), co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., sCD40L, sCD48), TNF superfamily proteins (e.g., sTNFRI, sBAFF-R), growth factors (e.g., IGF-1, IGFBP-3), and signal transduction proteins (e.g., MFG-E8, FcgRIIB), many of which were blocked or delayed by DHA supplementation. The BALF inflammatory proteome correlated positively with prior measurements of gene expression, pulmonary ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and induction of autoantibodies in the lungs of the control and treatment groups. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were among the top upstream regulators of the cSiO2-induced protein response. Furthermore, DHA's effects were associated with downregulation of cSiO2-induced pathways involving i) inhibition of ARE-mediated mRNA decay, ii) bacterial and viral pattern recognition receptor activation, or iii) TREM1, STAT3, NF-κB, and VEGF signaling and with upregulation of PPAR, LXR/RXR and PPARα/RXRα signaling. Altogether, these preclinical findings further support the contention that dietary DHA supplementation could be applicable as an intervention against inflammation-driven autoimmune triggering by cSiO2 or potentially other environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichchavi D. Rajasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Melissa A. Bates
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Wierenga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jack R. Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Ruth JH, Gurrea-Rubio M, Athukorala KS, Rasmussen SM, Weber DP, Randon PM, Gedert RJ, Lind ME, Amin MA, Campbell PL, Tsou PS, Mao-Draayer Y, Wu Q, Lanigan TM, Keshamouni VG, Singer NG, Lin F, Fox DA. CD6 is a target for cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145662. [PMID: 33497367 PMCID: PMC8021120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations of checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy include induction of autoimmune syndromes and resistance of many cancers. Since CD318, a novel CD6 ligand, is associated with the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of human cancers, we tested the effect of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, UMCD6, on killing of cancer cells by human lymphocytes. UMCD6 augmented killing of breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells through direct effects on both CD8+ T cells and NK cells, increasing cancer cell death and lowering cancer cell survival in vitro more robustly than monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitors that interrupt the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. UMCD6 also augmented in vivo killing by human peripheral blood lymphocytes of a human breast cancer line xenotransplanted into immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, UMCD6 upregulated the expression of the activating receptor NKG2D and downregulated expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A on both NK cells and CD8+ T cells, with concurrent increases in perforin and granzyme B production. The combined capability of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody to control autoimmunity through effects on CD4+ lymphocyte differentiation while enhancing killing of cancer cells through distinct effects on CD8+ and NK cells opens a potential new approach to cancer immunotherapy that would suppress rather than instigate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | | | - Nora G Singer
- Case Western Reserve University.,Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Velasco-de Andrés M, Casadó-Llombart S, Català C, Leyton-Pereira A, Lozano F, Aranda F. Soluble CD5 and CD6: Lymphocytic Class I Scavenger Receptors as Immunotherapeutic Agents. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122589. [PMID: 33287301 PMCID: PMC7761703 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 and CD6 are closely related signal-transducing class I scavenger receptors mainly expressed on lymphocytes. Both receptors are involved in the modulation of the activation and differentiation cell processes triggered by clonotypic antigen-specific receptors present on T and B cells (TCR and BCR, respectively). To serve such a relevant immunomodulatory function, the extracellular region of CD5 and CD6 interacts with soluble and/or cell-bound endogenous counterreceptors but also microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Evidence from genetically-modified mouse models indicates that the absence or blockade of CD5- and CD6-mediated signals results in dysregulated immune responses, which may be deleterious or advantageous in some pathological conditions, such as infection, cancer or autoimmunity. Bench to bedside translation from transgenic data is constrained by ethical concerns which can be overcome by exogenous administration of soluble proteins acting as decoy receptors and leading to transient “functional knockdown”. This review gathers information currently available on the therapeutic efficacy of soluble CD5 and CD6 receptor infusion in different experimental models of disease. The existing proof-of-concept warrants the interest of soluble CD5 and CD6 as safe and efficient immunotherapeutic agents in diverse and relevant pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Alejandra Leyton-Pereira
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
- Servei d’Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Immunoregulació de la Resposta Innata i Adaptativa, Department de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.A.)
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Hacker UT, Bentler M, Kaniowska D, Morgan M, Büning H. Towards Clinical Implementation of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Cancer Gene Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1889. [PMID: 32674264 PMCID: PMC7409174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have gained tremendous attention as in vivo delivery systems in gene therapy for inherited monogenetic diseases. First market approvals, excellent safety data, availability of large-scale production protocols, and the possibility to tailor the vector towards optimized and cell-type specific gene transfer offers to move from (ultra) rare to common diseases. Cancer, a major health burden for which novel therapeutic options are urgently needed, represents such a target. We here provide an up-to-date overview of the strategies which are currently developed for the use of AAV vectors in cancer gene therapy and discuss the perspectives for the future translation of these pre-clinical approaches into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich T. Hacker
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Bentler
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dorota Kaniowska
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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