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Okawara T, Kawano R, Morita H, Finkelstein A, Toyofuku R, Matsumoto K, Takehara K, Nagamura T, Iwasa S, Kumar S. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photoluminescent Properties of 3,3',4,4'-Tetraethyl-5,5'-divinyl-2,2'-bipyrrole Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111816. [PMID: 29072593 PMCID: PMC6150395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent divinylbipyrroles were synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′-tetraetyl-2,2′-bipyrrole-5,5′-dicarboxaldehyde and activated methylene compounds via aldol condensation. For mechanistic clarity, molecular structures of Meldrum’s acid- and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid-derived divinylbipyrroles were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Photoluminescent properties of the synthesized divinylbipyrroles in dichloromethane were found to be dependent on the presence of electron withdrawing groups at the vinylic terminal. The divinylbipyrroles derived from malononitrile, Meldrum’s acid, and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid showed fluorescent peaks at 553, 576, and 602 nm respectively. Computational studies indicated that the alkyl substituents on the bipyrrole 3 and 3′ positions increased energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) compared to the unsubstituted derivatives and provided rationale for the bathochromic shift of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra compared to the previously reported analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okawara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Reo Kawano
- Advanced School of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Morita
- Advanced School of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Alan Finkelstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, NY 11367, USA.
| | - Renjiro Toyofuku
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Kanako Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Nagamura
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Sanjai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, NY 11367, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry and Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Anguera
- Grup d’Enginyeria
de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria
de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
A large number of porphyrinoids containing 2,2'-bipyrrole subunits have appeared since they were originally found as a component of sapphyrin and corrole, and it was found that the bipyrrole subunit endowed macrocycles with specific geometric features and electronic properties. Synthetic methods for bipyrrole-containing precursors for porphyrinoid are summarized in this review; these include coupling reactions of pyrrole rings, pyrrole ring-forming reactions leading directly to bipyrrole units, and synthetic reactions for oligopyrrolic compounds. Some hybrid oligopyrroles having nonpyrrole (hetero)aromatic ring(s) are also included. This review also describes porphyrinoids composed of bipyrrole subunits. Interesting electronic properties derived from strong cyclo-π-conjugation are highlighted in the bipyrrole-based porphyrinoids with or without meso-like carbons. Anion-binding chemistry is one of the main topics for bipyrrole-based macrocycles with less efficient or deficient cyclo-π-conjugation, such as those linked with electronically localized aromatic ring(s), with sp3 carbon(s), and with amido or imine connection(s). The principal concern in this review is porphyrinoids of relatively large ring size, composed of more than five units of pyrroles and (hetero)aromatic substitutes in total, and so bipyrrole-based porphyrinoids up to five pyrrolic units, such as corroles, porphycenes, sapphyrins, and smaragdyrin, will not be covered here except for some special cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Setsune
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Kawano R, Kato T, Fukuda R, Okawara T, Takehara K, Nagamura T. Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopy of Green to Yellow Fluorescent Divinylbipyrroles. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reo Kawano
- Advanced School of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu College; Shi-i 5-20-1 Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Japan 802-0985
| | - Tamami Kato
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu College; Shi-i 5-20-1 Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Japan 802-0985
| | - Ryu Fukuda
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu College; Shi-i 5-20-1 Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Japan 802-0985
| | - Toru Okawara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu College; Shi-i 5-20-1 Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Japan 802-0985
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu College; Shi-i 5-20-1 Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Japan 802-0985
| | - Toshihiko Nagamura
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu College; Shi-i 5-20-1 Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Japan 802-0985
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Okawara T, Doi A, Ono T, Abe M, Takehara K, Hisaeda Y, Matsushima S. Synthesis and X-ray crystallography of bipyrroles: impacts of a CO–π interaction on their structure. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Damian Myśliwiec
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Various dipyrroles possess important motifs for construction of pyrrole-containing pigments. A series of 1,2-dipyrrolylethynes (4a-d) has been efficiently synthesized using an improved one-pot double Sonagashira coupling from trimethylsilylethyne and various 2-iodopyrroles. The resulting 1,2-dipyrrolylethynes were further transformed into novel indolyl-, ethenyl- and carboranyl-dipyrroles (5-7) using the Larock indole synthesis, stereoselective catalytic hydrogenation, or B(10)H(14). Indolyl-dipyrroles were found to selectively bind fluoride ions using one pyrrolic and the indolyl NHs, whereas the carboranyl- and ethenyl-dipyrroles are potentially valuable precursors for the synthesis of porphyrin isomers and expanded pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary K. Tanui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Erhong Hao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids and Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Moses I. Ihachi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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