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Köstlin-Gille N, Serna-Higuita LM, Bubser C, Arand J, Haag L, Schwarz CE, Heideking M, Poets CF, Gille C. Early initiation of antibiotic therapy and short-term outcomes in preterm infants: a single-centre retrospective cohort analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:623-630. [PMID: 37137680 PMCID: PMC10646875 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the most important complications in preterm infants. For this reason, many such infants receive antibiotics during their hospital stay. However, early antibiotic therapy has also been associated with adverse outcome. It is yet largely unclear if the time of onset of antibiotic therapy influences the outcome. We here investigated whether the timing of initiation of antibiotic therapy plays a role in the association between antibiotic exposure and short-term outcome. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from 1762 very low birthweight infants born in a German neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2004 and December 2021. RESULTS Antibiotics were administered to 1214 of the 1762 (68.9%) infants. In 973 (55.2%) of the 1762 of infants, antibiotic therapy was initiated within the first two postnatal days. Only 548 (31.1%) infants did not have any antibiotic prescription during their stay in the NICU. Antibiotic exposure at every timepoint was associated with an increased risk of all short-term outcomes analysed in univariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, initiation of antibiotic therapy within the first two postnatal days and initiation between postnatal days 3 and 6 was independently associated with an increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (OR 3.1 and 2.8), while later initiation of antibiotic therapy was not. CONCLUSION Very early initiation of antibiotic therapy was associated with an increased risk of BPD. Due to the study design, no conclusions on causality can be drawn. If confirmed, our data suggest that an improved identification of infants at low risk of early-onset sepsis is needed to reduce antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Maria Serna-Higuita
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caren Bubser
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Joerg Arand
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Laura Haag
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Heideking
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Christian F Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
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Staude B, Gschwendtner S, Frodermann T, Oehmke F, Kohl T, Kublik S, Schloter M, Ehrhardt H. Microbial signatures in amniotic fluid at preterm birth and association with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respir Res 2023; 24:248. [PMID: 37845700 PMCID: PMC10577941 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome dysbiosis can have long-lasting effects on our health and induce the development of various diseases. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease with pre- and postnatal origins including intra-amniotic infection as main risk factor. Recently, postnatal pathologic lung microbiota colonization was associated with BPD. The objectives of this prospective observational cohort study were to describe differences in bacterial signatures in the amniotic fluid (AF) of intact pregnancies without clinical signs or risk of preterm delivery and AF samples obtained during preterm deliveries and their variations between different BPD disease severity stages. METHODS AF samples were collected under sterile conditions during fetal intervention from intact pregnancies (n = 17) or immediately before preterm delivery < 32 weeks (n = 126). Metabarcoding based approaches were used for the molecular assessment of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to describe bacterial community structure. RESULTS The absolute amount of 16S rRNA genes was significantly increased in AF of preterm deliveries and detailed profiling revealed a reduced alpha diversity and a significant change in beta diversity with a reduced relative abundance of 16S rRNA genes indicative for Lactobacillus and Acetobacter while Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, Ureaplasma and Staphylococcus 16S rRNA gene prevailed. Although classification of BPD by disease severity revealed equivalent absolute 16S rRNA gene abundance and alpha and beta diversity in no, mild and moderate/severe BPD groups, for some 16S rRNA genes differences were observed in AF samples. Bacterial signatures of infants with moderate/severe BPD showed predominance of 16S rRNA genes belonging to the Escherichia-Shigella cluster while Ureaplasma and Enterococcus species were enriched in AF samples of infants with mild BPD. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified distinct and diverse intrauterine 16S rRNA gene patterns in preterm infants immediately before birth, differing from the 16S rRNA gene signature of intact pregnancies. The distinct 16S rRNA gene signatures at birth derive from bacteria with varying pathogenicity to the immature lung and are suited to identify preterm infants at risk. Our results emphasize the prenatal impact to the origins of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Staude
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus Liebig University and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Gschwendtner
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tina Frodermann
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus Liebig University and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Oehmke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Fetal Surgery and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DZFT), University of Mannheim (UMM), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Kublik
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus Liebig University and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Chen CM, Yang YCSH, Chou HC, Lin S. Intranasal administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by modulating gut microbiota in neonatal mice. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:57. [PMID: 37517995 PMCID: PMC10388480 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplemental oxygen impairs lung development in newborn infants with respiratory distress. Lactobacillus johnsonii supplementation attenuates respiratory viral infection in mice and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the protective effects of intranasal administration of L. johnsonii on lung development in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. METHODS Neonatal C57BL/6N mice were reared in either room air (RA) or hyperoxia condition (85% O2). From postnatal days 0 to 6, they were administered intranasal 10 μL L. johnsonii at a dose of 1 × 105 colony-forming units. Control mice received an equal volume of normal saline (NS). We evaluated the following four study groups: RA + NS, RA + probiotic, O2 + NS, and O2 + probiotic. On postnatal day 7, lung and intestinal microbiota were sampled from the left lung and lower gastrointestinal tract, respectively. The right lung of each mouse was harvested for Western blot, cytokine, and histology analyses. RESULTS The O2 + NS group exhibited significantly lower body weight and vascular density and significantly higher mean linear intercept (MLI) and lung cytokine levels compared with the RA + NS and RA + probiotic groups. At the genus level of the gut microbiota, the O2 + NS group exhibited significantly higher Staphylococcus and Enterobacter abundance and significantly lower Lactobacillus abundance compared with the RA + NS and RA + probiotic groups. Intranasal L. johnsonii treatment increased the vascular density, decreased the MLI and cytokine levels, and restored the gut microbiota in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal administration of L. johnsonii protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury and modulates the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan Lin
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abdelgawad A, Nicola T, Martin I, Halloran BA, Tanaka K, Adegboye CY, Jain P, Ren C, Lal CV, Ambalavanan N, O'Connell AE, Jilling T, Willis KA. Antimicrobial peptides modulate lung injury by altering the intestinal microbiota. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.14.529700. [PMID: 36993189 PMCID: PMC10054967 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.529700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian mucosal barriers secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as critical host-derived regulators of the microbiota. However, mechanisms that support homeostasis of the microbiota in response to inflammatory stimuli such as supraphysiologic oxygen remain unclear. Here, we show that neonatal mice breathing supraphysiologic oxygen or direct exposure of intestinal organoids to supraphysiologic oxygen suppress the intestinal expression of AMPs and alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Oral supplementation of the prototypical AMP lysozyme to hyperoxia exposed neonatal mice reduced hyperoxia-induced alterations in their microbiota and was associated with decreased lung injury. Our results identify a gut-lung axis driven by intestinal AMP expression and mediated by the intestinal microbiota that is linked to lung injury. Together, these data support that intestinal AMPs modulate lung injury and repair. In Brief Using a combination of murine models and organoids, Abdelgawad and Nicola et al. find that suppression of antimicrobial peptide release by the neonatal intestine in response to supra-physiological oxygen influences the progression of lung injury likely via modulation of the ileal microbiota. Highlights Supraphysiologic oxygen exposure alters intestinal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).Intestinal AMP expression has an inverse relationship with the severity of lung injury.AMP-driven alterations in the intestinal microbiota form a gut-lung axis that modulates lung injury.AMPs may mediate a gut-lung axis that modulates lung injury.
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Freeman AE, Willis KA, Qiao L, Abdelgawad AS, Halloran B, Rezonzew G, Nizami Z, Wenger N, Gaggar A, Ambalavanan N, Tipple TE, Lal CV. Microbial-induced Redox Imbalance in the Neonatal Lung Is Ameliorated by Live Biotherapeutics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:267-278. [PMID: 36287630 PMCID: PMC9989473 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0508oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common lung disease of premature infants. Hyperoxia exposure and microbial dysbiosis are contributors to BPD development. However, the mechanisms linking pulmonary microbial dysbiosis to worsening lung injury are unknown. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates oxidative stress responses and modulates hyperoxia-induced lung injury. We hypothesized that airway dysbiosis would attenuate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant function, resulting in a more severe phenotype of BPD. Here, we show that preterm infants with a Gammaproteobacteria-predominant dysbiosis have increased endotoxin in tracheal aspirates, and mice monocolonized with the representative Gammaproteobacteria Escherichia coli show increased tissue damage compared with germ-free (GF) control mice. Furthermore, we show Nrf2-deficient mice have worse lung structure and function after exposure to hyperoxia when the airway microbiome is augmented with E. coli. To confirm the disease-initiating potential of airway dysbiosis, we developed a novel humanized mouse model by colonizing GF mice with tracheal aspirates from human infants with or without severe BPD, producing gnotobiotic mice with BPD-associated and non-BPD-associated lung microbiomes. After hyperoxia exposure, BPD-associated mice demonstrated a more severe BPD phenotype and increased expression of Nrf2-regulated genes, compared with GF and non-BPD-associated mice. Furthermore, augmenting Nrf2-mediated antioxidant activity by supporting colonization with Lactobacillus species improved dysbiotic-augmented lung injury. Our results demonstrate that a lack of protective pulmonary microbiome signature attenuates an Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, which is augmented by a respiratory probiotic blend. We anticipate antioxidant pathways will be major targets of future microbiome-based therapeutics for respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luhua Qiao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | | | - Trent E. Tipple
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Fan T, Lu L, Jin R, Sui A, Guan R, Cui F, Qu Z, Liu D. Change of intestinal microbiota in mice model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13295. [PMID: 35469197 PMCID: PMC9034698 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota has been proposed to be related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as asthma and lung cancer, according to the gut-lung axis. However, little is known about the roles of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study was designed to investigate the changes of gut microbiota in neonatal mice with BPD. Methods BPD model was induced through exposure to high concentration of oxygen. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to determine the modeling efficiency. Stool samples were collected from the distal colon for the sequencing of V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA, in order to analyze the gut microbiota diversity. Results Alpha diversity indicated that there were no statistical differences in the richness of gut microbiota between BPD model group and control group on day 7, 14 and 21. Beta diversity analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the gut microbiota on day 14 (R = 0.368, p = 0.021). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that there were 22 markers with statistical differences on day 14 (p < 0.05), while those on day 7 and 21 were 3 and 4, respectively. Functional prediction analysis showed that the top three metabolic pathways were signal transduction (PFDR = 0.037), glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (PFDR = 0.032), and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides (PFDR = 0.049). Conclusions BPD mice showed disorder of gut microbiota, which may involve specific metabolic pathways in the early stage. With the progression of neonatal maturity, the differences of the gut microbiota between the two groups would gradually disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqun Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aihua Sui
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Renzheng Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengjing Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenghai Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Holzfurtner L, Shahzad T, Dong Y, Rekers L, Selting A, Staude B, Lauer T, Schmidt A, Rivetti S, Zimmer KP, Behnke J, Bellusci S, Ehrhardt H. When inflammation meets lung development-an update on the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 35445327 PMCID: PMC9021337 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Even more than 50 years after its initial description, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most important and lifelong sequelae following premature birth. Tremendous efforts have been undertaken since then to reduce this ever-increasing disease burden but a therapeutic breakthrough preventing BPD is still not in sight. The inflammatory response provoked in the immature lung is a key driver of distorted lung development and impacts the formation of alveolar, mesenchymal, and vascular structures during a particularly vulnerable time-period. During the last 5 years, new scientific insights have led to an improved pathomechanistic understanding of BPD origins and disease drivers. Within the framework of current scientific progress, concepts involving disruption of the balance of key inflammatory and lung growth promoting pathways by various stimuli, take center stage. Still today, the number of efficient therapeutics available to prevent BPD is limited to a few, well-established pharmacological interventions including postnatal corticosteroids, early caffeine administration, and vitamin A. Recent advances in the clinical care of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have led to improvements in survival without a consistent reduction in the incidence of BPD. Our update provides latest insights from both preclinical models and clinical cohort studies and describes novel approaches to prevent BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Holzfurtner
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tayyab Shahzad
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Rekers
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ariane Selting
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Birte Staude
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tina Lauer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annesuse Schmidt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Judith Behnke
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Gilfillan M, Bhandari V. Moving Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Research from the Bedside to the Bench. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L804-L821. [PMID: 35437999 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00452.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in the respiratory management of extremely preterm infants have led to improvements in survival, this progress has not yet extended to a reduction in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a complex multifactorial condition that primarily occurs due to disturbances in the regulation of normal pulmonary airspace and vascular development. Preterm birth and exposure to invasive mechanical ventilation also compromises large airway development, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Although both predisposing and protective genetic and environmental factors have been frequently described in the clinical literature, these findings have had limited impact on the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This gap is likely because the molecular pathways that underlie these observations are yet not fully understood, limiting the ability of researchers to identify novel treatments that can preserve normal lung development and/or enhance cellular repair mechanisms. In this review article, we will outline various well-established clinical observations whilst identifying key knowledge gaps that need to be filled with carefully designed pre-clinical experiments. We will address these issues by discussing controversial topics in the pathophysiology, the pathology and the treatment of BPD, including an evaluation of existing animal models that have been used to answer important questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gilfillan
- Division of Neonatology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children/Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper/Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
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Li T, Liu D, Maria-ferreira D. Mechanism of Neonatal Intestinal Injury Induced by Hyperoxia Therapy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35071607 PMCID: PMC8769871 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2316368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentration oxygen is widely used in the treatment of neonates, which has a significant effect on improving blood oxygen concentration in neonates with respiratory distress. The adverse effects of hyperoxia therapy on the lung, retina, and neurodevelopment of newborns have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to intestinal damage caused by hyperoxia therapy. In this review, we focus on the physical, immune, and microorganism barriers of the intestinal tract and discuss neonatal intestinal tract damage caused by hyperoxia therapy and analyze the molecular mechanism of intestinal damage caused by hyperoxia in combination with necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Tang Q, Tu B, Jiang X, Zhang J, Bai L, Meng P, Zhang L, Qin X, Wang B, Chen C, Zou Z. Exposure to carbon black nanoparticles during pregnancy aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in offspring: an intergenerational effect. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L900-L911. [PMID: 34585979 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00545.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) are one of the most frequently used nanoparticles. Exposure to CBNPs during pregnancy (PrE to CBNPs) can directly induce inflammation, lung injury, and genotoxicity in dams and results in abnormalities in offspring. However, whether exposure to CBNPs during pregnancy enhances the susceptibility of offspring to environmental stimuli remains unknown. To address this issue, in this study, we intranasally treated pregnant mice with mock or CBNPs from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD18, and F1 and F2 offspring were normally obtained. By intratracheal instillation of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger a classic animal model for acute lung injury, we intriguingly found that after LPS treatment, F1 and F2 offspring after exposure during pregnancy to CBNPs both exhibited more pronounced lung injury symptoms, including more degenerative histopathological changes, vascular leakage, elevated MPO activity, and activation of inflammation-related signaling transduction, compared with F1 and F2 offspring in the mock group, suggesting PrE to CBNPs would aggravate LPS-induced lung injury in offspring, and this effect was intergenerational. We also observed that PrE to CBNPs upregulated the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) 1/3a/3b and DNA hypermethylation in both F1 and F2 offspring, which might partially account for the intergenerational effect. Together, our study demonstrates for the first time that PrE to CBNPs can enhance sensitivity to LPS in both F1 and F2 offspring, and this intergenerational effect may be related to DNA hypermethylation caused by CBNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghu Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baijie Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, grid.203458.8Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, grid.203458.8Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, grid.203458.8Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Xiang L, Meng X. Emerging cellular and molecular interactions between the lung microbiota and lung diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:577-610. [PMID: 34693852 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1992345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the lung microbiota, its study in both pulmonary health and disease has become a vibrant area of emerging research interest. Thus far, most studies have described the lung microbiota composition in lung disease quite well, and some of these studies indicated alterations in lung microbial communities related to the onset and development of lung disease and vice versa. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the cellular and molecular links, are still largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the lung microbiome interacts with immune homeostasis and pulmonary disease pathogenesis to advance our understanding of the elaborate function of the lung microbiota in lung disease. We hope that this work can attract more attention to this still-young yet very promising field to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and provide more innovative therapies. Additional accurate standard-based methodologies and technological breakthroughs are critical to propel the field forward to ultimately achieve the goal of maintaining respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Chen CM, Yang YCSH, Chou HC. Maternal antibiotic exposure disrupts microbiota and exacerbates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:776-783. [PMID: 33469177 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal antibiotic treatment alters intestinal microbiota and augments hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice offspring. The effect of maternal antibiotic treatment (MAT) during pregnancy on the lung microbiota and its relationship with lung injury remains unknown. METHODS We fed timed-pregnant C57BL/6N mice sterile drinking water containing antibiotics from gestational day 15 to delivery. Neonatal mice were reared in either room air (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal days 1 to 7. Four study groups were obtained: control + RA, control + O2, MAT + RA, and MAT + O2. On postnatal day 7, lung and intestinal microbiota were sampled from the left lung and lower gastrointestinal tract. The right lung was harvested for histology and cytokine analysis. RESULTS MAT during pregnancy significantly reduced the total number of commensal bacteria in the intestine and birth body weight of newborn mice compared with control newborn mice. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure impaired alveolarization and angiogenesis, which was exacerbated by MAT. Neonatal hyperoxia altered the composition and diversity of intestinal and lung microbiota and MAT further exacerbated neonatal hyperoxia-induced intestinal and lung dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS MAT during pregnancy exacerbates hyperoxia-induced lung injury probably through the modulation of intestinal and lung microbiota in neonatal mice. IMPACT MAT during pregnancy reduced the total number of commensal bacteria in the intestine. Neonatal hyperoxia altered the composition and diversity of intestinal and lung microbiota. MAT exacerbated neonatal hyperoxia-induced intestinal and lung dysbiosis. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure impaired alveolarization and angiogenesis, which was exacerbated by MAT. Avoiding and carefully using antibiotics during pregnancy is a potential therapeutic target for preventing lung injury in hyperoxia-exposed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a relatively common and severe complication of prematurity, and its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis techniques, together with the growing sophistication of the gut-lung axis hypothesis, have resulted in more studies linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The present article builds on current findings to examine the intrinsic associations between gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may insult the intestinal barrier, triggering inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and malnutrition, consequences of which might impact bronchopulmonary dysplasia by altering the gut-lung axis. By evaluating the potential mechanisms, new therapeutic targets and potential therapeutic modalities for bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be identified from a microecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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14
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Underwood MA, Lakshminrusimha S, Steinhorn RH, Wedgwood S. Malnutrition, poor post-natal growth, intestinal dysbiosis and the developing lung. J Perinatol 2021; 41:1797-810. [PMID: 33057133 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In extremely preterm infants, poor post-natal growth, intestinal dysbiosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are common, and each is associated with long-term complications. The central hypothesis that this review will address is that these three common conditions are interrelated. Challenges to studying this hypothesis include the understanding that malnutrition and poor post-natal growth are not synonymous and that there is not agreement on what constitutes a normal intestinal microbiota in this evolutionarily new population. If this hypothesis is supported, further study of whether "correcting" intestinal dysbiosis in extremely preterm infants reduces postnatal growth restriction and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia is indicated.
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15
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Bodine SC, Brooks HL, Bunnett NW, Coller HA, Frey MR, Joe B, Kleyman TR, Lindsey ML, Marette A, Morty RE, Ramírez JM, Thomsen MB, Yosten GLC. An American Physiological Society cross-journal Call for Papers on "Inter-Organ Communication in Homeostasis and Disease". Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L42-L49. [PMID: 34010064 PMCID: PMC8321848 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00209.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark R Frey
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Hôpital Laval, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Translational Pulmonology and the Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Marino Ramírez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Integrative Brain Research at the Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Morten B Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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16
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Lipinski JH, Falkowski NR, Huffnagle GB, Erb-Downward JR, Dickson RP, Moore BB, O'Dwyer DN. Toll-like receptors, environmental caging, and lung dysbiosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L404-L415. [PMID: 34159791 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated lung microbiota in shaping local alveolar immune responses. Toll-like receptors are major sensors of microbiota and determinants of local epithelial homeostasis. The impact of toll-like receptor deficiency on lung microbiota is unknown. To determine whether the absence of toll-like receptors results in altered lung microbiota or dysbiosis, we compared lung microbiota in wild-type and toll-like receptor-deficient experimental mice using 16S ribosomal RNA gene quantification and sequencing. We used a randomized environmental caging strategy to determine the impact of toll-like receptors on lung microbiota. Lung microbiota are detectable in toll-like receptor-deficient experimental mice and exhibit considerable variability. The lung microbiota of toll-like receptor-deficient mice are altered in community composition (PERMANOVA P < 0.001), display reduced diversity (t test P = 0.0075), and bacterial burden (t test P = 0.016) compared with wild-type mice with intact toll-like receptors and associated signaling pathways. The lung microbiota of wild-type mice when randomized to cages with toll-like receptor-deficient mice converged with no significant difference in community composition (PERMANOVA P > 0.05) after 3 wk of cohousing. The lung microbiome of toll-like receptor-deficient mice is distinct from wild-type mice and may be less susceptible to the effects of caging as an environmental variable. Our observations support a role for toll-like receptor signaling in the shaping of lung microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Lipinski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole R Falkowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John R Erb-Downward
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert P Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Beth B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David N O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant clinical challenge in neonatal medicine. BPD is clearly a multifactorial disease with numerous antenatal and postnatal components influencing lung development. Extremely immature infants are born in the late canalicular or early saccular stage and usually receive intensive care until the early alveolar stage of lung development, resulting in varying magnitudes of impairment of alveolar septation, lung fibrosis, and abnormal vascular development. The interactions between T lymphocytes, the genome and the epigenome, the microbiome and the metabolome, as well as nutrition and therapeutic interventions such as the exposure to oxygen, volutrauma, antibiotics, corticosteroids, caffeine and omeprazole, play an important role in pathogenesis and disease progression. While our general understanding of these interactions thanks to basic research is improving, this knowledge is yet to be translated into comprehensive prevention and clinical management strategies for the benefit of preterm infants developing BPD and later during infancy and childhood suffering from the disease itself and its sequelae. In this review, we summarise existing evidence on the interplay between T lymphocytes, lung multi-omics and currently used therapeutic interventions in BPD, and highlight avenues for potential future immunology related research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Toldi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helmut Hummler
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thillagavathie Pillay
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Foundation Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.,College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe respiratory complication in preterm infants. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of BPD are complex and remain to be clarified, recent studies have reported a certain correlation between the microecological environment of the respiratory tract and BPD. Changes in respiratory tract microecology, such as abnormal microbial diversity and altered evolutional patterns, are observed prior to the development of BPD in premature infants. Therefore, research on the colonization and evolution of neonatal respiratory tract microecology and its relationship with BPD is expected to provide new ideas for its prevention and treatment. In this paper, we review microecological changes in the respiratory tract and the mechanisms by which they can lead to BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Abstract
A rapidly expanding new field of lung research has been produced by the emergence of culture-independent next-generation sequencing technologies. While pulmonary microbiome research lags behind the exploration of the microbiome in other organ systems, the field is maturing and has recently produced multiple exciting discoveries. In this mini-review, we will explore recent advances in our understanding of the lung microbiome and the gut-lung axis from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A. Willis
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Justin D. Stewart
- 2Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,3Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,4Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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20
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Willis KA, Stewart JD, Ambalavanan N. Recent advances in understanding the ecology of the lung microbiota and deciphering the gut-lung axis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L710-L716. [PMID: 32877224 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00360.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapidly expanding new field of lung research has been produced by the emergence of culture-independent next-generation sequencing technologies. While pulmonary microbiome research lags behind the exploration of the microbiome in other organ systems, the field is maturing and has recently produced multiple exciting discoveries. In this mini-review, we will explore recent advances in our understanding of the lung microbiome and the gut-lung axis from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Justin D Stewart
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Zhang D, Zhao X, Zhang D, Gao S, Xue X, Fu J. Hyperoxia reduces STX17 expression and inhibits the autophagic flux in alveolar type II epithelial cells in newborn rats. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:773-781. [PMID: 32467992 PMCID: PMC7307846 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen therapy can be life-saving for premature infants. Our previous study revealed a defect in the autophagic flux in the lung tissues of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Moreover, there are few innovative treatments that can completely alter the course of BPD. The present study examined the expression of Syntaxin 17 (STX17), a protein necessary for autophago-some-lysosome binding, in alveolar type II (AT-II) epithelial cells of neonatal rats with BPD. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly exposed to elevated O2 levels [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), 0.8; model group] or normal room air (FiO2, 0.21; control group), and the expression levels of STX17, autophagy-related [Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B (LC3B)-II, p62, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1)] and apoptosis-related (cleaved caspase3) mRNA and proteins were examined in lung tissues. Moreover, the expression levels of the aforementioned proteins were measured in isolated primary AT-II cells cultured in vitro under hyperoxic conditions in the presence or absence of pharmacological modulators of autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy identified that AT-II cell apoptosis and autophagosome aggregation were elevated in the lungs of BPD rats compared with control rats on postnatal day 7. STX17 mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased in lung tissue and isolated AT-II cells as early as postnatal day 3 in BPD rats, while the expression levels of LC3B-II, p62 and cleaved caspase3 were increased, reaching a peak on postnatal day 7. This early reduction in STX17 expression, followed by increased expression in autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins, was also observed in isolated AT-II cells exposed to hyperoxia in vitro. However, treatment with the autophagy inducers rapamycin or LiCl eliminated the hyperoxia-induced reduction in STX17, partially restored the autophagy flux and increased the survival of AT-II cells exposed to hyperoxia. Collectively, these results indicated that STX17 expression in AT-II cells was reduced in the early stages of BPD in neonatal rats and may be related to the subsequent hyperoxia-induced block in autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dingning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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22
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Piersigilli F, Van Grambezen B, Hocq C, Danhaive O. Nutrients and Microbiota in Lung Diseases of Prematurity: The Placenta-Gut-Lung Triangle. Nutrients 2020; 12:E469. [PMID: 32069822 PMCID: PMC7071142 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory function is not only the foremost determinant of life after premature birth, but also a major factor of long-term outcomes. However, the path from placental disconnection to nutritional autonomy is enduring and challenging for the preterm infant and, at each step, will have profound influences on respiratory physiology and disease. Fluid and energy intake, specific nutrients such as amino-acids, lipids and vitamins, and their ways of administration -parenteral or enteral-have direct implications on lung tissue composition and cellular functions, thus affect lung development and homeostasis and contributing to acute and chronic respiratory disorders. In addition, metabolomic signatures have recently emerged as biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other neonatal diseases, suggesting a profound implication of specific metabolites such as amino-acids, acylcarnitine and fatty acids in lung injury and repair, inflammation and immune modulation. Recent advances have highlighted the profound influence of the microbiome on many short- and long-term outcomes in the preterm infant. Lung and intestinal microbiomes are deeply intricated, and nutrition plays a prominent role in their establishment and regulation. There is an emerging evidence that human milk prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, potentially through microbiome composition and/or inflammation modulation. Restoring antibiotic therapy-mediated microbiome disruption is another potentially beneficial action of human milk, which can be in part emulated by pre- and probiotics and supplements. This review will explore the many facets of the gut-lung axis and its pathophysiology in acute and chronic respiratory disorders of the prematurely born infant, and explore established and innovative nutritional approaches for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Bénédicte Van Grambezen
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Catheline Hocq
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium; (F.P.); (B.V.G.); (C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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23
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Casado F, Morty RE. The emergence of preclinical studies on the role of the microbiome in lung development and experimental animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L402-L404. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00509.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Casado
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease of preterm infants, associated with high morbidity and hospitalization expenses. With the revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis technology, increasing evidence indicates that children with BPD are affected by lung microbiota dysbiosis, which may be related to the illness occurrence and progression. However, dysbiosis treatment in BPD patients has not been fully investigated. Probiotics are living microorganisms known to improve human health for their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and particularly by balancing gut microbiota composition, which promotes gut-lung axis recovery. The aim of the present review is to examine current evidence of lung microbiota dysbiosis and explore potential applications of probiotics in BPD, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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25
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